Chemistry: The Periodic Table and Periodicity

Transcription

1 KEY Chemistry: The Periodic Table and Periodicity Directions: Answer each of the following questions. You need not use complete sentences. 1. Who first published the classification of the elements that is the basis of our periodic table today? DMITRI MENDELEEV 2. By what property did Mendeleev arrange the elements? ATOMIC MASS 3. By what property did Moseley suggest that the periodic table be arranged? ATOMIC NUMBER 4. What is the periodic law? THE PROPERTIES OF THE ELEMENTS REPEAT PERIODICALLY 5. What is a period? How many are there in the periodic table? A HORIZONTAL ROW IN THE PERIODIC TABLE; 7 6. What is a group (also called a family)? How many are there in the periodic table? A VERTICAL COLUMN IN THE PERIODIC TABLE; State the number of valence electrons in an atom of: a. sulfur b. calcium c. chlorine d. arsenic Give the names and chemical symbols for the elements that correspond to these atomic numbers: a. 10 b. 18 c. 36 d. 90 Ne, NEON Ar, ARGON Kr, KRYPTON Th; THORIUM 9. List, by number, both the period and group of each of these elements. Symbol Period Group a. beryllium Be 2 2 b. iron Fe 4 8 c. lead Pb Which of the following pairs of elements belong to the same period? a. Na and Cl b. Na and Li c. Na and Cu d. Na and Ne 11. Which of the following pairs of elements belong to the same group? a. H and He b. Li and Be c. C and Pb d. Ga and Ge 12. What are the transition elements? GROUPS Would you expect strontium to be, chemically, more similar to calcium or rubidium and WHY?

2 Ca; BOTH Ca AND Sr HAVE TWO VALENCE ELECTRONS 14. What are the Group 1 elements called? ALKALI METALS 15. What are the Group 2 elements called? ALKALINE EARTH METALS 16. What are the Group 17 elements called? HALOGENS 17. What are the Group 18 elements called? NOBLE GASES 18. Which alkali metal belongs to the sixth period? Cs 19. Which halogen belongs to the fourth period? Br 20. What element is in the fifth period and the eleventh group? Ag 21. Why do all the members of a group have similar properties? THEY HAVE THE SAME NUMBER OF VALENCE ELECTRONS 22. Within a group, what happens to the atomic radius as you go down the column? INCREASES 23. Explain your answer to Question 22: Why does the atomic radius change? ELEMENT BELOW HAS ONE MORE ENERGY LEVEL THAN ELEMENT ABOVE 24. How are neutral atoms converted into cations? How are neutral atoms converted into anions? LOSE ELECTRONS ACQUIRE ELECTRONS 25. Metals usually form what type of ions? Nonmetals usually form what type of ions? CATIONS ANIONS 26. What is electronegativity? THE TENDENCY FOR AN ATOM TO ATTRACT ELECTRONS TO ITSELF 27. What is the general trend of ionization energy/electronegativity as you go from left to right across the periodic table? INCREASES What is the general trend of ionization energy/electronegativity as you go down a group on the periodic table? DECREASES 28. When an atom becomes an anion, what happens to its radius? When an atom becomes a cation, what happens to its radius? BECOMES LARGER BECOMES SMALLER 29. For each of the following pairs, circle the atom or ion having the larger radius. a. S or O c. Na or K e. S 2 or O 2 b. Ca or Ca 2+ d. K 1+ or Ca 2+ f. S 2 or F 1

3 Answers Naming Chemical Compounds Name the following chemical compounds: 1) NaBr sodium bromide 2) Ca(C2H3O2)2 calcium acetate 3) P2O5 diphosphorus pentoxide 4) Ti(SO4)2 titanium(iv) sulfate 5) FePO4 iron(iii) phosphate 6) K3N potassium nitride 7) SO2 sulfur dioxide 8) CuOH copper(i) hydroxide 9) Zn(NO2)2 zinc nitrite 10) V2S3 vanadium(iii) sulfide Write the formulas for the following chemical compounds: 11) silicon dioxide SiO2 12) nickel (III) sulfide Ni2S3 13) manganese (II) phosphate Mn3(PO4)2 14) silver acetate AgC2H3O2 15) diboron tetrabromide B2Br4 16) magnesium sulfate heptahydrate MgSO4. 7H2O 17) potassium carbonate K2CO3 18) ammonium oxide (NH4)2O 19) tin (IV) selenide SnSe2 20) carbon tetrachloride CCl4

