Proving the Pythagorean Theorem

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Proving the Pythagorean Theorem"

Transcription

1 Proving the Pythgoren Theorem W. Bline Dowler June 30, 2010 Astrt Most people re fmilir with the formul = 2. However, in most ses, this ws presented in lssroom s n solute with no ttempt t proof or derivtion. This will now e derived here. Contents 1 The Tringle 2 2 The Preliminries 2 3 The Constrution 3 4 The Proof 4 1

2 1 The Tringle The Pythgoren Theorem pplies only to right ngled tringles; i.e. tringles in whih one of the three interior ngles hs mesure of 90 or π 2 rdins. The longest side, whih is opposite this right ngle, hs length, while the other two sides hve lengths nd. 1 We lel the two ngles whih re not right ngles θ nd φ s in the following digrm: φ θ Note tht, s usul, ox hs een used in the orner to denote the right ngle. With this nottion, Pythgors first proved tht = 2. 2 The Preliminries There re few prerequisite fts tht need to e lid out in order to follow this proof. They re s follows: The sum of the three interior ngles of ny tringle (whih hs een drwn on flt surfe) is onstnt equl to two right ngles in whtever your preferred ngulr mesure hppens to e. (i.e. 180, π rdins, et.) If you mesure the ngle of stright line, s though it were tully two lines onneted k to k, this ngle is lso equl to two right ngles. The re of squre is the length of one side multiplied y itself. 2 The re of tringle is 1 2h, where the se is one side, nd the height h is perpendiulr distne etween the se nd the orner opposite the se. In right ngled tringle, leled with sides, nd s ove, this re redues to While some individul tehers insist on the onvention tht e the shortest side, there is no mthemtil reson to mke this demnd. It is purely mtter of esthetis. 2 This is extly why rising x to exponent 2, x 2, is referred to s squring x. 2

3 When squring inomil suh s +, one gets ross terms involving the produt of nd. Written out expliitly, ( + ) 2 = ( + ) ( + ) = ( + )+ ( + ) = = where the 2 ross term hs een written lst in define of onvention for resons tht will soon e ler. 3 The Constrution The following onstrution is fr from the only wy to derive nd prove the Pythgoren Theorem. It is not even the one whih Pythgors himself used. (When he did his work, lger ws not ommonly epted mthemtil tool mong his peers, nd geometry ws gretly preferred. Alger will e used here.) The onstrution egins y reting n ext opy of our tringle, nd tthing it to the originl tringle in prtiulr wy, suh tht side in the originl is prllel to side of the opy, nd suh tht the opy hs een rotted y right ngle ounter lokwise efore onneting the orners. The result looks like this: φ θ ω φ θ Let us refully exmine the ngles within this onstrution, inluding the newly leled ngle ω. As ll three ngles within our originl tringle dd up 3

4 to two right ngles, nd s one orner is right ngle lredy, we n onlude tht θ nd φ must, together, lso dd up to right ngle. If we look t the orner where our two tringles meet, we see tht (y design) we hve stright line running long our originl side nd our new side. Thus, on the left side of tht joining, the ngles θ, φ nd ω must dd up to two right ngles. We know tht θ nd φ lone dd up to right ngle, so we must onlude tht ω lone, whih is the ngle etween the two sides of length, is lso right ngle. We duplite our tringle twie more, nd put ll four tringles together in similr mnner to form this finl onstrution: 4 The Proof We re now in position to derive nd prove the Pythgoren theorem. Our ove onstrution n e viewed in two different wys. On one hnd, it is gint squre, with sides of length +. On the other hnd, it is smller squre 3 with sides length surrounded y four right ngle tringles with short sides nd. We now lulte the re of this shpe in two different wys. Treting the onstrution s gint squre gives us n re A equl to A = ( + ) 2 = We know this is squre, s we hve shown tht the ngle etween the sides of length, originlly leled ω, is tully right ngle. 4

5 while treting it s smll squre surrounded y tringles gives us n re equl to ( ) 1 A = = Now, s this is the sme shpe represented in two wys, we n equte the expressions for re nd find ourselves left with or = = 2 fter we nel the ommon 2. This is, indeed, the Pythgoren Theorem tht is often tught y rote. We now hve one wy to prove tht it is, indeed, true. 5

LESSON 11: TRIANGLE FORMULAE

LESSON 11: TRIANGLE FORMULAE . THE SEMIPERIMETER OF TRINGLE LESSON : TRINGLE FORMULE In wht follows, will hve sides, nd, nd these will e opposite ngles, nd respetively. y the tringle inequlity, nd..() So ll of, & re positive rel numers.

More information

GM1 Consolidation Worksheet

GM1 Consolidation Worksheet Cmridge Essentils Mthemtis Core 8 GM1 Consolidtion Worksheet GM1 Consolidtion Worksheet 1 Clulte the size of eh ngle mrked y letter. Give resons for your nswers. or exmple, ngles on stright line dd up

More information

Section 1.3 Triangles

Section 1.3 Triangles Se 1.3 Tringles 21 Setion 1.3 Tringles LELING TRINGLE The line segments tht form tringle re lled the sides of the tringle. Eh pir of sides forms n ngle, lled n interior ngle, nd eh tringle hs three interior

