Copyright 2018 Dan Dill 1

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1 TP The expression for the equilibrium constant for the solubility equilibrium M 2 X 2 M X 2 is 1. sp 2 M X 2 / M 2 X 2. sp 2 M 2 X 2 / M 2 X 3. sp 2 M 2 X 2 4. sp M 2 X 2 Lecture 21 CH102 A1 (MWF 9:05 am) Friday, March 16, 2018 Review: H 3 O when different amounts of not enough base added Ch15: Solubility, precipitation, and complexation Five kinds of solubility equilibria problems Next lecture: Complete ch15: Practice with solubility equilibria; Begin ch16: Electron transfer reactions and electrochemistry. Response Counter 5 1 At 25 o C, the ph of a 1.0 L solution of a b 1.00 M, a is ph 5.00 Add 100. ml of M NaOH HA 1.00 mol mol 0.99 mol A 1.00 mol mol 1.01 mol HA OH H 2 O A At 25 o C, the ph of a 1.0 L solution pure water, a 1 x is ph 7.00 Add 100. ml of M NaOH OH mol/1.10 L poh 2.04, ph huge change! The ph of a 1.0 L solution of a 0.99 mol/1.10 L, b 1.01 mol/1.10 L is a / b /1.01, ph 5.01 tiny change! 5 6 1

2 At 25 o C, the ph of a 1.0 L solution of a b 1.00 M, a 1 x 10 5 is ph 5.00 Add 100. ml of M HCl HA 1.00 mol mol 1.01 mol A 1.00 mol mol 0.99 mol HCl A HA Cl At 25 o C, the ph of a 1.0 L solution pure water, a 1 x is ph 7.00 Add 100. ml of M HCl H 3 O mol/1.10 L ph 2.04 huge change! The ph of a 1.0 L solution of a 1.01 mol/1.10 L, b 0.99 mol/1.10 L a / b /0.99, ph 4.99 tiny change! 7 8 Buffers Mixtures of a weak acid and its conjugate base or weak base and its conjugate acid exhibit the special property that they resist changes to ph. For this reason such mixtures are known as buffers. Buffers resist change in ph

3 Buffers resist change in ph Buffers resist change in ph Added strong base say, OH is gobbled up HA OH H 2 O A a lowered, b raised, a / b lowered Added strong acid say, HCl is gobbled up HCl A HA Cl b lowered, a raised, a / b raised Solubility equilibria Ch15: Solubility, precipitation, and complexation Five kinds of problems MX 2 M 2 2 X, sp 1. From solubility get sp 2. From sp get solubility 4. Will precipitation occur? 5. What remains after precipitation?

4 TP At 25, sp of CaF 2 is What is the maximum number of moles of CaF 2 that can dissolve in water at 25? From K sp get solubility What is the molar solubility of CaF 2? sp Response Counter From K sp get solubility 1. From K sp get solubility What is the molar solubility of CaF 2? K sp What is the molar solubility of CaF 2? K sp excess 2 18 K sp M 2 X Answer: mol/l Check: sp 19 4

5 2. From solubility get K sp 2. From solubility get K sp The solubility of magnesium phosphate is g/100 g of water at 20. Calculate its sp at this temperature. Mg 3 PO Mg 2 2 PO 4 3 The solubility of magnesium phosphate is g/100 g of water at 20. Calculate its sp at this temperature. Mg 3 PO Mg 2 2 PO 4 3 M 3 X 2 M 2 X From solubility get K sp The solubility of magnesium phosphate is g/100 g of water at 20. Calculate its sp at this temperature. Mg 3 PO Mg 2 2 PO 4 3 M 3 X 2 M 2 X excess g/100 g mol/l sp M 2 3 X Answer:

6 Initial Initial excess 0 c ion Initial excess 0 c ion 2 excess c ion 2 c ion K sp M 2 X 2 c ion 2 Large c ion makes x smaller Answer: , 0.08 % of the value in pure water! 26 6