Alternative Monitoring Technologies: A Brief Overview

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1 Alternative Monitoring Technologies: A Brief Overview a technical solution to meet every need Cemtek Environmental Inc S. Orange Ave. Santa Ana, CA

2 What s New? Mercury Particulate Tunable Diode Laser Spectroscopy - TDLAS NH3, HCl, H2S, HCN, O2, + Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy FTIR NH3, HCl, NO, NO2, CO, CO2, SO2, + Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy CRDS HCl, CO, SO3, NH3, O2, HF, H2O, + Wavelength Scanning Spectroscopy (WSS) CO, CO2, CH4, H2S, H2O + more Quantum Cascade Lasers CO, NO, NO2, CO2, SO2. 2

3 Mercury Monitoring Systems

4 Mercury Detection Technologies Continuous Monitoring Cold Vapor Atomic Fluorescence Example: Thermo Freedom Mercury Series Continuous Batch Measurement Pre-Concentration on Gold Filter, Thermal Desorption, Atomic Fluorescence Example: Tekran Series 3300 Long Term Batch Measurement Sorbent Trap or Appendix K Example: Apex Instruments 4

5 Thermo Environmental The Mercury Freedom System Dilution Based Measurement Inertial Filter Sample Conditioning Conversion at the Stack Direct Measurement CVAF High Sensitivity True Real-Time Monitoring Modular Design iseries Platform

Thermo Environmental Model 80i Hg Analyzer Direct Measurement CVAF Continuous measurement No additional gasses required Diluted Sample Lower

6 Thermo Environmental Model 80i Hg Analyzer Direct Measurement CVAF Continuous measurement No additional gasses required Diluted Sample Lower moisture, less reactive Speciating Measures either Hg T or Hg 0 Analyzer Detection Limit: Currently ~1 ng/m 3 (~0.1 ppt) No Cross Interference with SO 2

7 Thermo Environmental Hg Fluorescence Hg + h (254 nm) Hg* I a K f Hg* Hg + h (254 nm) I a = I o [I-e -{ax(hg)} ] SAMPLE IN I f I o ax(hg) or K (Hg) High Intensity Hg Lamp Reflective Filtering Enhanced Light Baffling Bandpass Filter LAMP SUPPLY SAMPLE OUT ELECTRONICS PHOTO MULTIPLIER TUBE

8 Continuous Batch Monitoring Tekran M&C Hg Probe Model 3320 Sample Conditioner Model 2537A AF Analyzer Model 3310 Calibration Unit

9 Tekran Instruments Principles of Operation Mercury in sample gas is pre-concentrated onto (pat d) pure gold cartridge Adsorbed mercury is thermally desorbed Detected by atomic fluorescence detector Two cartridges are used to alternately sample and desorb allowing continuous operation No gaps in data stream

10 Tekran Instruments Flow Diagram of Mercury Analyzer (Pat d)

11 Apex Instruments HGP Dual Trap Sampling Probe (shown with optional pitot) Configuration: Heated Sample Probe Dual Probe Heaters Length (4,6,9,12ft Standard) Material C276 Hastelloy or 316 SS Enclosure Insulated SS Junction Box Trap Sizes 10mm Large Standard Optional 6mm Small Trap Adapter Paired trap holders Pitot Tube Optional S Type Pitot 11

12 Apex Instruments XC-6000EPC Flow Diagram 12

13 Apex Instruments Sorbent Trap Configuration: Section 1: Sample Collection Section Section 2: Breakthrough Indicator Section Section 3: Vapor-Spike Section to Measure Recovery 13

14 Particulate Monitoring Systems

15 Particulate Wet FGD Scrubber Particulate Monitoring Saturated stack applications Opacity monitors cannot transmit light through saturated stack Example: Sick FWE 200 Particulate Monitor Dry Stack Particulate Monitoring

16 Particulate Sick FWE 200 Particulate Monitor

17 Particulate Sick FWE 200 Principle of Operation

18 Laser Based Analyzer Systems

19 TDL & QC Analyzers Unisearch TDL for NH3, HCl, HCN, CO, O2 AP2E Cavity Ringdown for SO3 Los Gatos Research/ABB Off Axis CRDS for ppb level measurements. Cemtek Instruments WSS Optical GC s Cascade Technologies UK Multi-gas analyzers & In-Situ Probes using QC Lasers TDL Sensors UK. QCL rack mount analyzers for trace level CO, NO, N2O, HCl, SO2 etc.

20 Tunable Diode Lasers What are Tunable Diode Lasers? Small crystals of Ga, As, Sb, P Similar to those used in telecommunications, CD players, and laser printers Emits laser radiation when an electric current is applied Laser center wavelength depends on composition of crystal Wavelength can be changed over a narrow range by changing current, or over a wider range by changing laser operating temperature Permits scanning over entire absorption feature

21 Tunable Diode Laser Ammonia Slip Measurement Techniques CO CO 2 NH 3 H 2 O O 2 NO 2 SO 2 NO SO 3 Near Infrared Visible Near UV 1500 nm 700 nm 350 nm NIR TUNABLE DIODE LASER ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY VIS-UV DIFFERENTIAL OPTICAL ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY

22 IR Spectroscopy Tunable Diode Lasers I = I o e - c l Absorbance Absorption region Side wavelengths, without absorption Emission Wavelength

23 Dual Pass (Mono-static) Duct Configuration DUCT Fiber-optic & coax cables Analyzer

24 AP2E Cavity Ringdown Analyzer 24

25 Direct SO3 Measurement Without Interferences SO 3

26 CEMGAS: Direct SO3 Measurement Without Interferences SO 3

ProCeas : Improving On Existing Laser IR Spectrometry SO 3 Summary of Improvements. 1. Higher Sensitivity (more signal / less noise) 2. Multi-Gas Capable - No Interference 3.

