Element Identity and Reactivity
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1 Topic Element Identity and Reactivity Essential Question What do the protons and valence electrons determine about an element?
2 Protons The number of protons identifies the element The atomic number on the periodic table is equal to the number of protons For example: An atom of Carbon has 6 protons so it is atomic #6
3 Electrons For atoms with a neutral charge*: the number of electrons is the same as the number of protons *a neutral charge means an overall charge of zero If there are 8 protons then there are 8 electrons. If there are 73 protons then there are 73 electrons. If there are 24 protons then there are 24 electrons.
4 Example: A neutral atom of Carbon has 6 protons (+) and 6 electrons () 6 positive charges and 6 negatives cancel each other to make an overall charge of ZERO. ZERO = NEUTRAL
5 Electron Shells Each shell can hold a certain number of electrons 1 st shell 2 electrons 2 nd shell 8 electrons 3 rd shell 8 electrons Nucleus
6 Valence Electrons Valence electrons are the electrons located on the outermost shell of an atom. They determine the reactivity of an element. This model shows that carbon has four valence electrons.
7 Valence electrons Elements with 8 valence electrons are stable (will not react with other elements) Elements with less than 8 valence electrons are reactive For example, Sodium (Na), which has 1 valence electron, reacts with Chlorine (Cl), which has 7 and creates NaCl, which is table salt. Na Cl
8 Now take some time Take 2 minutes to go over your notes and highlight or underline the main ideas that answer the essential question, you should not highlight everything: What do the protons and valence electrons determine about an element? Share with a neighbor, did you highlight the same thing?
9 Time to use the left hand column You will now write your own questions using the questioning verbs provided.
10 Write a question using one of the following verbs: Protons The number of protons is used to identify an element Explain Define The atomic number on the periodic table is the number of protons For example: an atom of Carbon has 6 protons
11 Write a question using one of the following verbs: Explain Define Electrons The number of electrons = the number of protons For example: Carbon has 6 protons and 6 electrons
12 Write a question using one of the following verbs: Explain Define Electron Shells Each shell can hold A certain number of electrons 1 st 2 electrons 2 nd 8 electrons 3 rd 8 electrons Nucleus
13 Write a question using one of the following verbs: Explain Define Valence Electrons Electrons located on the outermost shell of an atom They determine the reactivity of an element
14 Write a question using one of the following verbs: Explain Define Valence electrons Elements with 8 valence electrons are stable (won t react) Elements with less than 8 valence electrons are reactive For example, Sodium, which has 1 valence electron, reacts with Chlorine, which has 7 and creates NaCl, which is table salt Na Cl
15 Now let s write a summary Look at each question you wrote on your own, and answer each question in a complete sentence.
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