4 Compound Names and Formulas Solution Key Formula to name problems: 1) NaF is sodium fluoride 2) K 2 CO 3 is potassium carbonate 3) MgCl 2 is magnesium chloride 4) Be(OH) 2 is beryllium hydroxide 5) SrS is strontium sulfide 6) Cu 2 S is copper (I) sulfide 7) ZnI 2 is zinc iodide 8) Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 is calcium phosphate 9) NH 4 I is ammonium iodide 10) Mn(NO 3 ) 3 is manganese (III) nitrate 11) FePO 4 is iron (III) phosphate 12) CoCO 3 is cobalt (II) carbonate Name to formula problems: 13) potassium fluoride is KF 14) ammonium sulfate is (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 15) magnesium iodide is MgI 2 16) copper (II) sulfite is CuSO 3 17) aluminum phosphate is AlPO 4 18) lead (II) nitrite is Pb(NO 2 ) 2 19) cobalt (II) selenide is CoSe 20) silver cyanide is AgCN 21) copper (II) bicarbonate is Cu(HCO 3 ) 2 22) iron (II) oxide is FeO 23) lithium cyanide is LiCN 24) lead (IV) sulfite is Pb(SO 3 ) 2

5 Naming Covalent Compounds Solutions Write the formulas for the following covalent compounds: 1) antimony tribromide SbBr3 2) hexaboron silicide B6Si 3) chlorine dioxide ClO2 4) hydrogen iodide HI 5) iodine pentafluoride IF5 6) dinitrogen trioxide N2O3 7) ammonia NH3 8) phosphorus triiodide PI3 Write the names for the following covalent compounds: 9) P4S5 tetraphosphorus pentasulfide 10) O2 oxygen 11) SeF6 selenium hexafluoride 12) Si2Br6 disilicon hexabromide 13) SCl4 sulfur tetrachloride 14) SiH4 silicon tetrahydride 15) B2Si diboron silicide 16) NF3 nitrogen trifluoride

6 Word Equations Answer Key 1) Zinc and lead (II) nitrate react to form zinc nitrate and lead. Zn + Pb(NO3)2 Zn(NO3)2 + Pb 2) Aluminum bromide and chlorine gas react to form aluminum chloride and bromine gas. 2 AlBr3 + 3 Cl2 2 AlCl3 + 3 Br2 3) Sodium phosphate and calcium chloride react to form calcium phosphate and sodium chloride. 2 Na3PO4 + 3 CaCl2 6 NaCl + Ca3(PO4)2 4) Potassium metal and chlorine gas combine to form potassium chloride. 2 K + Cl2 2 KCl 5) Aluminum and hydrochloric acid react to form aluminum chloride and hydrogen gas. 2 Al + 6 HCl 3 H2 + 2 AlCl3 6) Calcium hydroxide and phosphoric acid react to form calcium phosphate and water. 3 Ca(OH)2 + 2 H3PO4 Ca3(PO4)2 + 6 H2O 7) Copper and sulfuric acid react to form copper (II) sulfate and water and sulfur dioxide. Cu + 2 H2SO4 CuSO4 + 2 H2O + SO2 8) Hydrogen gas and nitrogen monoxide react to form water and nitrogen gas. 2 H2 + 2 NO 2 H2O + N2

