Welcome to Limerick City & County Council Annual Tidy Towns Seminar 2016
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1 Welcome to Limerick City & County Council Annual Tidy Towns Seminar 2016
2 Tourism Towns Awards Adare Best Small Town Highly Commended Moyross Tidy Towns Special Category Innovative Award Kilteely Pride of Place 2015 Overall Winner - Category 1
3 Wildlife, Habitats & Natural Amenities Category Dr. Liam Lysaght Director National Biodiversity Data Centre Limerick City and County Council Tidy Town Seminar 9 th February 2016
4 Topics to cover Giving pollinators a helping hand Tackling Invasive Species Getting involved
5 Tackling Invasive Species
6 What is an invasive species? Invasive species are non-native species that have been introduced, generally by human intervention, outside their natural range and whose establishment and spread can threaten native ecosystem structure, function and delivery of services. Socio-economic impacts: tourism, water quality, flooding etc
7 Floating pennywort Didemnum vexillum Chub Phytophthora ramorum WIKIcommons - GFDL Chinese mitten crab Rohan Holt - CCW Harlequin ladybird John Coyne - IFI RHS.org.uk Slipper limpet Chinese mitten crab Alan Cullagh - SRFB Siberian chipmunk Rollin Verlinde - GISD Asian clam Muntjac deer F. Kavanagh Bloody-red shrimp Evelyn Moorkens Wild boar/hybrids GB NNSS GB NNSS Marcin penk Jim Mitchell - GISD
8 JAPANESE KNOTWEED HIMALAYAN BALSALM GIANT HOGWEED
9 HIMALAYAN BALSALM Impatiens glandulifera 1906 Asia, Western Himalayas
10 HIMALAYAN BALSALM
11 Impatiens glandulifera Himalayan balsam 1906 Asia, Western Himalayas
12 JAPANESE KNOTWEED Fallopia japonica
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14 - beautiful exotics 1902 Asia, Japan, Korea, SW China, Taiwan..
15 GIANT HOGWEED Heracleum mantegazzianum
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17 Giving pollinators a helping hand
18 Helping our pollinators
19 WHY IS POLLINATION IMPORTANT? 7 million/annum 3.9 million/annum In Ireland within the last ten years the value of soft fruit, field vegetable, and apple production has increased by 17, 21 and 24% respectively
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21 BEES IN IRELAND Ireland has 98 bee species:
22 BUMBLEBEES: 20 different species Gypsy Ray John Breen Ralph Sheppard John Breen Dara Stanley Ralph Sheppard
23 BUMBLEBEES - LIFECYCLE Underground, north facing banks Hibernation site Queen emerges from hibernation in early spring Food source Forage and find a nest Nest site Long grass, hedgerows Prepares a pollen loaf and a nectar pot and starts laying eggs fertilised with sperm stored from previous year Mated new queen forages to build up reserves before hibernation. Workers, males and old queen die Female workers emerge and take over nest duties Food source New queens and males leave the nest to find mates In mid-late summer the queen lays unfertilised eggs which will become males. She also allows some new queens to develop Queen remains in the nest laying eggs Food source
24 BUMBLEBEES NEED FOOD SOURCES THROUGHOUT THE YEAR EARLY SPRING: queens are establishing nests In the early days of the nest it is estimated that a Bombus terrestris queen may have to visit as many as 6000 flowers/day to get enough nectar to maintain the heat needed to brood her eggs SPRING SUMMER: nests are growing, workers are active AUTUMN: queens are fattening up ready for hibernation Bombus terrestris queens need to weigh at least 0.6 g to successfully hibernate and emerge next spring.