More information

1 PYTHAGORAS THEOREM 1. Given a right angled triangle, the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides.

1 PYTHAGORAS THEOREM 1. Given a right angled triangle, the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides. 1 PYTHAGORAS THEOREM 1 1 Pythgors Theorem In this setion we will present geometri proof of the fmous theorem of Pythgors. Given right ngled tringle, the squre of the hypotenuse is equl to the sum of the

More information

Comparing the Pre-image and Image of a Dilation

Comparing the Pre-image and Image of a Dilation hpter Summry Key Terms Postultes nd Theorems similr tringles (.1) inluded ngle (.2) inluded side (.2) geometri men (.) indiret mesurement (.6) ngle-ngle Similrity Theorem (.2) Side-Side-Side Similrity

More information

THE PYTHAGOREAN THEOREM

THE PYTHAGOREAN THEOREM THE PYTHAGOREAN THEOREM The Pythgoren Theorem is one of the most well-known nd widely used theorems in mthemtis. We will first look t n informl investigtion of the Pythgoren Theorem, nd then pply this

More information

PYTHAGORAS THEOREM WHAT S IN CHAPTER 1? IN THIS CHAPTER YOU WILL:

PYTHAGORAS THEOREM WHAT S IN CHAPTER 1? IN THIS CHAPTER YOU WILL: PYTHAGORAS THEOREM 1 WHAT S IN CHAPTER 1? 1 01 Squres, squre roots nd surds 1 02 Pythgors theorem 1 03 Finding the hypotenuse 1 04 Finding shorter side 1 05 Mixed prolems 1 06 Testing for right-ngled tringles

More information

Intermediate Math Circles Wednesday 17 October 2012 Geometry II: Side Lengths

Intermediate Math Circles Wednesday 17 October 2012 Geometry II: Side Lengths Intermedite Mth Cirles Wednesdy 17 Otoer 01 Geometry II: Side Lengths Lst week we disussed vrious ngle properties. As we progressed through the evening, we proved mny results. This week, we will look t

More information

Non Right Angled Triangles

Non Right Angled Triangles Non Right ngled Tringles Non Right ngled Tringles urriulum Redy www.mthletis.om Non Right ngled Tringles NON RIGHT NGLED TRINGLES sin i, os i nd tn i re lso useful in non-right ngled tringles. This unit

More information

Trigonometry and Constructive Geometry

Trigonometry and Constructive Geometry Trigonometry nd Construtive Geometry Trining prolems for M2 2018 term 1 Ted Szylowie tedszy@gmil.om 1 Leling geometril figures 1. Prtie writing Greek letters. αβγδɛθλµπψ 2. Lel the sides, ngles nd verties

More information

Part I: Study the theorem statement.

Part I: Study the theorem statement. Nme 1 Nme 2 Nme 3 A STUDY OF PYTHAGORAS THEOREM Instrutions: Together in groups of 2 or 3, fill out the following worksheet. You my lift nswers from the reding, or nswer on your own. Turn in one pket for

More information

Activities. 4.1 Pythagoras' Theorem 4.2 Spirals 4.3 Clinometers 4.4 Radar 4.5 Posting Parcels 4.6 Interlocking Pipes 4.7 Sine Rule Notes and Solutions

Activities. 4.1 Pythagoras' Theorem 4.2 Spirals 4.3 Clinometers 4.4 Radar 4.5 Posting Parcels 4.6 Interlocking Pipes 4.7 Sine Rule Notes and Solutions MEP: Demonstrtion Projet UNIT 4: Trigonometry UNIT 4 Trigonometry tivities tivities 4. Pythgors' Theorem 4.2 Spirls 4.3 linometers 4.4 Rdr 4.5 Posting Prels 4.6 Interloking Pipes 4.7 Sine Rule Notes nd

More information

Trigonometry Revision Sheet Q5 of Paper 2

Trigonometry Revision Sheet Q5 of Paper 2 Trigonometry Revision Sheet Q of Pper The Bsis - The Trigonometry setion is ll out tringles. We will normlly e given some of the sides or ngles of tringle nd we use formule nd rules to find the others.

More information

Proportions: A ratio is the quotient of two numbers. For example, 2 3

Proportions: A ratio is the quotient of two numbers. For example, 2 3 Proportions: rtio is the quotient of two numers. For exmple, 2 3 is rtio of 2 n 3. n equlity of two rtios is proportion. For exmple, 3 7 = 15 is proportion. 45 If two sets of numers (none of whih is 0)

More information

Geometry of the Circle - Chords and Angles. Geometry of the Circle. Chord and Angles. Curriculum Ready ACMMG: 272.

Geometry of the Circle - Chords and Angles. Geometry of the Circle. Chord and Angles. Curriculum Ready ACMMG: 272. Geometry of the irle - hords nd ngles Geometry of the irle hord nd ngles urriulum Redy MMG: 272 www.mthletis.om hords nd ngles HRS N NGLES The irle is si shpe nd so it n e found lmost nywhere. This setion

More information

Green s Theorem. (2x e y ) da. (2x e y ) dx dy. x 2 xe y. (1 e y ) dy. y=1. = y e y. y=0. = 2 e

Green s Theorem. (2x e y ) da. (2x e y ) dx dy. x 2 xe y. (1 e y ) dy. y=1. = y e y. y=0. = 2 e Green s Theorem. Let be the boundry of the unit squre, y, oriented ounterlokwise, nd let F be the vetor field F, y e y +, 2 y. Find F d r. Solution. Let s write P, y e y + nd Q, y 2 y, so tht F P, Q. Let

More information

2. There are an infinite number of possible triangles, all similar, with three given angles whose sum is 180.

2. There are an infinite number of possible triangles, all similar, with three given angles whose sum is 180. SECTION 8-1 11 CHAPTER 8 Setion 8 1. There re n infinite numer of possile tringles, ll similr, with three given ngles whose sum is 180. 4. If two ngles α nd β of tringle re known, the third ngle n e found

More information

Pythagoras Theorem. Pythagoras Theorem. Curriculum Ready ACMMG: 222, 245.

