Multi-Season Plants for Pollinators - Utilizing Top Sources of Pollen and Nectar

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Flora McCoy
5 years ago
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1 Multi-Season Plants for Pollinators - Utilizing Top Sources of Pollen and Nectar A healthy and diverse landscape benefits the environment vital to humans, pollinators, birds and wildlife. Note: Often, plants that provide the best forage can sometimes be considered invasive, messy, unremarkable or not the most desirable in terms of their quality as a specimen plant, particularly in residential settings. It is, therefore, important to remember how vital these basic plants actually are to the overall ecosystem, and to thoroughly investigate plant materials prior to use to make sure they are compatible with your planting design, space, soils, and sun exposure. Although there are thousands of potential plants that can be used to benefit pollinators, the following offer a higher level of pollen and or nectar, through multiple seasons and habitats (trees, under-canopy shrubs, perennials): *Denotes Importance for Pollen or Nectar or both. All of these plants are important to honeybees and other pollinators, with the most important in italic bold. (Note: For the Upper Fell s Point Community Garden, we do not allow invasive plants including, but not limited to, mint, morning glory and trumpet vine.) FEBRUARY-MARCH* (Coming out of winter, honeybees will be essentially starving and needing to be fed, good forage plantings are critical to honeybees at this and all times of the year). TREES:* *****Acer Saccharum (Silver Maple) MOST IMPORTANT ***Corylus Americana (American Hazelnut) ***Acer Rubrum (Red Maple) **Cornus Mas (Cornelian Cherry) SHRUBS:* **Sarcococca (sweet box) *Hamamelis vernalis (witch hazel) Lindera benzoin and obtusiloba (spice bush) *Parrotia persica (parrotia) 1

2 ** FEBRUARY-MARCH, continued SHRUBS, continued: *Jasminium nudiflorum (winter jasmine) *Viburnum bodnantense (fragrant viburnum) ***Lonicera fragrantissima (winter honeysuckle) ***Salix Caprea (goat willow) Helleborus species, especially foetidus** BULBS:** ***Eranthis hyemalis (winter aconite) ***Galanthus nivalis (snowdrops) **Crocus varieties **Scilla siberica and tubergeniana APRIL TREES: **Acer platanoides (Norway maple) **Cercis Canadensis (Redbud) ***Malus Floribunda (Ornamental Apple, Crabapple) **Prunus Accolade (Ornamental Cherry) *Prunus armeniaca (apricot) ****Prunus avium (sweet cherry) *Prunus domestica (plum) *Prunus mume (Japanese Apricot) ***Prunus Okame (ornamental cherry) 2

3 APRIL, continued TREES, continued: *Prunus laurocerasus (cherry laurel) *Prunus Persica (peach) **Prunus tomentosa (Manchu cherry) **Prunus Yedoensis (yoshino cherry) *Pyrus communis (pear) *Salix alba (white willow) *Salix babylonica (weeping willow) SHRUBS: *Amelanchier laevis (serviceberry) ***Berberis lologensis and ottawensis **Chaenomeles japonica (Japanese Quince) *Corylopsis veitchiana (Winter Hazel) **Cotoneaster horizontalis (cotoneaster) *Elaeagnus multiflora (elaeagnus) **Enkianthus perulatus (Enkianthus) **Pachysandra terminalis (pachysandra) *Pieris Japonica (Japanese Andromeda) ***Ribes grossularia (gooseberry) **Ribes nigrum, rubrum, sanguineium (black, red, flowering currant) **Skimmia japonica (skimmia) *Spirea prunifolia (Bridal wreath) 3

