What are the three different types of elements and what are their properties?
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1 Name: Partners name(s): Stamp: Laboratory 5: Types of Matter and its changes Compounds, mixtures, elements, chemical /physical properties Classify several different compounds, elements and mixtures by appearance. Observe and classify several chemical and physical changes. Classify several elements. Chemical and physical changes Examples of metals, nonmetals and metalloids to classify. Lecture Notes What are the different classes of matter? What are the three different types of elements and what are their properties?
2 What are physical properties? What are physical changes? What are chemical properties? What are chemical changes? Revised 5/02 2
3 What is the evidence for physical change and chemical changes? Physical Changes Chemical Changes Purpose: To learn how to classify matter and its changes Procedure and Observations and Data: A. Classifying compounds, elements, homogeneous mixtures and heterogeneous mixtures by appearance Working with one partner, go to the reagent benches and classify the samples of matter into one of the following categories: Compound, element or mixture. Substance Description Classification Revised 5/02 3
4 B. Observing and classifying types of changes of matter Perform the following tests at your lab bench. In your lab notebook, label each experiment and record your observations. Classify each experiment as a chemical or physical change. 1. Watch your instructor light the Bunsen burner and then do it yourself. 2. Obtain a piece of magnesium ribbon from the reagent bench and place it in the burner, holding it with your crucible tongs. Do not look directly at the flame. 3. Obtain 1/8 teaspoon of baking powder and mix it with 1 ml of water in your test tube. 4. Using your graduated cylinder, obtain 2 ml of copper (II) sulfate solution from the reagent bench. Put it into a test tube. Rinse your graduated cylinder with deionized water and obtain 2 ml of sodium hydroxide solution and mix them together in the tube. 5. Obtain some ice from the reagent bench. Place it in a beaker. Observe what happens inside and outside the beaker. Observations: Revised 5/02 4
5 6. Obtain a piece of copper. Using the crucible tongs, hold the copper in the burner. 7. Your instructor will show you a distillation apparatus. Set one up just like it and boil some copper (II) sulfate solution until you begin to see drops of water coming out of the condensing tube. 8. Obtain 10 ml of milk in a beaker and mix with about 3 ml of vinegar. Stir with your glass stirring rod. Do not pour any solid down the sink. Observe the following demonstrations by the instructor 9. Change of state of iodine Revised 5/02 5
6 10. Electrolysis of water 11. Reaction of zinc and sulfur 12. Changes of sulfur 13. Reaction of calcium 14. Sodium in water Revised 5/02 6
7 Once you have completed all of the experiments and observed the demonstrations, get a piece of butcher paper and some pens or crayons. Draw a Black box diagram of one compound, one element and one mixture. Include a copy of the diagrams below. Compound Name of material: Element Name of material: Mixture Name of material: Diagram: Diagram: Diagram: C. Classifying types of elements At the reagent bench are several examples of elements. Classify them as metals, nonmetals and those you are unsure of. Put them in a table that shows their name and classification. Look at the periodic table. Circle those that are metals and put an X through those that are nonmetals. Is there a pattern on the table for metals and nonmetals? Table 1 Original Hypothesis Metals Nonmetals Unsure Revised 5/02 7
8 Calculations None Questions and Answers: What is the difference between chemical and physical changes? What is the difference between zinc and a compound of zinc? In a different colored pen or pencil, make corrections to the table in which you classified the elements into metals and nonmetals. Cross out the word unsure and put the word metalloids. Conclusions and Reflections What is something from today s lab that you could use in your classroom someday? Have you learned the difference between compounds, mixtures and elements? If not, what is a question you have that would help you see the difference. What was it that you did today that helped you see the difference between chemical and physical change? What is something you are confused about? Revised 5/02 8
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