Nanoparticles and the environment: behaviour, ecotoxicity and fate
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1 Nanoparticles and the environment: behaviour, ecotoxicity and fate Dept. de Biologia and CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro
2 March 2014 collects information on scientific-technical issues that should be considered when reviewing the current EC nanomaterial definition; to identify where the EC definition diverges from other definitions; how and in which context the EC nanomaterial definition is currently used.
3 ENVIRONMENT SAFE characteristics of nanomaterials and nanoparticles that can be changed by industry in order to produce SUSTAINABLE NANO
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5 nanoall.blogspot.com skincare.allwomenstalk.com
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7 dangerous or PBT
8 Some physico-chemical properties requested by REACH Melting Point Boiling Point Relative Density Vapour Pressure Surface Tension Water Solubility Octanol:Water Partition Coefficient (logp) Flash Point Dissociation Constant (pka)
9 Agglomeration State Concentration Shape Surface Speciation Surface Charge Size Surface Functionality Size Distribution Porosity / Surface Area Composition Structure / Crystallinity Hassellöv and Kaegi, 2009
10 Hassellöv and von der Kammer, SETAC short course 2009
11 Dissolution Science of The Total Environment 438,
12 ph Environmental factors Surface charge (aggregation), ligands; Ionic strength Aggregation Dissolved organic matter Soil pore water and surface waters Surface changes Transmit negative charges Can work as natural stabilizer of nanoparticles against aggregation. Oxford Nano Summer School 9/7/10 Claus Svendsen:
13 Diversity of the aquatic ecosystems in Europe Class 1&2- represent low ionic strength, low divalent ions, low carbonate: (high stability) Class 5&6- represent high ionic strength, high divalent ions, high carbonate: (low stability) Martin Hasselhov
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15 What are NM/NP characteristics that are important and should be part of legislation? How to explain differences in toxicity regarding the NP studied (type and characteristics)? How/ in what direction should knowledge be produced and how to develop? R&D vs Industry Safe and Sustainable NM/NP
16 Ag NP COATING DISSOLUTION CONSIDER THE TOXICITY OF THE COATING ALONE Consider Ag NP, Ag+, Ag complexes AGGLOMERATION AGGREGATION Consider the behaviour in the exposure media
17 MBL ASTM Reconstituted water
18 AgNP in tap water (Aveiro, Portugal) Fresh After 48h
19 Soil matrix- more complex matrix Unspiked soil Ag NP clusters Aggregates nm single particles 5-8 nm TEM images of unspiked (A) and Ag NP spiked (nominal concentration 800 mg Ag/kg) (B, C and D) Lufa 2.2 soil. It was possible to detect Ag NP clusters (B), aggregates of nm (C), and single particles of 5-8 nm (D).
20 Raphidocelis subcapitata: Media Fractionation 50ml Total Ag (Ag tot ) MBL media with Ag Filtered with 0.45μm: Dissolved Ag (Ag dis ) Ultracentrifuged with 3kDa filters: Ionic Ag (Ag ionic ) Relate effects to exposure Algae cells
21 Species Endpoint(s) EC 50 (μg/l) Growth Inhibition AgNP AgNO Immobilisation Feeding inhibition Reproduction Mortality Ribeiro et al (2014) Science of the Total Environment, (C), doi: /j.scitotenv
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23 Concentration-response relationship for the combination of Ag-NPs and AgNO 3 showing a dose ratio dependence for the survival of Daphnia magna. with time increase of dissolution increase of toxicity
24 Deriving PNECs for Risk Assessment
25 PREDICTED ENVIRONMENTAL CONCENTRATION
26 RQ = PEC i PNEC i Mapping risk
27 Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemical substances Emerging substances EU Water Framework Directive
28 European Commission under the Seventh Framework Programme. Theme 4: NMP Nanosciences, Nanotechnologies, Material and new Production Technologies and Theme 6 Environment (including Climate Change). Grant Agreement no. CP-FP NanoFATE Financiamento pelo FEDER através do COMPETE- Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade, e financiamento nacional através da FCT-Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCOMP FEDER ).
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