4 APRIL, continued Ajuga reptans Aquilegia canadensis (eastern columbine) Brunnera macrophylla Chrysogonum Virginianum (Golden Star) Euphorbia (spurge) *Helleborus orientalis (Lenten Rose) *Mertensia Virginica (Virginia bluebells) BULBS: *Crocus Chionodoxa forbesii (Glory of the Snow) Hyacinths orientalis (hyacinth) *Hynacinthoides hispanica (Spanish Bluebell) *Muscari armeniacum (Grape Hyacinth) *Ornithogalum umbellatum (Star of Bethlehem) MAY TREES: *Acer spicatum (mountain maple) *Aesculus x carnea (Red Horse Chestnut) ***Aesculus hippocastaneum (Horse Chestnut) *Aesculus Pavia (red buckeye) Catalpa speciosa (western catalpa) Crataegus oxyacantha (English hawthorn) ****Gleditsia triacanthos (honey locust) MOST IMPORTANT 4

5 MAY, continued TREES, continued: *Halesia (silver bell) ***Ilex Opaca (American holly) Laburnum vossil (golden chain tree) ***Liriodendron chinense (Chinese Tulip Tree) *****Liriodendron tulipfera (tulip tree) MOST IMPORTANT Magnolia macrophylla (large leafed magnolia) ***Malus domestica (apple) ***Malus floribunda (ornamental apple) ***Malus spectabilis (Chinese flowering crabapple) **Morus alba, nigra (mulberry) *Paulownia tomentosa (Empress tree) *Prunus subhirtella (Weeping Higan Cherry) *Prunus serotine (black cherry) **Pyrus calleryana (Bradford pear) Sassafras albidum (sassafras) ***Sorbus amurensis, rufoferruginea (mountain ash) **Styrax japonica Pink Charm (Japanese snowbell) Quercus alba (white oak) *****Robinia pseudoacacia (black locust) MOST IMPORTANT SHRUBS: Buxus sempirvirens (boxwood) **Cotoneaster dammeri (cotoneaster) **Cytisus praecox Wilhelmina, Maria Burkwood (broom) Elaeagnus umbellate (autumn olive) 5

6 MAY, continued SHRUBS, continued: **Enkianthus campanulatus Red Bells (enkianthus) Euonymous alatus (burning bush) *Fothergilla gardenia (dwarf fothergilla) ***Hydrangea quercifolia (oakleaf hydrangea) ***Kolkwitzia amabilis (beauty bush) *Poncirus trifoliate (hardy orange) *Pyracantha coccinea (firethorn) ***Rosa Nevada (Nevada rose) ***Rubus fruticosus (blackberry) ****Rubus idaeus (raspberry) Stephanandra incisa Crispa (stephanandra) ***Vaccinium corymbosum (highbush blueberry) Viburnum sieboldii (viburnum) ***Vitis vinifere (grape) Weigela florida (weigela) Wisteria floribunda *Anchusa azurea (Italian bugloss) Armeria maritima (thrift) *Baptisia tinctoria (Indigo weed) Delosperma (ice plant) *Fragaria chiloensis x amanasa (strawberries) Galium odoratum (Sweet Woodruff) Lamium maculatum (dead nettle) 6

7 MAY, continued **Lonicera japonica, maackie, tatarica (honeysuckle) *Oenethera species *Paenia lactiflora, suffruticosa (peony, tree peony) Papaver orientale (oriental poppy) *Stylophorum diphyllum (celandine poppy) *Polygonum affine (knotweed) *Primula japonica (primula) **Pulmonaria officinalis (lungwort) ***Salvia officinalis (sage) Tiarella cordifolia (foamflower) ***Tradescantia virginiana (spiderwort) Trollius cultorum Orange Princess (globeflower) Viola sororia (violet) BULBS: ***Allium giganteum Globemaster (giant allium) **Allium schoenoprasum (chives) *Convallaria majalis (lily of the valley) *Leucojum aestivum (summer snowflake) JUNE TREES: Aesculus octandra (yellow buckeye) ***Ailanthus altissima (tree of heaven) ***Castanea crenata (Japanese chestnut) 7

