Copyright 2017 Dan Dill 1

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1 TP An acid has K a at 25 o C. In a c a 0.40 M solution of this acid solution, H 3 O Something else Lecture 19 CH102 A1 (MWF 9:05 am) Monday, March 13, 2017 Using K a to get H 3 O What happens when some OH is added to an acid? See Overview of acid base calculations, Next lecture: Continue: What happens when some OH is added to an acid? Response Counter 10 1 Using K a to get [H 3 O + ] We can get the numerical value of K a by analyzing the acid equilibrium. HA aq H 3 O aq A aq Q Initial c a Change x x x Equilibrium c a x 10 7 x x K a Approximate c a x c a 10 7 x x x K a Once we know K a, we can rearrange K a x 2 /c a 10 ph 2 / c a to calculate the value of x H 3 O for different acid molarities x c a K a 1/2 TP An acid has K a at 25 o C. In a c a 0.40 M solution of this acid solution, H 3 O Something else 7 Response Counter 10 8 Copyright 2017 Dan Dill dan@bu.edu 1

2 Using K a to get [H 3 O + ] We can get the numerical value of K a by analyzing the acid equilibrium. What happens when some OH is added to an acid? HA aq H 3 O aq A aq Q Initial c a Change x x x Equilibrium c a x 10 7 x x K a Approximate c a x c a 10 7 x x x K a For example, if c a 0.40 and K a , then x c a K a 1/ / Quiz An acid has K a at 25 o C. The hydronium concentration of a c a 0.40 M solution of this acid solution is H 3 O After adding some 0.20 M OH, H 3 O must be 1. smaller than less than basic 3. equal to neutral 4. greater than acidic 5. More information needed When some OH solution is added to an HA solution, some HA will be converted to conjugate base A. Therefore, HA will be less, the equilibrium HA aq H 2 O l H 3 O aq A aq will shift toward reactants, and so, by Le Chatelier, H 3 O must decrease Copyright 2017 Dan Dill dan@bu.edu 2

3 When some OH solution is added to an HA solution, some HA will be converted to conjugate base A, and so H 3 O must decrease. There are two steps to find the new value of H 3 O. Step 1: Assume the acid HA and the added OH react 100%, as a limiting reagent problem. Step 2: Use the results of step 1 to re solve the equilibrium. To begin, let s learn about the results of step 1. Too little base: If fewer moles of OH are added than the moles of acid present, then only some of the acid HA will be converted to conjugate base A Just enough base: If the moles of OH added is the same as the moles of acid present, then all of the acid HA will be converted to conjugate base A. Too much base: If the moles of OH added is more than the moles of acid present, then all of the acid HA will be converted to conjugate base A and unused OH will be left over Copyright 2017 Dan Dill dan@bu.edu 3

4 TP V b 100. ml of c b 0.40 M of OH is combined with V a 100. ml of c a 0.40 M of HA. The result is Quiz V b 100. ml of c b 0.20 M of OH is combined with V a 100. ml of c a 0.40 M of HA. The result is TP V b 200. ml of c b 0.30 M of OH is combined with V a 200. ml of c a 0.20 M of HA. The result is There are two steps to find the new value of H 3 O. Step 1: Assume the acid HA and the added OH react 100%, as a limiting reagent problem ignoring equilibrium!. Step 2: Based on whether we have added too little, just enough, or too much OH, we use the results of step 1 to calculate the equilibrium concentration of H 3 O Copyright 2017 Dan Dill dan@bu.edu 4

5 H 3 O when too little base added One will result in an acidic solution, and the other will result in a basic solution. Which one to use? Use the one that has the larger K! Say K a K b K w / K a / , use 27 Use the one that has the larger K! Say K a K b K w / K a / , use 28 Copyright 2017 Dan Dill dan@bu.edu 5

Copyright 2018 Dan Dill 1

Copyright 2018 Dan Dill 1 TP In pure water at 25, there is only a tiny, tiny amount of self ionization, ~ 7 mol/l. In pure water, how many water molecules are there for every OH ion? 1. 1 2. 3. 0 4.,000 5. 1,000,000 6.,000,000