ISSI Meeting - Bern, Switzerland, March Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamiics
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1 ISSI Meeting - Bern, Switzerland, March 214 3D simulations of atmospheric response caused by precipitating electrons and solar protons at both polar regions induced by geomagnetic storms Alexei Krivolutsky alexei.krivolutsky@rambler.ru Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamiics Central Aerological Observatory (CAO), Dolgoprudny, Russia
2 Outline 1. Particles-Ionization-Chemistry mechanism. 2. Ionization rates caused by the particles (October-November, 23; HEPPA). 3. Models description 4. Particle effects in composition 5. Particle effects in temperature and dynamics 6. Conclusions
3 Daily averaged energy values of solar protons during (1-1 MeV, GOES data) Averaged energy of protons (MeV) July 14 Nov. 4 Oct
4 N and OH production caused by cosmic rays (Jackman et al., 1976; Heaps, 1978; Solomon and Crutzen, 1981) 7 km 5 N OH molecular / ion pair
5 Ionization rates 75 N (66 km) caused by energetic particles during October-November 23 (calculated by Maik Wissing) 1E+11 1E+1 [ p ] [ e ] [ alfa ] Ionization raites 1E+9 1E+8 1E+7 75 N 66 km 1E+6 1E Hours after 26 October 23 (: UT)
6 Ionizatin raites Ionization rates caused at 75 S (66 km) by energetic particles during October-November 23 (calculated by Maik Wissing) 1E+11 1E+1 1E+9 1E+8 1E+7 [ p ] [ e ] [ alfa ] 75 S 66 km 1E+6 1E Hours after 26 October 23 (: UT)
7 Calculated Ionization rates caused by solar protons at 66 km (6 AM 28 October 23) 6H 28oct p 35 longitude latitude 1.5E+1 9.E+9 7.E+9 5.E+9 3.E+9 1.E+9.E+
8 longitude Calculated Ionization rates caused by solar protons at 66 km (6 PM 28 October 23) H 28oct p latitude 1.4E+9 1.2E+9 1.E+9 8.E+8 6.E+8 4.E+8 2.E+8.E+
9 Calculated Ionization rates caused by relativistic electrons at 66 km (6 AM 28 October 23) 35 6H 28oct E longitude latitude 1.4E+1 1.2E+1 1.E+1 8.E+9 6.E+9 4.E+9 2.E+9.E+
10 Calculated Ionization rates caused by electrons at 66 km (6 PM 28 October 23) 35 18H 28oct E longitude latitude 1.7E+1 1.5E+1 1.3E+1 1.1E+1 9.E+9 7.E+9 5.E+9 3.E+9 1.E+9.E+
11 Ionization rates induced by solar protons at 75 N km hours after 27 October E+1 1.6E+1 1.4E+1 1.2E+1 1.E+1 8.E+9 6.E+9 4.E+9 2.E+9.E+
12 Ionization rates caused relativistic electrons at 75 N km E+9 3.6E+9 3.2E+9 2.8E+9 2.4E+9 2.E+9 1.6E+9 1.2E+9 8.E+8 4.E+8.E hours after 27 October 23
13 Ionization rates caused by relativistic electrons at 85 S IO_e_85S km hours after 27 October 23 9.E+9 8.E+9 7.E+9 6.E+9 5.E+9 4.E+9 3.E+9 2.E+9 1.E+9.E+
14 CHARM CHemical Atmospheric Research Model equations (-9 km): Model µ µ µ µ + U + V + W = P L AD µ t a cosθ λ a θ z P, L photochemical Sources and Losses U, V, W wind components (from ARM) Number of gas-phase reactions 73; number of photolysis reactions - 38 Chemical families method - Turco, Whitten, 1974 Advection scheme: Prather, 1986
15 Ozone mixing ratio (ppmv) for 1st January (3D simulation with CAO model)
16 NO mixing ratio (ppbv) for 1st January (3D simulations with CAO model)
17 HNO3 mixing ratio (ppbv) for 1st January (3D simulations with CAO model)
18 N2O mixing ratio (ppbv) for 1st January (3D photochemical simulations)
19 ClNO3 mixing ratio (ppbv) for 1st January (3D photochemical simulations)
20 ARM -Atmospheric Research Model (GCM) Altitudes: -135 км Resolutions: vertical 1 km; longitudinal 1 ; latitudinal 5 time step 5 min. Paramaterizations: Heating - О2, О3, Н2О (Strobel, 1978; Chou et al., 22); IR cooling- СО2, О3, H2O, NО ( Chou et al., 22; Fomichev, 23; Kockarts, 19), GWs (Lindzen, 1981) Planetary waves at lower boundary
21 Temperature of the atmosphere for July (ARM model runs)
22 Zonal wind (m/s) for January (ARM model runs) Height Latitude
23 Tidal component (D) in zonal wind for 18 July
24 Tidal component (SD) in zonal wind for 18 July
25 Longitude 3D Simulation of ozone response (%) at 66 km induced by joint effect of energetic particles (54 hours after - UT 26 October 23) Latitude
26 3D Simulation of ozone response (%) at 66 km induced by joint effect of solar protons and precipitating electrons (66 hours after - UT 26 October 23) Longitude latitude