Pythagoras Theorem. Pythagoras Theorem. Curriculum Ready ACMMG: 222, 245. Pythgors Theorem Pythgors Theorem Curriulum Redy ACMMG:, 45 www.mthletis.om Fill in these spes with ny other interesting fts you n find out Pythgors. In the world of Mthemtis, Pythgors is legend. He lived

More information

9.1 Day 1 Warm Up. Solve the equation = x x 2 = March 1, 2017 Geometry 9.1 The Pythagorean Theorem 1

9.1 Day 1 Warm Up. Solve the equation = x x 2 = March 1, 2017 Geometry 9.1 The Pythagorean Theorem 1 9.1 Dy 1 Wrm Up Solve the eqution. 1. 4 2 + 3 2 = x 2 2. 13 2 + x 2 = 25 2 3. 3 2 2 + x 2 = 5 2 2 4. 5 2 + x 2 = 12 2 Mrh 1, 2017 Geometry 9.1 The Pythgoren Theorem 1 9.1 Dy 2 Wrm Up Use the Pythgoren

More information

Math Lesson 4-5 The Law of Cosines

Math Lesson 4-5 The Law of Cosines Mth-1060 Lesson 4-5 The Lw of osines Solve using Lw of Sines. 1 17 11 5 15 13 SS SSS Every pir of loops will hve unknowns. Every pir of loops will hve unknowns. We need nother eqution. h Drop nd ltitude

More information

CHENG Chun Chor Litwin The Hong Kong Institute of Education

CHENG Chun Chor Litwin The Hong Kong Institute of Education PE-hing Mi terntionl onferene IV: novtion of Mthemtis Tehing nd Lerning through Lesson Study- onnetion etween ssessment nd Sujet Mtter HENG hun hor Litwin The Hong Kong stitute of Edution Report on using

More information

= x x 2 = 25 2

= x x 2 = 25 2 9.1 Wrm Up Solve the eqution. 1. 4 2 + 3 2 = x 2 2. 13 2 + x 2 = 25 2 3. 3 2 2 + x 2 = 5 2 2 4. 5 2 + x 2 = 12 2 Mrh 7, 2016 Geometry 9.1 The Pythgoren Theorem 1 Geometry 9.1 The Pythgoren Theorem 9.1

More information

Project 6: Minigoals Towards Simplifying and Rewriting Expressions

Project 6: Minigoals Towards Simplifying and Rewriting Expressions MAT 51 Wldis Projet 6: Minigols Towrds Simplifying nd Rewriting Expressions The distriutive property nd like terms You hve proly lerned in previous lsses out dding like terms ut one prolem with the wy

More information

3 Angle Geometry. 3.1 Measuring Angles. 1. Using a protractor, measure the marked angles.

3 Angle Geometry. 3.1 Measuring Angles. 1. Using a protractor, measure the marked angles. 3 ngle Geometry MEP Prtie ook S3 3.1 Mesuring ngles 1. Using protrtor, mesure the mrked ngles. () () (d) (e) (f) 2. Drw ngles with the following sizes. () 22 () 75 120 (d) 90 (e) 153 (f) 45 (g) 180 (h)

More information

Lesson 2: The Pythagorean Theorem and Similar Triangles. A Brief Review of the Pythagorean Theorem.

Lesson 2: The Pythagorean Theorem and Similar Triangles. A Brief Review of the Pythagorean Theorem. 27 Lesson 2: The Pythgoren Theorem nd Similr Tringles A Brief Review of the Pythgoren Theorem. Rell tht n ngle whih mesures 90º is lled right ngle. If one of the ngles of tringle is right ngle, then we

More information

Introduction to Olympiad Inequalities

Introduction to Olympiad Inequalities Introdution to Olympid Inequlities Edutionl Studies Progrm HSSP Msshusetts Institute of Tehnology Snj Simonovikj Spring 207 Contents Wrm up nd Am-Gm inequlity 2. Elementry inequlities......................

More information

Maintaining Mathematical Proficiency

Maintaining Mathematical Proficiency Nme Dte hpter 9 Mintining Mthemtil Profiieny Simplify the epression. 1. 500. 189 3. 5 4. 4 3 5. 11 5 6. 8 Solve the proportion. 9 3 14 7. = 8. = 9. 1 7 5 4 = 4 10. 0 6 = 11. 7 4 10 = 1. 5 9 15 3 = 5 +

More information

Similar Right Triangles

Similar Right Triangles Geometry V1.noteook Ferury 09, 2012 Similr Right Tringles Cn I identify similr tringles in right tringle with the ltitude? Cn I identify the proportions in right tringles? Cn I use the geometri mens theorems

More information

Something found at a salad bar

Something found at a salad bar Nme PP Something found t sld r 4.7 Notes RIGHT TRINGLE hs extly one right ngle. To solve right tringle, you n use things like SOH-H-TO nd the Pythgoren Theorem. n OLIQUE TRINGLE hs no right ngles. To solve

More information

In right-angled triangles the square on the side subtending the right angle is equal to the squares on the sides containing the right angle.