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8 Electron Configurations Worksheet - Answers Write the complete ground state electron configurations for the following: 1) lithium 1s 2 2s 1 2) oxygen 1s 2 2s 2 2p 4 3) calcium 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 4s 2 4) titanium 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 4s 2 3d 2 5) rubidium 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 4s 2 3d 10 4p 6 5s 1 6) lead 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 4s 2 3d 10 4p 6 5s 2 4d 10 5p 6 6s 2 4f 14 5d 10 6p 2 7) erbium 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 4s 2 3d 10 4p 6 5s 2 4d 10 5p 6 6s 2 4f 12 Write the abbreviated ground state electron configurations for the following: 8) helium 1s 2 (this one cannot be abbreviated) 9) nitrogen [He] 2s 2 2p 3 10) chlorine [Ne] 3s 2 3p 5 11) iron [Ar] 4s 2 3d 6 12) zinc [Ar] 4s 2 3d 10 13) barium [Xe] 6s 2 14) polonium [Xe] 6s 2 4f 14 5d 10 6p 4

9 A Voyage through Equations ANSWER KEY Section 1: Identify the type of reaction 1) Na3PO4 + 3 KOH 3 NaOH + K3PO4 DOUBLE DISPLACEMENT 2) MgCl2 + Li2CO3 MgCO3 + 2 LiCl DOUBLE DISPLACEMENT 3) C6H O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O COMBUSTION 4) Pb + FeSO4 PbSO4 + Fe SINGLE DISPLACEMENT 5) CaCO3 CaO + CO2 DECOMPOSITION 6) P4 + 3 O2 2 P2O3 SYNTHESIS 7) 2 RbNO3 + BeF2 Be(NO3)2 + 2 RbF DOUBLE DISPLACEMENT 8) 2 AgNO3 + Cu Cu(NO3)2 + 2 Ag SINGLE DISPLACEMENT 9) C3H6O + 4 O2 3 CO2 + 3 H2O COMBUSTION 10) 2 C5H5 + Fe Fe(C5H5)2 SYNTHESIS 11) SeCl6 + O2 SeO2 + 3Cl2 SINGLE DISPLACEMENT 12) 2 MgI2 + Mn(SO3)2 2 MgSO3 + MnI4 DOUBLE DISPLACEMENT 13) O3 O. + O2 DECOMPOSITION 14) 2 NO2 2 O2 + N2 DECOMPOSITION Section 2: Practicing equation balancing 1) 2 C6H O2 6 H2O + 12 CO2 2) 4 NaI + 1 Pb(SO4)2 1 PbI4 + 2 Na2SO4 3) 2 NH3 + 2 O2 1 NO + 3 H2O 4) 2 Fe(OH)3 1 Fe2O3 + 3 H2O 5) 2 HNO3 + 1 Mg(OH)2 2 H2O + 1 Mg(NO3)2 6) 1 H3PO4 + 3 NaBr 3 HBr + 1 Na3PO4 7) 3 C + 4 H2 1 C3H8 8) 2 CaO + 1 MnI4 1 MnO2 + 2 CaI2 9) 1 Fe2O3 + 3 H2O 2 Fe(OH)3 10) 1 C2H2 + 2 H2 1 C2H6