8 JUNE, continued TREES, continued: **Cornus macrohylla (large leaf dogwood) ***Crataegus phaenopyrum (Washingnton Hawthorn) ****Nyssa ssylvatica (Tupelo, Sour Gum) ****Rhus typhina (Stag s Horn sumac) *Sorbus Alnifolia (Korean Mountain ash) **Stewartia pseudocamellia (False Camellia) **Styrax Japonica (Japanese Snowbell) *****Tilia cordata (Little Leaf Linden) MOST IMPORTANT SHRUBS: ****Callicarpa dichotoma (beauty berry) *Cotoneaster hupehensis (Cotoneaster) **Hyrdrangea petiolaris (climbing hydrangea) ****Ilex verticillata (winterberry) *Itex virginica (Sweetspire) **Ligustrum vulgare (Privet) **Photinia orientalis (photinia) ***Rosa species (rose) * Sambucus candensis Nova ***Amorpha fruticose (false indigo) ***Ampelopsis brevipedunculata (porcelain ivy) **Asclepias incarnata (swamp milkweed) **Asclepias syriaca (common milkweed) 8

9 JUNE, continued Continued *Centaurea cyanus (cornflower) *Coreopsis *Filipendula rubra (Queen of the Prarie) ***Geranium Johnson Blue (Cranesbill) **Geranium magnificum (Cranesbill) ***Hyssopus officinalis (Hyssop) **Lavandula angustifolia (Lavender) ***Leonus cardiac (Motherwort) **** Mentha spicata (spearmint) ***Nepeta mussini (Catmint) **Nepeta sibirica (Siberian catmint) **Oenonthera missouriensis (Evening Primrose) *Oenethera perennis (Sundrop) **Opuntia (Prickly Pear) *Polygonum polymorphum (Knotwood) ***Salvia superba (salvia) **Sedum acre and Kamtschaticum (Stonecrop) **Solidaster luteus (Solidaster) **Sorbaria sorbifolia (False Spirea) *Stachys officinalis (Lamb s Ears) ***Thymus praecox and vulgaris (thyme) ****Trifolium repens (White Dutch Clover) *Valeriana officinalis (Vaalerian) **Verbascum phlomoides (Mullein) 9

10 JUNE, continued VINES: ***Celastrus scandens (bittersweet) **Lonicera (honeysuckle) BULBS: **Allium moly (Golden Garlic) **Allium ostrowskianum (Ornamental onion) ***Allium tuberosum (Chinese chives) **Eremus robustus (Desert Candle) ANNUALS: ***Fagopyrum sagittatum (Buckwheat) *****Phacelia tanacetifolia (Fiddleneck) Zinnia elegans (Zinnia) JULY TREES: **Albizia julibrissin (Mimosa) *****Evodia danielli (Bee Bee Tree) MOST IMPORTANT ****Franklinia alatamaha (Franklinia) ***Koelreuteria paniculata (Golden Rain Tree) ***Lagerstroemia Fantasy (Crape Myrtle) ***Magnolia Grandiflora (Southern Magnolia) ****Oxydendrum arboretum (Sourwood) 10

11 JULY, continued SHRUBS **Aesculus Parviflora (Dwarf Horsechestnut) **Clethra alnifolia (sweet pepper bush) ***Clethra barbinevis (cllethra) **Cyrilla racemiflora (Leatherwood) **Hibiscus syriacus (Rose of Sharon) ****Ilex glabra (Inkberry) *Spirea bumalda Magic Carpet **Agastache (Giant Hyssop) Anethum graveolens (Dill) *Angelica atropurpurea (Angelica) ***Asclepias tuberosa (Milkweed) *Asparagus *Centranthus ruber (Red Valerian) *Cimicifuga racemosa (Snakeroot) Now called Actaea **Echinacea purpurea (Purple coneflower) **Echinops exaltus (Russian globe thistle) ***Eryngium planuum (Flat leaved eryngium) *Eupatorium dubium (Joe Pye Weed) **Eupatorium fistulosum Gateway (Joe Pye Weed, Trumpet Weed) **Eupatorium maculatum (Spotted Joe Pye Weed) *Eupatorium rugose (White Snakeroot) *Gaillardia grandiflora (Gaillardia) 11