In right-angled triangles the square on the side subtending the right angle is equal to the squares on the sides containing the right angle. Mth 3329-Uniform Geometries Leture 06 1. Review of trigonometry While we re looking t Eulid s Elements, I d like to look t some si trigonometry. Figure 1. The Pythgoren theorem sttes tht if = 90, then

More information

STRAND J: TRANSFORMATIONS, VECTORS and MATRICES

STRAND J: TRANSFORMATIONS, VECTORS and MATRICES Mthemtics SKE: STRN J STRN J: TRNSFORMTIONS, VETORS nd MTRIES J3 Vectors Text ontents Section J3.1 Vectors nd Sclrs * J3. Vectors nd Geometry Mthemtics SKE: STRN J J3 Vectors J3.1 Vectors nd Sclrs Vectors

More information

NON-DETERMINISTIC FSA

NON-DETERMINISTIC FSA Tw o types of non-determinism: NON-DETERMINISTIC FS () Multiple strt-sttes; strt-sttes S Q. The lnguge L(M) ={x:x tkes M from some strt-stte to some finl-stte nd ll of x is proessed}. The string x = is

More information

MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS 1.6

MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS 1.6 MTHMTIS N STTISTIS 1.6 pply geometri resoning in solving prolems ternlly ssessed 4 redits S 91031 inding unknown ngles When finding the size of unknown ngles in figure, t lest two steps of resoning will

More information

April 8, 2017 Math 9. Geometry. Solving vector problems. Problem. Prove that if vectors and satisfy, then.

April 8, 2017 Math 9. Geometry. Solving vector problems. Problem. Prove that if vectors and satisfy, then. pril 8, 2017 Mth 9 Geometry Solving vetor prolems Prolem Prove tht if vetors nd stisfy, then Solution 1 onsider the vetor ddition prllelogrm shown in the Figure Sine its digonls hve equl length,, the prllelogrm

More information

Basic Angle Rules 5. A Short Hand Geometric Reasons. B Two Reasons. 1 Write in full the meaning of these short hand geometric reasons.

Basic Angle Rules 5. A Short Hand Geometric Reasons. B Two Reasons. 1 Write in full the meaning of these short hand geometric reasons. si ngle Rules 5 6 Short Hnd Geometri Resons 1 Write in full the mening of these short hnd geometri resons. Short Hnd Reson Full Mening ) se s isos Δ re =. ) orr s // lines re =. ) sum s t pt = 360. d)

More information

Pythagoras Theorem. The area of the square on the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares on the other two sides

Pythagoras Theorem. The area of the square on the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares on the other two sides Pythgors theorem nd trigonometry Pythgors Theorem The hypotenuse of right-ngled tringle is the longest side The hypotenuse is lwys opposite the right-ngle 2 = 2 + 2 or 2 = 2-2 or 2 = 2-2 The re of the

More information

m m m m m m m m P m P m ( ) m m P( ) ( ). The o-ordinte of the point P( ) dividing the line segment joining the two points ( ) nd ( ) eternll in the r

m m m m m m m m P m P m ( ) m m P( ) ( ). The o-ordinte of the point P( ) dividing the line segment joining the two points ( ) nd ( ) eternll in the r CO-ORDINTE GEOMETR II I Qudrnt Qudrnt (-.+) (++) X X - - - 0 - III IV Qudrnt - Qudrnt (--) - (+-) Region CRTESIN CO-ORDINTE SSTEM : Retngulr Co-ordinte Sstem : Let X' OX nd 'O e two mutull perpendiulr

More information

Proving the Pythagorean Theorem. Proving the Pythagorean Theorem and the Converse of the Pythagorean Theorem

Proving the Pythagorean Theorem. Proving the Pythagorean Theorem and the Converse of the Pythagorean Theorem .5 Proving the Pythgoren Theorem Proving the Pythgoren Theorem nd the Converse of the Pythgoren Theorem Lerning Gols In this lesson, you will: Prove the Pythgoren Theorem using similr tringles. Prove the

More information

Reflection Property of a Hyperbola

Reflection Property of a Hyperbola Refletion Propert of Hperol Prefe The purpose of this pper is to prove nltill nd to illustrte geometrill the propert of hperol wherein r whih emntes outside the onvit of the hperol, tht is, etween the

More information

Triangles The following examples explore aspects of triangles:

Triangles The following examples explore aspects of triangles: Tringles The following exmples explore spects of tringles: xmple 1: ltitude of right ngled tringle + xmple : tringle ltitude of the symmetricl ltitude of n isosceles x x - 4 +x xmple 3: ltitude of the

More information

12.4 Similarity in Right Triangles

12.4 Similarity in Right Triangles Nme lss Dte 12.4 Similrit in Right Tringles Essentil Question: How does the ltitude to the hpotenuse of right tringle help ou use similr right tringles to solve prolems? Eplore Identifing Similrit in Right

More information

MTH 4-16a Trigonometry

MTH 4-16a Trigonometry MTH 4-16 Trigonometry Level 4 [UNIT 5 REVISION SECTION ] I cn identify the opposite, djcent nd hypotenuse sides on right-ngled tringle. Identify the opposite, djcent nd hypotenuse in the following right-ngled

