SYNTHESIS OF GOLD NANOPARTICLES USING XANTHIUM STRUMARIUM LEAVES EXTRACT AND THEIR ANTIMICROBIAL STUDIES: A GREEN APPROACH
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1 ISSN: ISSN: CODEN: RJCABP USING XANTHIUM STRUMARIUM LEAVES EXTRACT AND THEIR ANTIMICROBIAL STUDIES: A GREEN APPROACH P. Vijy Kumr 1, S. Mry Jlstin Kl 2,* n K. S. Prksh 3,* 1, 2 Dprtmnt o Chmistry, St.Xvir s Collg (Autonomous), Plymkotti (Ailit to Mnonmnim Sunrnr Univrsity, Tirunlvli), (Tmilnu) Ini. 3 Dprtmnt o Chmistry, Bhrthisn Govrnmnt Collg or Womn (Autonomous), (Ailit to Ponihrry Univrsity, Puuhrry), Muthilpt , (Puuhrry U.T) Ini. *E-mil: kllmnt97@gmil.om, kspuoh@gmil.om ABSTRACT A simpl on-pot grn pproh or th iosynthsis o gol nnoprtils (AuNPs) y ruing hlorouri i (HAuCl 4) with xtrt o Xnthium strumrium or Xnthium Inium Kon is sri. Th iosynthsiz nw mtrils wr xtnsivly hrtriz y UV Visil sptrosopy, FT-IR, XRD, SEM n TEM nlysis. Th ormtion o Gol nnoprtils rom plnt mtril ws onirm. TEM img rvl tht most o th prtils wr oun in sphril shp with siz rnging rom 9.60 nm to nm. Th siz, shp n purity wr wll nlyz. Th iologil proil suh s In vitro ntitril tivity n In vitro ntiungl tivity ws invstigt n shows th signiin o thir pplition towrs iologil tivity. Kywors: Nnoprtils, iologil tivity, Xnthium Inium Kon, AuNPs, Grn Synthsis RASĀYAN. All rights rsrv INTRODUCTION In rnt yrs, nnothnology omin with othr rnhs o sin is th min growing r o rsrh. 1-3 Dvlopmnt o nw iomtrils using mtl n nonmtl nnoprtils hs n xtnsivly rviw in th litrtur. 4-7 Mor spiilly, th vlopmnt o iosynthsiz nnoprtils n thir utility, pplitions is on o th importnt rsrh in th onrn o nvironmntl hmistry. Grn Synthsis, whih provis nit ovr onvntionl mtho s it is ost-tiv, o-rinly, sily sl up or lrg-sl synthsis n th prsnt mtho is no n o high prssur, nrgy, tmprtur n toxi hmils. 6 Grn pproh or th synthsis o nnoprtils 8-10 is mjor ojtiv o rsrh in rnt yrs us o lss usg o hzrous hmils. Intrstingly, in th point o nnothnology onrn with th vlopmnt o immit n vry sy mthos o xprimntl protools or th synthsis o grn mtl-nnomtrils whih inlus wi rng o hmil ompositions n irnt siz. In th ontinution o our rsrh intrst on th grn synthsis o nnoprtils using vrious plnts n thir mtrils, w prsnt our rport in this mnusript on th synthsis o gol nnoprtils using Xnthium strumrium L xtrt. Xnthium strumrium or Xnthium Inium J. Konig x Rox. is spis o nnul plnts long to th Astr mily n ommonly known s Coklur It my origint in North Amri n hs n xtnsivly spr out lswhr. Howvr, Smll quntitis o this plnt my onsum, ut ss o this plnt shoul not tn in lrg quntitis us o thir toxi hmil roxytrtylosi. Th plnt s root n ruit, is us s tritionl miin. It is us or th isss luorm, iliousnss, poisonous its o insts, pilpsy, slivtion n vr. This plnt s l mtril hs n oun to hv strong ntimiroil tivity n thr is no toxi. This plnt hs vrious usul iologil tivitis n oun in litrtur Howvr, mtl pp nno-siz mtril with this plnt is not yt known. To th st o our knowlg, this is th irst rport on gol nnoprtil using Xnthium Rsyn J. Chm., 11(4), (2018)
