College of engineering/ Babylon University, Babylon, Iraq

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1 Experimentl Investigtion of Three Phse Flow (Liquid-Gs-Solid) in Horizontl Pipe Riydh S. Al-Turihi Deprtment of Mehnil Engineering Astrt: -The study of three phse flow in horizontl nd vertil pipe re importnt phenomen in oil nd gs industry due to extrting proess involve liquid, solid nd gs phse. The effet of the prtile mount, the dishrge of gs nd liquid hve investigted experimentlly on pressure distriution in horizontl pipe hve een studied in this work. The work rried out for horizontl pipe with outer dimeter (3.175 m). A spheril stinless steel hs used s solid prtile. Air nd wter hve used s gs nd liquid phse respetively. Three different mount of gs dishrge used nmely 8.34, 16.67nd 25 L/min. As well s, three different mount of liquid dishrge used whih re, 25, 30 nd 35 L/min. It hs found tht the pressure distriution long horizontl pipe derese with inrese the ir, liquid nd prtile mount. Key words: Prtile, multiphse flow, gs-sold, three phse flow, horizontl pipe, pressure flutution I. INTRODUCTION Nowdys, the needs to further investigtion for multiphse flow hve inresed due to wide vriety of pplition suh s oil-gs industry, hemil industry nd energy onsumption et. A numerous experimentl nd numeril studies hve rried out for the three phse (gs-liquid-solid) flow. Moreover, YONG et l. (2001) [8] hve investigted hrteristis of gs-liquid-solid flow ehvior in riser with three phse irulting fluidized ed. By dopting the hos method to nlyze the lol gs holdup, solid holdup distriution nd pressure flututions. Mohn et l. (2003) [5] hve studied the dynmis of gs-liquid/gs-liquid-solid flows in ylindril ule olumns using experiments nd CFD simultions. The low frequeny osilltions orresponding to the lol reirultory flow were hrterized using wll pressure flutution mesurements. Eulerin-Eulerin two-/three phse simultions were rried out with fous on hrterizing the dynmi properties of gs-liquid/gs liquid- solid flows. The effets of superfiil gs veloity, H/D rtio nd solid loding on the dynmi nd time verged flow ehvior were studied experimentlly nd omputtionlly. Bello et l. (2005) [1] hve mesured the snd holdup in suh oil-gs-snd multiphse prodution nd pipeline trnsporttion systems. The lol snd holdup mesured under onditions nlogous to the horizontl oil-gs-snd three-phse slug flow in pipelines. The results reveled the influene of operting onditions suh s gs, liquid veloities nd snd prtile loding on the distriution of the lol snd prtile holdup in the College of engineering/ Bylon University, Bylon, Irq 33 horizontl ir-wter-snd multiphse slug flow pipe. Niels et l. (2007) [7] hve presented numeril simultion of gs-liquid-solid flows using omined Volume Of Fluid (VOF) nd Disrete Prtile (DP) pproh pplied for dispersed gs ules nd solid prtiles respetively present in the ontinuous liquid phse. Wng nd Yu (2008) [3] hve introdued numeril study of the gs liquid solid flow in hydro ylones with different shped vortex finder. In the mthemtil model, the turulent flow of gs nd liquid ws modeled using the Reynolds Stress Model, nd the interfe etween the liquid nd ir ore ws modeled using the Volume of Fluid multiphse model. The results used in the simultion of prtile flow desried y the stohsti Lgrngin model. The flow fetures were exmined in terms of flow field, pressure drop, split rtio reported to the underflow, prtile trjetories nd seprtion effiieny. Zhihong Li et l. (2011) [4] hve developed n Euler-Euler model to study the dynmis flow of three phse flow (gs-liquid-solid) through hnnel. Grnulr kineti theory ws pplied to del with the prtile phse. By study the effets of different inlet veloities nd inlined ngles of the hnnel. Tng et l. (2013) [6] hve studied mixing ehviors y simulted the three-dimensionl (3-D) gs-liquid solid flow in miro hnnels y oupled volume of fluid nd disrete phse method. In this pper, the experimentl study for three phse (liquid- gs - solid prtiles) flow in horizontl pipe nd pressure flutution long the horizontl pipe hs investigted. II. THE EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS AND PROCEDURE The experimentl rig hs uilt to mesure pressure grdient long the horizontl pipe for three phse flow nmely liquid, gs nd solid prtile s shown in figure (1). The experimentl rig hs designed with horizontl pipe length nd inner dimeter re (4 m) nd (3.175 m), respetively. The horizontl pipe inludes trnsprent test setion (glss pipe) with length (1m).The experimentl equipments inlude the following: 1. Min wter tnk with pity (1 m 3 ). 2. Air ompressor. It hs speifition pity of (0.5 m3) nd mximum pressure of (16 rs) 3. Solid prtiles tnk. 4. Flow meter hs used to ontrol the wter flow rte with rnge (5-40 l/min). 5. Air flow meter hs used to ontrol the ir flow rte with rnge ( l/hr).