12 JULY, continued PERENNIALS, continued: *Gaillardia pulchella (Painted Gaillardia) **Geranium magnificum (geranium) *Heliopsis helianthoides (Heliopsis) ***Hosta fortunei (Plantain lily) *Linaria maroccana (Toadflax) **Lobelia cardinalis (Cardinal flower) **Lythrum virgatum Rose Queen *Monarda didyma (Beebalm) *Monarda domestica (Sweet Bergamot) *Oenothera biennis (Common Evening Primrose) *Phlox paniculata (Summer Phlox) ***Pycnathemum tenuifolium (Mountain mint) *Pycnanthemum incanum (Hoary mountain mint) Rudbeckia fulgida (Black Eyed Susan) *Rudbeckia hirta (Gloriosa Daisy) ***Salvia farinacea (Mealy Cup Sage) *Salvia Nemorosa Snow Hill (Salvia) **Sempervivum arachnoideium (Cobweb Houseleek) **Silybum marianum (St. Mary s Thistle) **Solidago Goldstrahl (Goldenrod) *Verbascum chaixii and olympicum (Mulleein) ***Veronica spicata (Speedwell) 12

13 JULY, continued PERENNIALS, continued: *Veronicastrum virginica (Culvers Root) BULBS: **Allium sphaerocephalon (Drumstick allium) VINES: *Parthenocissuc quinquefolia (Virginia Creeper) ****Parthenocissus tricuspidata (Boston Ivy) ***Phaseoleus lunatus (Lima bean) ANNUALS: **Cleome hassleriana (spider lily) *Cucumis sativus (cucumber) *Cucurbita pepo (pumpkin) ***Majorana hortensis (Sweet Marjoram) ***Ocimum basilicum (basil) ***Pentas (Egyptian star cluster) AUGUST: TREES: ****Aralia elata variegate (Japanese Angelica tree) ***Lagerstroemia indica Acoma (Crape Myrtle) 13

14 AUGUST, continued TREES, continued: *****Rhus copallina (Shiny sumac) ****Sophora japonica (Japanese Pagoda tree) SHRUBS: ***Abelia floribunda (Mexican Abelia) ***Actinomeris alternifolia (Golden Honey Plant) ****Calluna vulgaris (Heather) ****Caryopteris clandonensis (Bluebeard) ****Caryopteris incana (Bluebeard) **Hebe speciosa (Hebe) *Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemary) ****Rubus odoratus (Flowering Raspberry) ***Vitex agnus castus (Chaste tree) **Agastache anethiodora (Anise Hyssop) **Anemone tomentosa Robustissima (Windflower) ***Asclepias incarnata (Swamp Milkweed) ***Calamintha nepetoides (Calaminth) **Helenium autumnale (Sneezeweed) ***Hosta Plantanginea (Plantain lily) 14

15 AUGUST, continued PERENNIALS, continued: *Ligularia dentata (Ragwort) ***Ocimum basilicum (basil) **Ligularia stenocephala (Ragwort) ***Mentha suavolens (Apple Mint) **Nymphaea Albida (Water lily) ***Paeonia officinalis (Common Peony) ***Perovskia abrotanoides (Russian Sage) ****Rudbeckia laciniata (Coneflower) **Rudbeckia nitida (Coneflower) *Rudbeckia triloba (Coneflower) ***Sedum (Stonecrop) **Setcreasea purpurea (Purple heart) ***Veronia altissima (Ironweed) ***Veronica spicata Alba (Speedwell) VINES: **Campsis radicans (Trumpet Vine) Very Invasive! ***Clematis jouiniana (Clematis) *Clematis virginiana (Clematis) 15