More information

I 3 2 = I I 4 = 2A

I 3 2 = I I 4 = 2A ECE 210 Eletril Ciruit Anlysis University of llinois t Chigo 2.13 We re ske to use KCL to fin urrents 1 4. The key point in pplying KCL in this prolem is to strt with noe where only one of the urrents

More information

m A 1 1 A ! and AC 6

m A 1 1 A ! and AC 6 REVIEW SET A Using sle of m represents units, sketh vetor to represent: NON-CALCULATOR n eroplne tking off t n ngle of 8 ± to runw with speed of 6 ms displement of m in north-esterl diretion. Simplif:

More information

6.2 The Pythagorean Theorems

6.2 The Pythagorean Theorems PythgorenTheorems20052006.nb 1 6.2 The Pythgoren Theorems One of the best known theorems in geometry (nd ll of mthemtics for tht mtter) is the Pythgoren Theorem. You hve probbly lredy worked with this

More information

A study of Pythagoras Theorem

A study of Pythagoras Theorem CHAPTER 19 A study of Pythgors Theorem Reson is immortl, ll else mortl. Pythgors, Diogenes Lertius (Lives of Eminent Philosophers) Pythgors Theorem is proly the est-known mthemticl theorem. Even most nonmthemticins

More information

Similarity and Congruence

Similarity and Congruence Similrity nd ongruence urriculum Redy MMG: 201, 220, 221, 243, 244 www.mthletics.com SIMILRITY N ONGRUN If two shpes re congruent, it mens thy re equl in every wy ll their corresponding sides nd ngles

More information

CS311 Computational Structures Regular Languages and Regular Grammars. Lecture 6

CS311 Computational Structures Regular Languages and Regular Grammars. Lecture 6 CS311 Computtionl Strutures Regulr Lnguges nd Regulr Grmmrs Leture 6 1 Wht we know so fr: RLs re losed under produt, union nd * Every RL n e written s RE, nd every RE represents RL Every RL n e reognized

More information

1B40 Practical Skills

1B40 Practical Skills B40 Prcticl Skills Comining uncertinties from severl quntities error propgtion We usully encounter situtions where the result of n experiment is given in terms of two (or more) quntities. We then need

More information

Factorising FACTORISING.

Factorising FACTORISING. Ftorising FACTORISING www.mthletis.om.u Ftorising FACTORISING Ftorising is the opposite of expning. It is the proess of putting expressions into rkets rther thn expning them out. In this setion you will

More information

UNIT 31 Angles and Symmetry: Data Sheets

UNIT 31 Angles and Symmetry: Data Sheets UNIT 31 Angles nd Symmetry Dt Sheets Dt Sheets 31.1 Line nd Rottionl Symmetry 31.2 Angle Properties 31.3 Angles in Tringles 31.4 Angles nd Prllel Lines: Results 31.5 Angles nd Prllel Lines: Exmple 31.6

More information

3.1 Review of Sine, Cosine and Tangent for Right Angles

3.1 Review of Sine, Cosine and Tangent for Right Angles Foundtions of Mth 11 Section 3.1 Review of Sine, osine nd Tngent for Right Tringles 125 3.1 Review of Sine, osine nd Tngent for Right ngles The word trigonometry is derived from the Greek words trigon,

More information

y z A left-handed system can be rotated to look like the following. z

y z A left-handed system can be rotated to look like the following. z Chpter 2 Crtesin Coördintes The djetive Crtesin bove refers to René Desrtes (1596 1650), who ws the first to oördintise the plne s ordered pirs of rel numbers, whih provided the first sstemti link between

More information

Identifying and Classifying 2-D Shapes

Identifying and Classifying 2-D Shapes Ientifying n Clssifying -D Shpes Wht is your sign? The shpe n olour of trffi signs let motorists know importnt informtion suh s: when to stop onstrution res. Some si shpes use in trffi signs re illustrte

More information

Section 2.1 Special Right Triangles

Section 2.1 Special Right Triangles Se..1 Speil Rigt Tringles 49 Te --90 Tringle Setion.1 Speil Rigt Tringles Te --90 tringle (or just 0-60-90) is so nme euse of its ngle mesures. Te lengts of te sies, toug, ve very speifi pttern to tem

More information

Pythagorean Theorem and Trigonometry

Pythagorean Theorem and Trigonometry Ptgoren Teorem nd Trigonometr Te Ptgoren Teorem is nient, well-known, nd importnt. It s lrge numer of different proofs, inluding one disovered merin President Jmes. Grfield. Te we site ttp://www.ut-te-knot.org/ptgors/inde.stml

More information

Tutorial Worksheet. 1. Find all solutions to the linear system by following the given steps. x + 2y + 3z = 2 2x + 3y + z = 4.

Tutorial Worksheet. 1. Find all solutions to the linear system by following the given steps. x + 2y + 3z = 2 2x + 3y + z = 4. Mth 5 Tutoril Week 1 - Jnury 1 1 Nme Setion Tutoril Worksheet 1. Find ll solutions to the liner system by following the given steps x + y + z = x + y + z = 4. y + z = Step 1. Write down the rgumented mtrix

More information

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 1. A uniform circulr disc hs mss m, centre O nd rdius. It is free to rotte bout fixed smooth horizontl xis L which lies in the sme plne s the disc nd which is tngentil to the disc t the point A. The disc

More information

Algebra Basics. Algebra Basics. Curriculum Ready ACMNA: 133, 175, 176, 177, 179.