29 ProCeas : Improving On Existing Laser IR Spectrometry SO 3 Summary of Improvements. 1. Higher Sensitivity (more signal / less noise) 2. Multi-Gas Capable - No Interference 3. No Sample Conditioning - Low Maintenance 4. Low Fouling Low Maintenance 5. Faster Transfer Time Faster Gas Cell T90 Faster Response 6. Self-Referencing No Re-Zero Required. 7. Self-Stabilizing No Drift.

30 Los Gatos Research High resolution absorption coupled with long pathelengths. Highly Specific to the target gas. No cross interference. No moving parts High degree of sensitivity - single ppb levels. Most sales have been in laboratory & research applications. Rugged design makes it suitable for industrial applications with the proper sample handling.

apps (C 2 H 2 in olefin plants, H 2 S in nat gas, industrial emissions) Environmental

31 High-resolution absorption spectra Chemometrics enables quantification of multiple gases in complex mixtures Single-laser instrument accurately reports multiple gas species Industrial apps (C 2 H 2 in olefin plants, H 2 S in nat gas, industrial emissions) Environmental applications (methane isotopes) Emerging apps (chemical weapons, VOC monitoring, breath analyses)

32 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy FTIR Basic Concepts Most Molecules Absorb Infrared (IR) Light: The patterns of IR wavelengths (colors) they absorb are unique to each molecule The amount of light they absorb is proportional to their concentration As a Result: The presence of specific compounds can be unequivocally determined by the absorption patterns The concentration of the compounds can be measured by the strength of the absorption patterns

33 Schematic of FTIR Modulator Fixed Mirror Moving Mirror Collimating Mirror Beam splitter Waveform Addition Aperture Focusing Mirror IR Source

34 FTIR - Interior of Shell System

35 Cemtek Instruments WSS Optical GC Wavelength Scanning Spectroscopy. Gas specific optical filter & detector. Conventional Extractive or Dilution Extractive Single & Multi-pass Cells. Potential for open path & cross duct monitoring. Class 1 Div Options Potential to replace GC s

Wavelength Scanning Spectroscopy (WSS) Non-contact, flow-through no sensor poisoning long-term stability Single-element detector high performance-to-cost ratio Wavelength scanning simultaneous

36 Wavelength Scanning Spectroscopy (WSS) Non-contact, flow-through no sensor poisoning long-term stability Single-element detector high performance-to-cost ratio Wavelength scanning simultaneous multi-compound high stability & selectivity Versatile platform UV IR wavelength regions various kinds of light sources are easily coupled Advanced signal processing interference compensation baseline stability High Etendue optical system High sensitivity fast measurement (< 1 second) opaque liquid & solid measurements 36

37 Multiple Cell Configurations Short path liquid cell Modular, single-pass sensor design In-line configuration Double-pass sensor head Single-pass in a rackmount enclosure

38 Multiple Gas Analysis Applications: Natural Gas composition Btu Content measurement Gas Turbine fuel control Alternate Biogas Fuels Zero cross - sensitivity Real Time operation to replace GC Applications: C1 C5 for total gas analysis CO, CO2, HCl, NH3, NO, NOx GC replacement potential for Isobutene, N- Hexane, Propane, Isopentane, N-Pentane, N- Butane, Methane, Argon,

39 Multi-gas analysis

41 Acid or Sour Gas H 2 S, CH 4, C 2 H 6, C 3 H 8, i-c 4 H 10, n-c 4 H 10, C 5 H 12, CO 2, optional NH 3 &/or H 2 0, BTU Calorific/heating value, Wobbe indexsru (Sulfur Recovery Units), feed-gas analysis, acid-gas removal, tail-gas treatment. Full C1 thru C5 speciation. All optical analyzer for H2S, h\hydrocarbon & CO2 Measuremnts.

42 Olefins Analyzer CH 4, C 2 H 6, C 2 H 4, C 3 H 8, C 3 H 6, i-c 4 H 10, n-c 4 H 10, upto 20 alkanes, alkynes, alkenes, CO, CO 2, H 2 S and analog inputs including H 2 and O 2 Ethylene & Propylene Fractionation, & Acetylene Conversion process monitoring. Furnace cracking process monitoring. De- Methanization, De-Ethanization, & De- Butanization process monitoring. Ethylene Fractionation, Propylene Fractionation, & Acetylene Conversion process monitoring Storage of Ethane & Ethylene

43 TDL Sensors TDL Gas analyzers QCL gas analyzers Low ppb sensitivity Rack mount, easy to use. Interface & control with laptop or DAHS CO, NO, NH3, N2O, NO2, CH4, H2S, SO2 etc. Higher cost than conventional rack mount but better accuracy. Simple - no moving parts.

44 TDL Sensors Analyzer

45 Analyzer: Inside Multi-pass optical cell Control and signal processing electronics (embedded system) TDL Sensors Rack Mount 45

46 Robust, Stable Optical Cell Fixed pathlength optical cell that is not dependant on mirror reflectivity 46

47 Performance & Sensitivity CO concentration (ppmv) VERY high sensitivity! /02/ :39 05/02/ :42 05/02/ :45 Time Mean = ppm = ppm Parts per billion resolution of CO concentration Latest version of instrument can achieve 2 ppb resolution

48 Conclusion Questions? Thank You for Attending!

SERVOTOUGH SpectraScan

SERVOTOUGH SpectraScan Continuous, real-time analysis of light hydrocarbons Jan Hordijk - Servomex Hydrocarbon stream analysis 5 major technologies used in HydroCarbon land for gas: IR (Infra Red) Laser