2 strumrium L xtrt. In this ppr, w rport our rnt rsrh on grn pproh or th synthsis o Xnthium strumrium L xtrt mit gol nnoprtil, thir hrtriztion n Antitril, Antiungl Stuis. Th protool us in this work is vry simpl, grnr, o-rinly, n no othr pping gnt rquir. EXPERIMENTAL Smpl Colltion Th rsh lvs o Xnthium strumrium wr ollt rom plymkotti in Tirunlvli istrit o Tmil Nu, Ini. Prprtion o Xnthium Strumrium L Extrt Th rsh lvs o Xnthium strumrium wr iniviully ollt n wsh thoroughly with ol wtr to rmov ny ris n ust tth to th lvs n thn with istill wtr, up to 10 ys sh ri n in powr ws prpr y using mhnil grinr. 5 grm o th in powr ws mix with 200 ml -ioniz wtr n oil or 10 minuts t 50 o C using wtr th. Th xtrt ws iltr with Whtmnn iltr No.1 ppr to gt th lr quous xtrt. Th iltrt ws us or th synthsis o gol nnoprtils. Biosynthsis o Gol Nnoprtils Chrorouri i (HAuCl 4) ws us s riv. 90 ml o 1mM solution o hlorouri i n 10 ml o Xnthium strumrium l xtrt ws rop wisly. Th olor hng is osrv rom pl yllow to r in olor. Th rtion mixtur is stirr or 5 minuts t room tmprtur. This olor hng lrly inits tht th rution o gol (Au + ) to Au nnoprtils y th plnt mtrils. Th orm mtrils wr us or urthr invstigtions. Th orm pripitt wsh with wtr svrl tims to rmov i ny impuritis prsnt. Finlly, w otin rk rown olor soli mss whih is ri in hot ir ovn t 60 C or 24 h. Th ully ri rk rown olor powr ws kpt in ir tight ontinr n us or urthr nlysis. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Th synthsis o gol nnoprtils using Xnthium strumrium l xtrt ws omplish y th ormntion prour. Th nits o th synthsis r i) it n prorm in minuts rthr thn hours, (ii) unr vry mil onitions, (iii) without using ny pping gnt. W osrv th olor hng rom yllow to r n it inits th ormtion o gol nnoprtils vi rution o gol y quous plnt xtrt. Th ormtion o gol nnoprtil is onirm y UV Vis sorption sptrum n it show th sur plsmon n t roun 553 nm n it show in Fig.-1. FTIR nlysis show tht rution m y roxyl n loholi groups thos r prsnt in th lvs o plnt xtrt. Th omprison o FT-IR sptr lrly shows tht th nnoprtil ins with nturl prout (Chrtristi ns o roxyli n loholi groups, S Fig.-2) n m G o l n n o p r t i l s 1. 2 s6rn w v 3 n g t h ( n m ) Fig.-1: UV Sptrum o Gol Nnoprtil using Xnthium strumrium L Extrt 1545
3 100 G o l n n o p r ti l Trnsmittn > p l n t x tr t 60 ) X n th iu m p l n t x tr t ) G o l n n o p r ti l w vnuum r m Fig.-2: IR Anlysis o Gol Nnoprtil n Xnthium strumrium L Extrt Th prsn o gol n its oxition stt ws onirm y powr X-ry irtion pttrn. Two tht vlus roun 38 n 44 lrly init th prsn o gol in zro oxition stt n shown in Fig (1 1 1 ) G o l n n o p r t i l (2 2 0 ) (2 0 0 ) Intnsity T h t g r Fig.-3: Powr XRD Pttrn o Gol Nnoprtil using Xnthium strumrium L Extrt Anlysis o SEM n TEM lrly init th shp o th prtils (Fig.-4 n Fig.-5). TEM img lrly rvl tht nnoprtils wr oun in sphril shp with siz rnging rom 9.60 nm to nm (Fig.-4). Th EDX nlysis shows th prsn o gol, oxygn, ron. Th rsults lrly initing tht plnt mtril is rit with gol. EDX nlysis is shown in Fig
