Nanotube Molecular Transporters

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Elijah George
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1 Nanotube Molecular Transporters N a n o c h e m i s t ry P r e s e n t a t i o n H s i a o - N u n g C h e n C h e m i s t ry & b i o c h e m i s t ry d e p a rt m e n t U t a h s t a t e u n i v e r s i t y

Abstract Since I start studying about drugs and antibiotics, I found that using those drugs in human body will involve some side effects and poor cellular penetration.

2 Abstract Since I start studying about drugs and antibiotics, I found that using those drugs in human body will involve some side effects and poor cellular penetration. Especially antibiotic and anti cancer drug. Molecular transporter provides a good solution for this problem. Then now, the new material nanotube used as transporter can improve the ability of drug targeting and delivery due to its unique properties.

3 Outline I. Background Physical and chemical properties of Carbon nanotube Drug targeting and delivery II. Synthesis nanotube transporter and result of CNTs interacts with cells III. Result and Conclusion

4 The unique physical properties of carbon nanotube The highest strength of any material. The highest thermal conductivity. Do not dissipate heat due to metallic CNTs transport electric current ballistically.

5 The research interest has begun focus on chemical properties of CNTs.

6 relative curvatures, the caps seem to be much more reactive than the walls of the nanotubes, and are readily lost during chemical processing. The chemical aspects of carbon nanotube science have only been under investigation for about five years, but in this short time the present issue of Accounts documents impressive progress. Functionalization of carbon nanotube (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) Functionalization hasfair been demonstrated the Nevertheless, it seems to say that the real at opportunities carbon nanotube chemistry still lie in the ends andforwalls. future. There is probably no other material with so much potential, but which offers so many challenges: from the The capsofand ends are much 8-12 more than theirreactive purification preparation the carbon nanotubes; thecatalyst walls. residues, carbon nanoparticles, and amorfrom phous carbon; their separation according to length, These structure should result in a class of organic! 2002 American Chemical Society molecules with the potential for broad applications /ar020259h CCC: $22.00 Published on Web 12/17/2002 Haddon, R. C.; Acc. Chem. Res.; 2002; 35(12); (12) Nan Scie Hu, Dim tube Ebb Nan Iijim Diam Beth R.; V Nan 605Thes C.; L G. E of M Jour Cha Scal Elec V

7 Possible functionalization of SWNTS A. Defect-group functionlization, B. Covalent sidewall functionalization, C. Noncovalent exohedral funcationalization with surfactants, D. Noncovalent exohedral functionalization with polymers, E. Endohedral functionalization with, for example, C60. Andreas Hirsch, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 1853

8 Drug targeting and drug delivery Increasing the localization to specific organs, tissues or cells. Decreasing the activity and potential toxic side effect at normal sensitive site. Controlled drug delivery involves the association of a drug with a carrier system.

9 Why using transporter? It is necessitated because the poor cellular penetration of many small drug molecules or macromolecules including proteins and nuclear acids. A poorly permeating drug is covalently attached to a transporter to produce a cellpenetrating conjugate. Several classes of transporters have been investigated including lipids, PEGs*...etc. *Poly-ethylene glycol

10 Introduction of new material - nanotubes Highly efficient molecular deliver into mammalian cells. No apparent toxicity effects observed.

ord, California 94305 Synthesis and schematic of various SWNT conjugates wenderp@stanford.

Sonicated for 30 min, than refluxed again for another 36 hr. Filtered through a polycarbonate filter (100 nm).

11 ord, California Synthesis and schematic of various SWNT conjugates SWNT was obtained by laser ablation, then mixed with 2.5M HNO3. The mixture was refluxed for ~36 hrs. Sonicated for 30 min, than refluxed again for another 36 hr. Filtered through a polycarbonate filter (100 nm). Re-suspended in pure water by sonication, then centrifuged at 7000 rpm for remove any large unreacted impurities. Shi Kam, N. W.; Jessop, T. C.; Wender. P. A.; Dai, H.; J. Am. Chem. Soc.; 2004; 126(22);

12 . Jessop, Paul A. Wender,* and Hongjie Dai* ord UniVersity, Stanford, California Synthesis and schematic of : hdai@stanford.edu; wenderp@stanford.edu various SWNT conjugates nd ar of es ly te ve ly to le ls of n, w nd th Figure 1. Synthesis and schematic of various SWNT conjugates. (a) EDC, 5-(5-aminopentyl)thioureidyl fluorescein, phosphate buffer; (b) EDC, biotina. EDC*, 5-(5-aminopentyl)thioureidyl, phosphate buffer. LC-PEO-amine, phosphate buffer; (c) fluoresceinated streptavidin. b. EDC, biotin-lc-peo-amine, phosphate buffer. c. Fluoresceinated streptavidin. *1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide Shi Kam, N. W.; Jessop, T. C.; Wender. P. A.; Dai, H.; J. Am. Chem. Soc.; 2004; 126(22);

13 Synthesis and schematic of various SWNT conjugate The result of CNTs nopentyl)thioureidyl fluorescein, phosphate buffer; (b) E interaction with cell amine, phosphate buffer; (c) fluoresceinated streptav Shi Kam, N. W.; Jessop, T. C.; Wender. P. A.; Dai, H.; J. Am. Chem. Soc.; 2004; 126(22);

14 The result of CNTs COMMUNICATIONS interaction with cell Figure 3. Flow cytometry data. (a) Fluorescence histogram for untreated cells (red curve), cells after 1 h incubation in a solution containing Alexa Fluor-labeled SA only (green curve) and after 1 h incubation in a solution of 4 (blue curve). (b) Mean green fluorescence of cells vs time of incubation in 4 ([SWNT] ) 0.05 mg/ml). (c) Mean green fluorescence of cells vs concentration of 4 for 1 h incubation. 2d) we aro (Fi (SW see con in t I sho mo her the itse as The Shi Kam, N. W.; Jessop, T. C.; Wender. P. A.; Dai, H.; J. Am. Chem. Soc.; 2004; 126(22);

15 Conclusion The nanotubes can be modified and have shown that these can be derivatized to enable attachment of small molecules and proteins. The functionalized SWNT has ability to enter cell and by themselves are not toxic. The uptake pathway is consistent with endocytosis.

16 Conclusion The SWNT can be exploited as molecular transporters for various cargos. The biocompatibility, unique physical, electrical, optical, and mechanical properties of SWNT provide the basis for new classes of materials for drug, protein, and gene delivery applications.

17 Reference 1. Shi Kam, N. W.; Jessop, T. C.; Wender. P. A.; Dai, H.; J. Am. Chem. Soc.; 2004; 126(22); Haddon, R. C.; Acc. Chem. Res.; 2002; 35(12); BBendas, G.; BioDrugs; 2001; 15(4);

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