Algebra Basics. Algebra Basics. Curriculum Ready ACMNA: 133, 175, 176, 177, 179. Curriulum Redy ACMNA: 33 75 76 77 79 www.mthletis.om Fill in the spes with nything you lredy know out Alger Creer Opportunities: Arhitets eletriins plumers et. use it to do importnt lultions. Give this

More information

AP Calculus BC Chapter 8: Integration Techniques, L Hopital s Rule and Improper Integrals

AP Calculus BC Chapter 8: Integration Techniques, L Hopital s Rule and Improper Integrals AP Clulus BC Chpter 8: Integrtion Tehniques, L Hopitl s Rule nd Improper Integrls 8. Bsi Integrtion Rules In this setion we will review vrious integrtion strtegies. Strtegies: I. Seprte the integrnd into

More information

On the diagram below the displacement is represented by the directed line segment OA.

On the diagram below the displacement is represented by the directed line segment OA. Vectors Sclrs nd Vectors A vector is quntity tht hs mgnitude nd direction. One exmple of vector is velocity. The velocity of n oject is determined y the mgnitude(speed) nd direction of trvel. Other exmples

More information

A Study on the Properties of Rational Triangles

A Study on the Properties of Rational Triangles Interntionl Journl of Mthemtis Reserh. ISSN 0976-5840 Volume 6, Numer (04), pp. 8-9 Interntionl Reserh Pulition House http://www.irphouse.om Study on the Properties of Rtionl Tringles M. Q. lm, M.R. Hssn

More information

SECTION A STUDENT MATERIAL. Part 1. What and Why.?

SECTION A STUDENT MATERIAL. Part 1. What and Why.? SECTION A STUDENT MATERIAL Prt Wht nd Wh.? Student Mteril Prt Prolem n > 0 n > 0 Is the onverse true? Prolem If n is even then n is even. If n is even then n is even. Wht nd Wh? Eploring Pure Mths Are

More information

青藜苑教育 The digrm shows the position of ferry siling between Folkestone nd lis. The ferry is t X. X 4km The pos

青藜苑教育 The digrm shows the position of ferry siling between Folkestone nd lis. The ferry is t X. X 4km The pos 青藜苑教育 www.thetopedu.com 010-6895997 1301951457 Revision Topic 9: Pythgors Theorem Pythgors Theorem Pythgors Theorem llows you to work out the length of sides in right-ngled tringle. c The side opposite

More information

VECTOR ALGEBRA. Syllabus :

VECTOR ALGEBRA. Syllabus : MV VECTOR ALGEBRA Syllus : Vetors nd Slrs, ddition of vetors, omponent of vetor, omponents of vetor in two dimensions nd three dimensionl spe, slr nd vetor produts, slr nd vetor triple produt. Einstein

More information

2.4 Linear Inequalities and Interval Notation

2.4 Linear Inequalities and Interval Notation .4 Liner Inequlities nd Intervl Nottion We wnt to solve equtions tht hve n inequlity symol insted of n equl sign. There re four inequlity symols tht we will look t: Less thn , Less thn or

More information

( ) { } [ ] { } [ ) { } ( ] { }

( ) { } [ ] { } [ ) { } ( ] { } Mth 65 Prelulus Review Properties of Inequlities 1. > nd > >. > + > +. > nd > 0 > 4. > nd < 0 < Asolute Vlue, if 0, if < 0 Properties of Asolute Vlue > 0 1. < < > or

More information

Numbers and indices. 1.1 Fractions. GCSE C Example 1. Handy hint. Key point

Numbers and indices. 1.1 Fractions. GCSE C Example 1. Handy hint. Key point GCSE C Emple 7 Work out 9 Give your nswer in its simplest form Numers n inies Reiprote mens invert or turn upsie own The reiprol of is 9 9 Mke sure you only invert the frtion you re iviing y 7 You multiply

More information

GEOMETRY OF THE CIRCLE TANGENTS & SECANTS

GEOMETRY OF THE CIRCLE TANGENTS & SECANTS Geometry Of The ircle Tngents & Secnts GEOMETRY OF THE IRLE TNGENTS & SENTS www.mthletics.com.u Tngents TNGENTS nd N Secnts SENTS Tngents nd secnts re lines tht strt outside circle. Tngent touches the

More information

HS Pre-Algebra Notes Unit 9: Roots, Real Numbers and The Pythagorean Theorem

HS Pre-Algebra Notes Unit 9: Roots, Real Numbers and The Pythagorean Theorem HS Pre-Alger Notes Unit 9: Roots, Rel Numers nd The Pythgoren Theorem Roots nd Cue Roots Syllus Ojetive 5.4: The student will find or pproximte squre roots of numers to 4. CCSS 8.EE.-: Evlute squre roots

More information

u(t)dt + i a f(t)dt f(t) dt b f(t) dt (2) With this preliminary step in place, we are ready to define integration on a general curve in C.

u(t)dt + i a f(t)dt f(t) dt b f(t) dt (2) With this preliminary step in place, we are ready to define integration on a general curve in C. Lecture 4 Complex Integrtion MATH-GA 2451.001 Complex Vriles 1 Construction 1.1 Integrting complex function over curve in C A nturl wy to construct the integrl of complex function over curve in the complex

More information

Bridging the gap: GCSE AS Level

Bridging the gap: GCSE AS Level Bridging the gp: GCSE AS Level CONTENTS Chpter Removing rckets pge Chpter Liner equtions Chpter Simultneous equtions 8 Chpter Fctors 0 Chpter Chnge the suject of the formul Chpter 6 Solving qudrtic equtions