16 AUGUST, continued BULBS: ****Allium aflatunense Summer Beauty (Ornamental Onion) ***Allium giganteum (Giant Onion) Lycoris squamigera (Resurrection lily) ANNUALS: ***Allium cepa (Regional onion) ***Borago officinalis (Borage) ****Helianthus annuus (Sunflower) ***Ocimum basilicum Arican Blue (Basil) ***Origanium Vulgare Rotkugel (Oregano) **Tropaeolum majus (Nasturtium) **Zinnia angustifolia (Mexican Zinnia) SEPTEMBER TREES: ****Maackia amurensis (Maackia) SHRUBS: **Buddleia davidii (Butterfly Bush) ***Hydrangea paniculata (Pee Gee Hydrangea) ***Rhus chinensis (Chinese sumac) 16

17 SEPTEMBER, continued **Boltonia asteroids snowbank (False Starwort) *Cimicifuga Misty Blue (Snakeroot) - Now called Actaea **Eupatorium serotinum (Thoroughwort) *Melampodium divaricatum (Melampodium) **Polygonum affine compactum (Knotweed) **Polygonum cuspidatum (Japanese Knotweed) ***Salvia Indigo spires (sage) **Salvia involucrate Rosebud (Roseleaf Sage) ***Sedum Spectabile Matrona (Stonecrop) (hates heavy soils) **Sedum Spectabile Brilliant (Stonecrop) ***Sedum Autumn Joy (Stonecrop) *Sedum Neon (Stonecrop) *Tricyrtis Sinonome (Toadlily) VINES: ***Hedera Helix (English Ivy) (kills trees!) **Ipomea purpurea (Morning Glory) **Polygonum aubertii (Silver Lace Vine) BULBS: **Colchicum autumnale (Autumn Crocus) 17

18 SEPTEMBER, continued ANNUALS: Helianthus tuberosus (Jerusalem Artichoke) OCTOBER TREES: ***Elaeagnus pungens (Thorny Elaeagnus) SHRUBS: ****Lespedeza thunbergii (Bush Clover) **Anemone Honorine Jjobert (Windflower) **Aster novae-angliae Alma Potschke (Aster) ***Aster novae-angliae (Aster) **Aster Laevis Bluebird (Aster) **Chrysanthemum maximum x superbum (Shasta Daisy) *Cimicifuga racemosa (Snakeroot) - Now called Actaea **Eupatorium rugosum Chocolate (Wild Snakeroot) **Helianthus angustifolius Mellow Yellow (Swamp Sunflower) **Helianthus maximilliani (Maximillian Sunflower) **Salvia coccinea (Texas sage) ***Salvia guarantica (Sage) ***Salvia leucantha (Mexican Bush Sage) 18

19 OCTOBER, continued PERENNIALS, continued: **Salvia splendens Van Houttei (Scarlet Sage) ***Solidago rugose Fireworks (Goldenrod) BULBS: ***Allium Cernuum (onion) ***Crocus specious (crocus) **Sternbergia lutea (Lily of the Field) NOVEMBER TREES: *Hamamelis Viginiana (Witch Hazel) SHRUBS: ***Osmanthus armatus (Osmanthus) ***Osmanthus fragrans (Fragrant Osmanthus) ***Aster tataricus (Tatarian Aster) ***Chrysanthemum pacificum (Chrysanthemum) - Now called Ajania ***Chrysanthemum rubellum (Chrysanthemum) **Salvia elegans (Sage) Note: Multiple sources were used to compile and check the accuracy of this list, including Garden Plants for Honey Bees by Peter Lindtner, The Manual of Woody Landscape Plants by Michael Dirr, Native Plants for Wildlife Habitat and Conservation Landscaping by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Google. 19

Larval Hosts: plant these -- and feed baby birds! Common name Scientific name Growth form Leaf type Soil type Flower & fruit dates

Larval Hosts: plant these -- and feed baby birds! Oaks Quercus velutina, t d w, m, d Spring; Fall Q. rubra, Q. coccinea, Q. falcata Birches Betula nigra, B. lenta t d w, m Mar-Apr; May-Jun Ironwood, American