27 3D Simulation of NOy response (ppbv) at 66 km induced by joint effect of solar protons and precipitating electrons (54 hours after - UT 26 October 23) km latitude
28 Longitude 3D Simulation of NOy response (ppbv) at 66 km induced by joint effect of solar protons and precipitating electrons (66 hours after - UT 26 October 23) latitude
29 3D Simulation of ozone response induced by joint effect of solar protons and precipitating electrons (28 October UT) Height Latitude
30 3D Simulation of ozone response induced by joint effect of solar protons and precipitating electrons (2 November UT) 1-5 Heigh(km) Latitude -5
31 3D Simulation of ozone response induced by joint effect of solar protons and precipitating electrons (4 November UT) Height(km) Latitude
32 3D Simulation of ozone response (%) at 75 N induced by joint effect of solar protons and precipitating electrons after 26 October 23 Height(km) Hours -5-55
33 3D Simulation of ozone response (%) at 75 S induced by joint effect of solar protons and precipitating electrons after 26 October 23 Height(km) Hours
34 Ozone response (%) at 75 N induced by solar protons after 27 October 23 (3D simulation) Height(km) Hours
35 Ozone response (%) at 75 S induced by solar protons after 27 October 23 (3D simulation) Height(km) Hours
36 Ozone response (%) at 75 N induced by electrons after 27 October 23 (3D simulation) Height(km) Hours
37 Ozone response (%) at 75 S induced by electrons after 27 October 23 (3D simulation) Height(km) Hours
38 Ozone response (%) at 75 N induced by alfa-particles after 27 October 23 (3D simulation) Height(km) Hours
39 Ozone response (%) at 75 S induced by alfa particles after 27 October 23 (3D simulation) Height(km) Hours
40 OH response at 66 km induced by joint effect of energetic particles for 11- UT 28 October 23 (3D model simulations) 35 Longitude Latitude 1.E+7 8.E+6 6.E+6 4.E+6 2.E+6.E+
41 NOy response (%) induced by energetic particles in at 75 N
42 NOy response (%) induced by energetic particles in at 75 S
43 Simulated O3 response (%) induced by energetic particles in at 75 N
44 O3 response (%) induced by energetic particles in at 75 S
45 Temperature changes induced by SPE (ARM model runs) Height(km) Latitude
46 Changes in zonal wind (m/s) induced by SPE of (ARM model runs) Height (km) Latitude
47 Changes in zonal wind magnitudes (absolute values) induced by SPE for 4 November 12- UT 23 (simulations with ARM) Height(km) Latitude
48 Changes in temperature caused by SPE at 72 km (GCM model runs) Latitude Hours after [12:]
49 Changes in UV heating (K/day) at 72 km caused by SPE on 1st of November 12- UT 23 (GCM simulations) Latitude Hours after [12:]
50 Changes in zonal wind induced by SPE at 72 km (GCM model runs) Latitude Hours after [12:]
51 GWs input to SPE-induced temperature changes (K/day) on (GCM model runs) Height [km] Latitude
52 Changes in zonal wind (m/s/day) induced by GWs on as simulated by GCM Height [km] Latitude
53 Changes in absolute values of zonal wind (m/s) initiated by particle-caused ozone depletion at 75 N (simulations with GCM)
54 Changes in absolute values of zonal wind (m/s) initiated by particle-caused ozone depletion at 75 S (simulations with GCM)
55 Changes in absolute values of zonal wind (m/s) initiated by particle-caused ozone depletion at 75 N (simulations with GCM)
56 Changes in temperature (K) initiated by particle-caused ozone depletion at 75 N (simulations with GCM)
57 Changes in temperature (K) initiated by particle-caused ozone depletion at 75 N (simulations with GCM)
58 Changes in temperature (K) on global scale initiated by particle-caused ozone depletion at 37 km (simulations with GCM)
59 Conclusions 1) Energetic particles change chemical composition and transform wind and temperature fields via ozone depletion. 2) Such effects may induce long-term consequences due to downward transport during polar night. 3) The interaction between chemistry and dynamics leads to temperature effects in the troposphere.
60 Thank you for your attention!
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