More information

THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY

THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY MD THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY CA CB C Coordintes of point in spe There re infinite numer of points in spe We wnt to identif eh nd ever point of spe with the help of three mutull perpendiulr oordintes es

More information

1.3 SCALARS AND VECTORS

1.3 SCALARS AND VECTORS Bridge Course Phy I PUC 24 1.3 SCLRS ND VECTORS Introdution: Physis is the study of nturl phenomen. The study of ny nturl phenomenon involves mesurements. For exmple, the distne etween the plnet erth nd

More information

PYTHAGORAS THEOREM,TRIGONOMETRY,BEARINGS AND THREE DIMENSIONAL PROBLEMS

PYTHAGORAS THEOREM,TRIGONOMETRY,BEARINGS AND THREE DIMENSIONAL PROBLEMS PYTHGORS THEOREM,TRIGONOMETRY,ERINGS ND THREE DIMENSIONL PROLEMS 1.1 PYTHGORS THEOREM: 1. The Pythgors Theorem sttes tht the squre of the hypotenuse is equl to the sum of the squres of the other two sides

More information

Pythagoras theorem and surds

Pythagoras theorem and surds HPTER Mesurement nd Geometry Pythgors theorem nd surds In IE-EM Mthemtis Yer 8, you lernt out the remrkle reltionship etween the lengths of the sides of right-ngled tringle. This result is known s Pythgors

More information

Chapter Gauss Quadrature Rule of Integration

Chapter Gauss Quadrature Rule of Integration Chpter 7. Guss Qudrture Rule o Integrtion Ater reding this hpter, you should e le to:. derive the Guss qudrture method or integrtion nd e le to use it to solve prolems, nd. use Guss qudrture method to

More information

2. VECTORS AND MATRICES IN 3 DIMENSIONS

2. VECTORS AND MATRICES IN 3 DIMENSIONS 2 VECTORS AND MATRICES IN 3 DIMENSIONS 21 Extending the Theory of 2-dimensionl Vectors x A point in 3-dimensionl spce cn e represented y column vector of the form y z z-xis y-xis z x y x-xis Most of the

More information

2.1 ANGLES AND THEIR MEASURE. y I

2.1 ANGLES AND THEIR MEASURE. y I .1 ANGLES AND THEIR MEASURE Given two interseting lines or line segments, the mount of rottion out the point of intersetion (the vertex) required to ring one into orrespondene with the other is lled the

More information

S2 (2.2) Pythagoras.notebook March 04, 2016

S2 (2.2) Pythagoras.notebook March 04, 2016 S2 (2.2) Pythgors.noteook Mrh 04, 2016 Dily Prtie 16.12.2015 Q1. Multiply out nd simplify 9x 3(2x + 1) Q2. Solve the eqution 3(2x + 4) = 18 Q3. If 1 = $1.30, how muh is 50 in dollrs? Tody we will e lerning

More information

1 ELEMENTARY ALGEBRA and GEOMETRY READINESS DIAGNOSTIC TEST PRACTICE

1 ELEMENTARY ALGEBRA and GEOMETRY READINESS DIAGNOSTIC TEST PRACTICE ELEMENTARY ALGEBRA nd GEOMETRY READINESS DIAGNOSTIC TEST PRACTICE Directions: Study the exmples, work the prolems, then check your nswers t the end of ech topic. If you don t get the nswer given, check

More information

Sect 10.2 Trigonometric Ratios

Sect 10.2 Trigonometric Ratios 86 Sect 0. Trigonometric Rtios Objective : Understnding djcent, Hypotenuse, nd Opposite sides of n cute ngle in right tringle. In right tringle, the otenuse is lwys the longest side; it is the side opposite

More information

This conversion box can help you convert units of length. b 3 cm = e 11 cm = b 20 mm = cm. e 156 mm = b 500 cm = e cm = b mm = d 500 mm =

This conversion box can help you convert units of length. b 3 cm = e 11 cm = b 20 mm = cm. e 156 mm = b 500 cm = e cm = b mm = d 500 mm = Units of length,, To onvert fro to, ultiply y 10. This onversion ox n help you onvert units of length. To onvert fro to, divide y 10. 100 100 1 000 10 10 1 000 Convert these lengths to illietres: 0 1 2

More information

Section 6: Area, Volume, and Average Value

Section 6: Area, Volume, and Average Value Chpter The Integrl Applied Clculus Section 6: Are, Volume, nd Averge Vlue Are We hve lredy used integrls to find the re etween the grph of function nd the horizontl xis. Integrls cn lso e used to find

More information

Section 4: Integration ECO4112F 2011

Section 4: Integration ECO4112F 2011 Reding: Ching Chpter Section : Integrtion ECOF Note: These notes do not fully cover the mteril in Ching, ut re ment to supplement your reding in Ching. Thus fr the optimistion you hve covered hs een sttic

More information

Polynomials and Division Theory

Polynomials and Division Theory Higher Checklist (Unit ) Higher Checklist (Unit ) Polynomils nd Division Theory Skill Achieved? Know tht polynomil (expression) is of the form: n x + n x n + n x n + + n x + x + 0 where the i R re the