4 Fig.-4: TEM Imgs o Gol Nnoprtil using Xnthium strumrium L Extrt Fig.-5: SEM Imgs o AuNPs using Xnthium strumrium Lvs Extrt ps/v Au K O C Au Si K C Au C kv Fig.-6: EDX Anlysis o AuNPs using Xnthium strumrium Lvs Extrt 1547
5 Anti-Miroil Stuis Th ntitril tivity ws trmin y wll iusion mthos. 12 Pthogni tri, suh s Stphyloous urus (MTCC 96) n Psuomons ruginos (MTCC 2453) Eshrihi oli (MTCC 443), Klsill pnumoni (MTCC 530), n Billus sutilis (MTCC 441) wr us or in vitro ntimiroil tivity. Ths slt pthogni strins wr purhs rom Miroil Typ Cultur Colltion, IMTECH, Chnigrh. Th rsults r shown in Tl-1, Fig.-7 n Fig.-8. Th ntiungl tivity o Xnthium strumrium NPs ws trmin y wll iusion mthos. 11 Fiv ungl strins suh s, Asprgillus nigr (MTCC 281), Asprgillus lvus (MTCC 277), Asprgillus trrus (MTCC 1782) Fusrium oxysporum (MTCC 284) n Cni lins (MTCC 227) wr us or in vitro ntiungl tivity. Th Xnthium strumrium NPs o smpl l ws tivly inhiit th ll tst pthogns t highr tst onntrtions. Th lowst onntrtion o 50 µg/wll i not show th inhiition. Th rsults r shown in Tl-2 n Fig.-9 n 10. Antitril Stuis Th ntitril tivity o Xnthium strumrium NPs ws trmin y wll iusion mthos Aout 25 ml o moltn Mullr Hinton gr ws pour into stril Ptri plt (Himi, Mumi, Ini). Th plts wr llow to soliiy, tr whih 18 h grown (OD just to 0.6) 100 µl o orsi pthogni tri wr trnsrr onto plt n m ultur lwn y using stril L-ro sprr. Atr 5 minuts stting o th pthogni miros, stril ork orr ws us to mk 5 mm wll on th gr. Th tst smpls wr issolv in stril slin n thn lo into wlls with vrious onntrtions suh s 25 µg/wll, 50 µg/wll, 75 µg/wll n 100 µg/wll. Th solvnt slin lo wll srv s ngtiv ontrol n Azithromyin (30µg/ml) wll srv s positiv ontrol. Th smpls wr inut t 37 C in 40 W lorsnt light sour (~ 400 nm) or 24 h. Th ntitril tivity Xnthium strumrium NPs wr trmin y msuring th imtr o th zon o inhiition roun th wll using ntiioti zon sl. Figur-7 n 8 show th ntitril stuy o Xnthium strumrium NPs. Tl-1: Antitril tivity o Xnthium strumrium NPs S. No. Nm o orgnisms Zon o inhiition(mm) Conntrtion (µg/wll ) Azithromyin (30) 1 Stphyloous urus Eshrihi oli Psuomons ruginos Klsill pnumoni Billus sutilis Antiungl Stuis Fiv ungl strins suh s, Asprgillus nigr (MTCC 281), Asprgillus lvus (MTCC 277), Asprgillus trrus (MTCC 1782) Fusrium oxysporum (MTCC 284) n Cni lins (MTCC 227) wr us or in vitro ntiungl tivity. Ths slt strins wr otin rom MTCC. In vitro Antiungl Ativity Th ntiungl tivity o Xnthium strumrium NPs ws trmin y wll iusion mthos Aout 25 ml o potto xtros gr ws pour into stril Ptri ish. Th plts wr llow to soliiy, tr whih two ys grw ungl is (5 mm) o mylil ungl pthogns wr pl sprtly on to th mi o th gr plt n wlls wr m. For yst ungi, 18 h grown ultur ws st to 0.6 OD n sw using stril otton sw. Th tst smpl ws issolv in stril wtr n lo into wlls with vrious onntrtions suh s 25 µg/wll, 50 µg/wll, 75 µg/wll, 100 µg/wll. Th lotrimzol wll srv s positiv ontrol. All th rug-lo plts wr kpt or 72 h. Th ntiungl tivity ws trmin y msuring th imtr o th zon o inhiition roun th wll using ntiioti zon sl. Th tst mtril ws tivly inhiit th ll tst pthogns t highr tst onntrtions. Th lowst onntrtion o 50 µg/wll i not show th inhiition. Th rsults sptrum o th tst rug ws givn in th Tl