2 6. Solid prtile regultor hs used to ontrol the solid prtile. 7. Wter pump with speifition quntity dishrge (0.08 m 3 /min) nd hed (8m). 8. Vlves nd piping system (3.175 m) 9. Solid prtile filter. 10. Pressure trnsduer sensors nd dt quisition whih re used to mesure the pressure ross the horizontl pipe with rnge of (0-1) r with ury (0.1..). The dt quisition hs onneted to personl omputer y using suitle progrm. 11. A Sony digitl video reorder of DCR-SR68E model with pity 80 GB with lens of Crl Zeiss Vrio- Tessr of 60 x optil, 2000 x digitl. It hs used to visulize the flow struture (pttern). The visulized dt re nlyzed y using AVS video onvertor softwre version 8.1. A typil sequene snpshots reorded y the mer using reording rte of 30 f/s. Experimentl were rried out to show the effet of different opertion onditions on pressure profile for horizontl pipe. Opertion onditions involve the flow dishrge of liquid, gs nd loding rtio of solid prtile. The seleted experimentl vlues re presented in tle (1). Flow dishrge of liquid(l/min) Flow dishrge of ir(l/min) loding rtio solid prtile(kg/se) Tle (1) the vlues of opertion onditions used in experimentl. THE EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES ARE: 1. Turn on the wter pump with initil vlue of wter dishrge (25 L/min). 2. Supply the ir from the ir ompressor with initil vlue of ir dishrge ( L/min) Open the regultor vlve for the solid prtile with initil vlue of solid prtile (0.01 kg/se). 4. Reord the pressure through the horizontl pipe nd photogrph the motion of the three-phse flow y the digitl mer. 5. Repet the ove steps y hnging the seond nd third vlue for solid prtile t onstnt vlue for wter nd ir nd reord the pressure. 6. Repet the ove steps y hnging the ir dishrge t onstnt wter dishrge for different vlue of solid prtile. 7. Repet the ove steps for nother vlue of wter dishrge. 8. Mesure the weight of solid prtile whih is leving the pipe in order to determine the mss flow rte of the solid prtile nd the loding rtio of the three phses. III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Figures (2) to (4) show tht the effets of loding rtio (L R ) on pressure mgnitude distriution long the horizontl pipe for different vlues of wter dishrge nd t different ir dishrge. It n e oserved tht the inrese of loding rtio (L R ) use inrese the pressure mgnitude for different mgnitude of wter dishrge nd different ir dishrge. However, the pressure profiles pproximtely remin onstnt whih is derese with inrese the distne (x) of horizontl pipe. Figure (5) shows the effets of ir dishrge on pressure profile distriution long the horizontl pipe for wter dishrge (Q wter =35 L/min) with different loding rtio. It n e notied tht the inrese of ir dishrge uses inrese the pressure mgnitude for different vlues of loding rtio t onstnt vlue of wter dishrge. Figures (6) to (8) show the effet of wter dishrge on pressure profile distriution long the horizontl pipe for different vlues of ir dishrge nd t different loding rtio. It n e seen tht the inrese of wter dishrge use inrese the pressure mgnitude for different vlues of ir dishrge nd different loding rtio. Figure (9) show the pressure sensor reding with time. We note tht the pressure reding flututed with time due to the multiphse flow (gs, liquid nd solid). So, the pressure reding hs lulted y tking men vlue of pressure sensor reding during (1 min.) Figures (10) nd (11) show the visul imge of three phse flow ehvior in horizontl pipe with wter dishrge (Q wter =25, 30, 35, L/min) respetively nd ir dishrges (Q = 8.34, nd 25 L/min) for the three loding rtio (L R = () 0.1, () 0.2, () 0.3 kg/se). These imges desrie the flow ehvior whih seems to e slug or plug region when the dishrge is low. This is due to the low veloity of wter t low wter dishrge. Also, when inrese the ir dishrge the size nd of ules inreses nd espeilly t high ir dishrge. IV. CONCLUSIONS The experimentl investigtion of the wter dishrge, ir dishrge nd loding rtio for solid prtile effets on pressure distriution of three phse flow in horizontl pipe nd the flow ehvior hs een done. It n e onluded tht the: 1. The pressure mgnitude inrese with inrese of loding rtio. 2. The pressure mgnitude inrese with inresing of wter dishrge. 3. The pressure mgnitude inrese with inresing of ir dishrge. REFERENCES [1] Oldele O.Bello,Kurt M. Reinkke nd Ctlin Teodorin " Prtile Holdup Profiles in Horizontl Gs-liquid-solid Multiphse Flow Pipeline " Chemil Engineering & Tehnology, Volume 28, Issue 12, pp , Deemer,