More information

Trigonometric Functions

Trigonometric Functions Exercise. Degrees nd Rdins Chpter Trigonometric Functions EXERCISE. Degrees nd Rdins 4. Since 45 corresponds to rdin mesure of π/4 rd, we hve: 90 = 45 corresponds to π/4 or π/ rd. 5 = 7 45 corresponds

More information

Individual Contest. English Version. Time limit: 90 minutes. Instructions:

Individual Contest. English Version. Time limit: 90 minutes. Instructions: Elementry Mthemtics Interntionl Contest Instructions: Individul Contest Time limit: 90 minutes Do not turn to the first pge until you re told to do so. Write down your nme, your contestnt numer nd your

More information

Problem Set 9. Figure 1: Diagram. This picture is a rough sketch of the 4 parabolas that give us the area that we need to find. The equations are:

Problem Set 9. Figure 1: Diagram. This picture is a rough sketch of the 4 parabolas that give us the area that we need to find. The equations are: (x + y ) = y + (x + y ) = x + Problem Set 9 Discussion: Nov., Nov. 8, Nov. (on probbility nd binomil coefficients) The nme fter the problem is the designted writer of the solution of tht problem. (No one

More information

A B= ( ) because from A to B is 3 right, 2 down.

A B= ( ) because from A to B is 3 right, 2 down. 8. Vectors nd vector nottion Questions re trgeted t the grdes indicted Remember: mgnitude mens size. The vector ( ) mens move left nd up. On Resource sheet 8. drw ccurtely nd lbel the following vectors.

More information

Exercise 3 Logic Control

Exercise 3 Logic Control Exerise 3 Logi Control OBJECTIVE The ojetive of this exerise is giving n introdution to pplition of Logi Control System (LCS). Tody, LCS is implemented through Progrmmle Logi Controller (PLC) whih is lled

More information

Ellipses. The second type of conic is called an ellipse.

Ellipses. The second type of conic is called an ellipse. Ellipses The seond type of oni is lled n ellipse. Definition of Ellipse An ellipse is the set of ll points (, y) in plne, the sum of whose distnes from two distint fied points (foi) is onstnt. (, y) d

More information

We divide the interval [a, b] into subintervals of equal length x = b a n

We divide the interval [a, b] into subintervals of equal length x = b a n Arc Length Given curve C defined by function f(x), we wnt to find the length of this curve between nd b. We do this by using process similr to wht we did in defining the Riemnn Sum of definite integrl:

More information

The Legacy of Pythagoras Theorem

The Legacy of Pythagoras Theorem Prol Volue 39, Issue 1(2003) The Legy of Pythgors Theore Peter G.rown 1 When sked wht thetil result they reeer fro High Shool, the verge person would proly reply with Pythgors Theore. In ny right tringle,

More information

MEP Practice Book ES3. 1. Calculate the size of the angles marked with a letter in each diagram. None to scale

MEP Practice Book ES3. 1. Calculate the size of the angles marked with a letter in each diagram. None to scale ME rctice ook ES3 3 ngle Geometr 3.3 ngle Geometr 1. lculte the size of the ngles mrked with letter in ech digrm. None to scle () 70 () 20 54 65 25 c 36 (d) (e) (f) 56 62 d e 60 40 70 70 f 30 g (g) (h)

More information

NOT TO SCALE. We can make use of the small angle approximations: if θ á 1 (and is expressed in RADIANS), then

NOT TO SCALE. We can make use of the small angle approximations: if θ á 1 (and is expressed in RADIANS), then 3. Stellr Prllx y terrestril stndrds, the strs re extremely distnt: the nerest, Proxim Centuri, is 4.24 light yers (~ 10 13 km) wy. This mens tht their prllx is extremely smll. Prllx is the pprent shifting

More information

Edexcel GCE Core Mathematics (C2) Required Knowledge Information Sheet. Daniel Hammocks

Edexcel GCE Core Mathematics (C2) Required Knowledge Information Sheet. Daniel Hammocks Edexcel GCE Core Mthemtics (C) Required Knowledge Informtion Sheet C Formule Given in Mthemticl Formule nd Sttisticl Tles Booklet Cosine Rule o = + c c cosine (A) Binomil Series o ( + ) n = n + n 1 n 1

More information

Definition :- A shape has a line of symmetry if, when folded over the line. 1 line of symmetry 2 lines of symmetry

Definition :- A shape has a line of symmetry if, when folded over the line. 1 line of symmetry 2 lines of symmetry Symmetry Lines of Symmetry Definition :- A shpe hs line of symmetry if, when folded over the line the hlves of the shpe mtch up exctly. Some shpes hve more thn one line of symmetry : line of symmetry lines

More information

Parallel Projection Theorem (Midpoint Connector Theorem):

Parallel Projection Theorem (Midpoint Connector Theorem): rllel rojection Theorem (Midpoint onnector Theorem): The segment joining the midpoints of two sides of tringle is prllel to the third side nd hs length one-hlf the third side. onversely, If line isects

More information

#A42 INTEGERS 11 (2011) ON THE CONDITIONED BINOMIAL COEFFICIENTS

#A42 INTEGERS 11 (2011) ON THE CONDITIONED BINOMIAL COEFFICIENTS #A42 INTEGERS 11 (2011 ON THE CONDITIONED BINOMIAL COEFFICIENTS Liqun To Shool of Mthemtil Sienes, Luoyng Norml University, Luoyng, Chin lqto@lynuedun Reeived: 12/24/10, Revised: 5/11/11, Aepted: 5/16/11,

More information