6 Stphyloous urus Eshrihi oli Psuomons ruginos Klsill pnumoni Billus sutilis 0 25 mg/wll 50 mg/wll 75 mg/wll 100 mg/wll 30 mg/wll (Azithromyin) Fig.-7: Antitril Ativity o Xnthium strumrium NPs Fig.-8: In vitro ntitril tivity: 1. Stphyloous urus, 2. Eshrihi oli, 3. Psuomons ruginos, 4. Klsill pnumoni, 5. Billus sutilis [: 0 µg/wll; : 25 µg/wll; : 50 µg/wll; : 75 µg/wll; : 100 µg/wll; : 30 µg/wll (Azithromyin) ] Asprgillus lvus Asprgillus nigr Asprgillus trrus Cni lins Fusrium Oxysporum Fig.-9: Antiungl Ativity o Nnoprtil Smpl 1549
7 Tl-2: Antiungl Ativity o Nnoprtil Smpl S. No. Nm o Orgnisms Zon o Inhiition(mm) Conntrtion (µg/wll ) Clotrimzol (30) 1 Asprgillus lvus Asprgillus nigr Asprgillus trrus Cni lins Fusrium Oxysporum Asprgillus lvus, 2. Asprgillus nigr, 3. Asprgillus trrus, 4. Cni lins, 5. Fusrium Oxysporum [: 0 µg/wll; : 25 µg/wll; : 50 µg/wll; : 75 µg/wll; : 100 µg/wll; : 30 µg/wll (Clotrimzol )] Fig.-10: In vitro Antiungl Ativity CONCLUSION In summry, grn, novl synthsis o gol nnoprtil io-rit with Xnthium strumrium lvs xtrt is hiv in th irst tim. Th protool prsnt in this work is vry simpl, grnr n no n pping gnt. Th synthsiz nnoprtils r wll hrtriz using suitl mthos. Th shp o th nnoprtil is sphril shp n rng rom 9.60 nm to nm. In vitro ntimiroil tivity n in vitro ntiungl lso stui n oun to hv onsirl tivity. ACKNOWLEDGMENT W grtully knowlg to Cntrl Instrumnttion Unit o Cntrl Eltrohmil Rsrh Institut (CECRI), Krikui, Tmilnu or proviing th ility o SEM, TEM n EDX n Intrntionl Rsrh Cntr, Klslingm Univrsity, Krishnnkoil, Tmilnu or proviing th ility o UV, FT- IR n XRD. REFERENCES 1. G. Srgv, J. Nnoprtil Rs., 5, 529 (2003), DOI: /B:NANO P. Sthishkumr, F. L. Gu, Q. Zhn, T. Plvnnn, A. R. M. Yuso, Mtrils Lttrs, 210, 26 (2018), DOI: /j.mtlt M. A. El-Sy, A. Chm. Rs. 34, 257 (2001), DOI: /r960016n 4. G. Srgv, T. Shtin, Collois Sur A : Physiohm. Eng. Aspts, 313, 18 (2008), DOI: /j.olsur T. K. Su, C. J. Murphy, J. Am. Chm. So. 126, 8648 (2004), DOI: /j n rrns thrin. 6. G. Pny, Rsyn J. Chm., 11, 942 (2018), DOI: /RJC L. Dykmn, N. Khltsov, Chm. So. Rv., 41, 2256 (2012), DOI: /1s A omprhnsiv rviw on Biosynthsis: S, S. Mnon, S. Rjshkumr, S. VnktKumr, Rsour-Eiint Thnologis, 3, 516 (2017), DOI: /j.rit
8 9. S.K. Kumr, R.A.P. Arumugm, S. Brhmns, ACS Appl. Mtr. Intrs 3, 1418 (2011), DOI: /m200443j 10. P. Kumr, P. Singh, K. Kumri, S. Mozumr, R. Chnr, Mtrils Lttrs, 65, 595 (2011), DOI: /j.mtlt D. P. Pny, M. A. Rthr. Int J ChmTh Rs, 4, 266 (2012). 12. A. Kmoj, A. K. Sluj, Int. J. Grn Phrm.4, 129 (2010), DOI: / Holr I. A.; Boy S. T. Burns, 20, 426 (1994), DOI: / (94) C. T. Hnoko, A. Hu, M. D. Bustn, B.Yuono, F. Gulo, Rsyn J. Chm., 10(4), 1137 (2017), DOI: /RJC P. Sugit, S. Ary, A.Ilmiwti, B. Ariin, Rsyn J. Chm., 10, 707 (2017), DOI: /RJC [RJC-4044/2018] 1551
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