Studies on the interactions among Phaseolous vulgaris. Tetranychus urticae Koch Amblyseius fallacis Garman

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1 * 12 1** Y - Amblyseius fallacis Garman - Tetranychus urticae Koch α - Studies on the interactions among Phaseolous vulgaris Tetranychus urticae and Amblyseius fallacis SUN Yue-Hua 12 ZHI Jun-Rui 1** 1. Institute of EntomologyGuizhou University The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous RegionGuiyang China 2. Anshun CollegeAnshun China Abstract The relative preferences of Amblyseius fallacis Garman for healthy host plantsmechanically injured host plants and host plants infested with the spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch were determined using a Y-tube olfactometer and leaf disc test. The composition and relative contents of the volatiles of healthymechanically injured and mite infested Phaseolous vulgaris host plants were analyzed and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectra GC / MS. The results showed that odors from the leaves plants that hador wereinfested with T. urticaewhich included plants with plants without and plants without mites or their feceswere significantly more attractive to A. fallacis than either mechanically injured or healthy plants. A. fallacis could be attracted by the odors from mechanically injured plants and healthy plants to which T. urticae feces had been addedbut showed a greater preference for odors from mite-infested plants. The composition and content of volatiles differed significantly between healthymechanically injured and mite-infested plants. The volatiles of plants infested with T. urticae had more components than those from mechanically injured or healthy plantsand were of higher molecular weight. Methoxy-phenyloxime2 4-di-tert-butylphenol E E -α-farnesenejunipene and alkyl comprised the greater proportion of the volatiles collected from all three kinds of plants. Key words Amblyseius fallacistetranychus urticaephaseolous vulgarisselectivityvolatile substance Tetranychus urticae Koch Amblyseius fallacis Garman Park 2009 and Lee * J ** jrzhi@ yahoo. com. cn

2 d Y - 25 ± 1 75 ± 5% Vinson 1976 Y - Vet and Dicke 1992 Blaakweer et al Eller et al Budenberg1990 Eller and Heeath 1990 Dicke Y - et al Tumlinson et al min Dicke et al Y ' ~ ' 26 11' ~ ' cm 2 h 25 ± 1 2 h 75% ± 5% L D = h / 6 / /3 3 s cm 15 cm 1 cm GC / MS 5 d 200 g 2 L PPQ Parapack Q 30 h 20 h 0. 2 L / min 20 min ~ 250 lx 1 ml

3 GC / MS HP - 5MS 5% Phenyl Methyl Siloxane 30 m mm μm 50 1 min 5 min min 250 He % psi 1. 0 ml min μl 20 1 EI ev μa V min 10 ~ 550 amu s 1 3 Excel 2007 SPSS Duncan s t P = t Table 1 1 Olfactory response of Amblyseius fallacis to various treatment plants of Phaseolous vulgaris No. Odor sources Selection percentage Comparison t Selection percentage t-test ± ± ± with feces of spider mites ± * ± ± * 4 Infested plant with spider mites ± ± ** 5 mites ± but with their feces ± ** 6 mites ± ± ** ± - P > 0. 05* < P < ** P < t 2 The data in the table are mean ± SE. indicate the difference was not significant at level. * indicate significant difference at level **indicate extremely significant difference at level by t-test. The same for Table 2.

4 E E - α Z β - E Di - tert - butyl oxaspiro 4 5 deca diene dione Di - tert-butyl-1-oxaspiro 4 5 deca diene dione β β - 3 E E - α α

5 Table 2 Olfactory response of Amblyseius fallacis to the volatiles from various treatment plants of Phaseolous vulgaris No. 1 The first odor source Selection percentage 2 The second odor source t Selection percentage t-test ± with feces of spider mites ± * ± ± ± ± ** ± Infested plant with spider ± ** ± ± ** with feces of ± spider mites with feces of ± spider mites with feces of ± spider mites with feces of ± spider mites ± ± ± mites ± mites ± Infested plant with spider mites ± ± ± * Infested plant with spider ± ** ± ** ± ** Infested plant with spider ± ** ± ** ± Infested plant with spider mites ± ±

6 Table 3 3 The amount of Amblyseius fallacis on different treatments leaves of Phaseolous vulgaris Different treatment leave The amount of insects / leaf Selection percentage Healthy leave Healthy leave with feces of spider mites Artificial damaged leave Infested leave without spider Infested leave without spider Infested leave with spider Wandering ± dc ± ± bc ± ± dc ± ± dc ± ± b ± ± a ± ± d ± ± P < 0. 05Duncan The data in the table are mean ± SE. Means followed by different letters within a column are significant difference at level by Duncan s multiple-range test. Table 4 4 Composition and relative contents of the volatiles from various treatment plants of Phaseolous vulgaris Volatile Volatile component English name Chinese name Artificial Infested damaged plant plant Palmitic acid ND ND Fatty acids Oleic acid ND ND Stearic acid ND ND Myristic acid ND ND Di-tert-butyl-1-oxaspiro 4 5 deca-6-9-diene-2 Green leaf volatile 8-dione ND Z-3-hexenyl acetate ND Nonanal ND Camphor ND Z-3-Hexanal Z-3- ND Decanal ND Octanal ND Ethylacetophenone ND Methyl-5-hepten-2-one ND Ethylhexanol 2- ND Ethyl-Benzaldehyde 3- ND Cyclohexanone ND ND Di-isobutyl phthalate ND ND

7 Volatile Volatile component English name Chinese name Artificial Infested damaged plant plant E-2-Hexanal E-2- ND ND Ethylacetophenone 3- ND ND Nitrogenous compound Methoxy-phenyl-oxime α-pinene α Terpenes Limonene E E -α-farnesene E E -α Junipene β- Pinene β- ND Adacene 1- ND ND E-48-Dimethyl nonatriene ND ND Alkanes Other volatiles O-Diethylbenzene P-Diethylbenzene Ethylbenzene ND O-Xylene ND Di-tert-butylphenol P-Xylene Naphthalene ND Styrene ND Dimethyl-naphthalene 1 6- ND ND Unknown ND ND ND ND means not be detected in this test. 3 Y- 3 2 h Dicke et al Dicke et al Y- Y- 5 min Di - tert - butyl oxaspiro 4 5 deca diene dione 1 6 -

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9 natural enemies in a tritrophic context. Annu. Rev. Entomol Vinson SB1976. Host selection by insect parasitoid. Annu. Rev. Entomol l 櫛櫛櫛櫛櫛櫛櫛櫛櫛櫛櫛櫛櫛櫛櫛櫛櫛櫛櫛櫛櫛櫛櫛櫛櫛櫛櫛櫛櫛櫛櫛櫛櫛櫛櫛櫛櫛櫛櫛櫛櫛櫛櫛櫛櫛櫛櫛 殤 檻檻 殤 殤 檻檻檻檻檻檻檻檻檻檻檻檻 殤 Melitaea cinxia L. Melitaea cinxia L. the Glanville Fritillary butterfly 5 7 Veronica spicata