10 11) 2 VF HI 1 V2I HF 12) 1 OsO4 + 2 PtCl4 2 PtO2 + 1 OsCl8 13) 1 CF Br 2 1 CBr F 2 14) 2 Hg2I2 + 1 O2 2 Hg2O + 2 I2 15) 1 Y(NO3)2 + 1 GaPO4 1 YPO4 + 1 Ga(NO3)2 Section 3: Predicting the products of chemical reactions 1) 2 Ag + 1 CuSO 4 1 Ag 2SO Cu Type: Single Displacement 2) 2 NaI + 1 CaCl 2 2 NaCl + 1 CaI 2 Type: Double Displacement 3) 1 O2 + 1 H2 2 H2O Type: Synthesis 4) 2 HNO Mn(OH) 2 2 H 2O + 1 Mn(NO 3) 2 Type: Acid-Base 5) 2 AgNO2 + 1 BaSO4 1 Ag2SO4 + 1 Ba(NO2)2 Type: Double Displacement 6) 2 HCN + 1 CuSO4 1 H2SO4 + 1 Cu(CN)2 Type: Double Displacement 7) 1 H 2O + 1 AgI 1 HI + 1 AgOH Type: Double Displacement 8) 3 HNO3 + 1 Fe(OH)3 3 H2O + 1 Fe(NO3)3 Type: Acid-Base 9) 4 LiBr + 1 Co(SO3)2 2 Li2SO3 + 1 CoBr4 Type: Double Displacement 10) 1 LiNO Ag 1 AgNO Li Type: Single Displacement 11) 1 N2 + 2 O2 2 NO2 Type: Synthesis 12) 1 H2CO3 1 CO2 + 1 H2O Type: Decomposition 13) 1 AlCl3 + 3 Cs 3 CsCl + 1 Al Type: Single Displacement 14) 1 Al(NO3)3 + 1 Ga 1 Ga(NO3)3 + 1 Al Type: Single Displacement 15) 1 H2SO4 + 2 NH4OH 2 H2O + 1 (NH4)2SO4 Type: Acid-Base 16) 1 CH3COOH + 1 O2 1 CO2 + 2 H2O Type: Combustion 17) 1 C4H8 + 6 O2 4 CO2 + 4 H2O Type: Combustion 18) 2 KCl + 1 Mg(OH)2 2 KOH + 1 MgCl2 Type: Double Displacement 19) 1 Zn + 1 Au(NO 2) 2 1 Zn(NO 2) Au Type: Single Displacement 20) 2 KOH + 1 H 2SO 4 1 K 2SO H 2O Type: Acid-Base 21) 1 BaS + 1 PtCl2 1 BaCl2 + 1 PtS Type: Double Displacement 22) 2 Na2O 4 Na + 1 O2 Type: Decomposition

11 Naming Ionic Compounds Answer Key Give the name and molar mass of the following ionic compounds: Name Molar Mass 1) Na2CO3 sodium carbonate 129 grams/mole 2) NaOH sodium hydroxide 40 grams/mole 3) MgBr2 magnesium bromide grams/mole 4) KCl potassium chloride 74.6 grams/mole 5) FeCl2 iron (II) chloride grams/mole 6) FeCl3 iron (III) chloride grams/mole 7) Zn(OH)2 zinc hydroxide 99.4 grams/mole 8) Be2SO4 beryllium sulfate grams/mole 9) CrF2 chromium (II) fluoride 90.0 grams/mole 10) Al2S3 aluminum sulfide grams/mole For the following compounds, give the formulas and the molar masses: Formula Molar Mass 11) sodium phosphide Na3PO grams/mole 12) magnesium nitrate Mg(NO3) grams/mole 13) lead (II) sulfite PbSO grams/mole 14) calcium phosphate Ca3(PO4) grams/mole 15) ammonium sulfate (NH4)2SO grams/mole 16) silver cyanide AgCN grams/mole 17) aluminum sulfide Al2S grams/mole 18) beryllium chloride BeCl grams/mole 19) copper (I) arsenide Cu3As grams/mole 20) iron (III) oxide Fe2O grams/mole

12 Mass to Mass Stoichiometry Problems Answer Key In the following problems, calculate how much of the indicated product is made. Show all your work. 1) LiOH + HBr LiBr + H2O If you start with ten grams of lithium hydroxide, how many grams of lithium bromide will be produced? 36.3 grams 2) C2H4 + 3 O2 2 CO2 + 2 H2O If you start with 45 grams of ethylene (C2H4), how many grams of carbon dioxide will be produced? grams 3) Ca + 2 LiCl CaCl2 + 2 Li If you start with 5.5 grams of lithium chloride, how many grams of calcium chloride will be produced? 9.3 grams 4) 2 HCl + Na2SO4 2 NaCl + H2SO4 If you start with 20 grams of hydrochloric acid, how many grams of sulfuric acid will be produced? 26.9 grams