3 [2] Rngnthn Pnneerselvm, Sivrmn Svithri nd Gerld Devsgym Surender," Computtionl Fluid Dynmis Simultion of Solid Suspension in Gs-Liquid- Solid Mehnilly Agitted Conttor ", Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. Downloded from on Deemer 20, [3] B. Wng nd A.B. Yu, Numeril study of the gs liquid solid flow in hydro ylones with different onfigurtion of vortex finder ", Chemil Engineering Journl 135, pp , [4] Zhihong Li, Shi Liu nd Ynwei Hu, Wentie Liu," Numeril study on flow dynmis of gs-liquid-solid three phse flow through hnnel ", IEEE, [5] Mohn R. Rmpure, Vivek V. Buw nd Vivek V. Rnde," Modeling of Gs-Liquid/Gs-Liquid-Solid Flows in Bule Columns: Experiments nd CFD Simultions ", The Cndin Journl of Chemil Engineering, Volume 81, June-August [6] Tng Cn, Liu Mingyn And Xu Yonggui," 3-D Numeril Simultions on Flow nd Mixing Behviors in Gs Liquid Solid Miro hnnels ", AIChE Journl, Vol. 59, No. 6, June [7] Niels G. Deen, Mrtin vn Sint Annlnd nd J.A.M. Kuipers " Numeril Simultion of Prtile Mixing in Dispersed Gs-Liquid-Solid Flows using Comined Volume of Fluid nd Disrete Prtile Approh ", 6th Interntionl Conferene on Multiphse Flow, ICMF 2007, Leipzig, Germny, July 9 13, [8] YONG JUN CHO,PUNG SUP SONG,SUNG NOON KIM,YOUNG KANG AND SANG DONE KIM, Stohsti Anlysis Of Gs Liquid Solid Flow In Three Phse Cirulting Fluidized Beds, Journl Of Chemil Engineering Of Jpn,Vol.34,No.2,Pp ,2001. [9] T. Skguhi,H. Mingw,A. Tomiym nd H. Shkutsui" Pressure Drop in Gs-Liquid-Solid Three-Phse Slug Flow in Vertil Pipes" Experimentl Therml nd Fluid Siene, 7,p.p.49-60,

4 Fig (1) The Experimentl Rig 36

5 ISSN: Q ir=8.34 L/min Q ir=8.34 L/min Q ir=16.67 L/min Q ir=16.67 L/min Q ir=25 L/min Q ir=25 L/min Fig (2): Effet Of Loding Rtio On Pressure Profile At (Q wter =25 L/min) For Different Air Dishrge Fig (3): Effet Of Loding Rtio On Pressure Profile At (Q wter =30 L/min) For Different Air Dishrge 37

6 ISSN: Q ir=8.34 L/min Q ir=8.34 L/min Q ir=16.67 L/min Q ir=25 L/min Q ir=16.67 L/min Q ir=8.34 L/min Q ir=16.67 L/min Q ir=25 L/min Q ir=25 L/min Q ir=8.34 L/min Q ir=16.67 L/min Q ir=25 L/min Fig (4): Effet of Loding Rtio on Pressure Profile t (Q wter =35 L/min) For Different Air Dishrge Fi (5): Effet of Air Dishrge on Pressure Profile t (Q wter =35 L/min) For Different Loding Rtio 38

7 ISSN: Q ir=8.34 L/min Q ir=8.34 L/min Q ir=16.67 L/min Q ir=16.67 L/min Q ir=25 L/min Q ir=25 L/min Fig (6): Effet Of wter dishrge On Pressure Profile t (L R =0.01 L/min) For Different Air Dishrge Fig (7): Effet Of wter dishrge On Pressure Profile t (L R =0.02 L/min) For Different Air Dishrge 39

8 ISSN: Q ir=8.34 L/min Q ir=16.67 L/min Q ir=25 L/min Time (se) Fig (9) Effet of Time On Pressure Profile Fig (8): Effet Of wter dishrge On Pressure Profile t (L R =0.03 L/min) For Different Air Dishrge 40

9 Q wter =25 L/min Q ir =8.34 L/min Q wter =25 L/min Q ir =16.67 L/min Q wter =25 L/min Q ir =25 L/min Q wter =30 L/min Q ir =8.34 L/min Q wter =30 L/min Q ir =16.67 L/min Q wter =30 L/min Q ir =25 L/min Fig (10). Photogrphs for the three phse flow ehvior for different Q wter, Q ir nd L R =0.01, 0.02 nd 0.03 kg/se respetively. 41

10 Q wter =35 L/min Q ir =8.34 L/min Q wter =35 L/min Q ir =16.67 L/min Q wter =35 L/min Q ir =25 L/min Fig (11). Photogrphs for the three phse flow ehvior for different Q wter, Q ir nd L R =0.01, 0.02 nd 0.03 kg/se respetively. 42