25 SOLITARY BEES: 77 different species Mining bees Cuckoo bees Sweat bees Mason bees Leaf cutter bees Sharp-tailed bees White-faced bees
26 SOLITARY BEES - LIFECYCLE Mate Nest site Females and males emerge in spring Female prepares a nest The larvae overwinter Female lays eggs and leaves a food supply of pollen Food source Males and females die
27 WHAT DO SOLITARY BEES NEED? 62 species (80%) are mining bees who nest in bare ground or south/east facing banks of bare earth (soil, sand, clay, peat) John O Boyle Joanna Hodghton John O Boyle
28 15 species are cavity nesting bees who nest in south facing stone walls, masonry wooden structures or commercially available nest boxes Michael O Donnell John O Boyle
29 ARE POLLINATORS DECLINING IN IRELAND? More than half of Ireland s bee species have undergone substantial declines in their numbers since Two species have become extinct One third of our 98 bee species are threatened with extinction from Ireland 6 species are critically endangered, 10 endangered 14 vulnerable
30 WHY ARE POLLINATORS DECLINING? Bees are declining because we ve drastically reduced the areas where they can nest and the amount of food our landscape provides for them. We ve also inadvertently introduced pests and diseases that negatively impact their health, and we subject them to levels of pesticides that make it difficult for them to complete their life cycles. HABITAT LOSS: HOMELESSNESS GENERAL DECLINE IN WILDFLOWERS: HUNGER PESTS AND DISEASE: SICKNESS PESTICIDES: POISONING CLIMATE CHANGE: CHANGING ENVIRONMENT
31 Published on 17 th September 2015 Developed by a 15 member steering group Included a consultation phase which involved both public & stakeholder engagement 68 governmental and nongovernmental organisations have agreed the shared Plan Identifies 81 actions to make Ireland pollinator friendly
32 The Plan is supported by 67 organisations
33 Create linking areas of flower-rich habitat along transport routes
34 Create linking areas of flower-rich habitat along transport routes
35 Increase the area land that is managed in a pollinator friendly way Single flowered annuals Perennial beds
36 Somewhere safe to live FOOD, SHELTER & SAFETY Bumblebees (20 species) Mining solitary bees (62 species) Long grass, base of hedgerow Bare ground, south/east facing banks Cavity nesting solitary bees (15 species) Minimise the use of pesticides Don t disturb nesting or hibernating pollinators Hollow stems, holes in wood, bee nest boxes
37 Enough food to eat FOOD, SHELTER & SAFETY Important food sources: Willow (2-5) Dandelion (3-10) Clover (5-9) Bramble (5-9) Food from spring through to autumn A range of plants balanced diet
38 Hawthorn (5-6) Ivy (9-11) Bird s foot trefoil (6-9) Knapweed (6-9) Scabious (7-8) Senecio (6-9) Thistle (7-9) Vetch (5-9) Achillea (7-9) Bluebell (4-6) Brassica (4-8) Butterbur (3-5) Charlock (4-7) Coltsfoot (3-4) Daucus carota (6-8) Dead-nettle (2-11) Fleabane (7-8) Forget-me-not (4-9) Foxglove (6-9) Geranium sp (5-9) Goldenrod (7-10) Hawksbeard (6-9) Heathers (8-9) Hogweed (6-9) Melilotus (6-9) Mignonette (5-9) Mustard (5-9) Radish (6-7) Rape (4-6) Red bartsia (6-9) Rosebay willowherb (7-9) Stachys (7-9) Turnip (5-8) Veronica (3-9) Vetchling (5-8) Wild marjoram (7-9) NATIVE These plants are either good for all bees, or particularly important for honeybees, bumblebees or solitary bees Horse chestnut (4-6) Lime (6-7) Sycamore (4-6) Apple (4-5) Plum (4-5) Currant (4-5) Cherry (4-5) Raspberry (6-8) Firethorn (5-6) Berberis (4-5) Borage (4-10) Rosemary (4-6) Thyme (5-8) Lavender (6-8) Sage (6-8) Basil (7-9) Oregano (6-8) Aster (7-10) Allium (6-8) Comfrey (3-6) Crocus (2-3) Bellflower (6-9) Calamint (5-9) Catmint (5-9) Coneflower (7-10) Delphinium (6-7) Gaillardia (6-9) Globe thistle (7-8) Heathers (8-9) Phacelia (4-12) Poppy (5-10) Pulmonaria (3-5) Rock rose (5-7) Salvia (6-9) Stonecrop (7-9) Sunflower (8-10) Verbena (7-10) Viper's bugloss (6-7) PLANTED
39 Native plants Changing the management of a site slightly could help increase the number of pollinator friendly native plants Hedgerows, grassy verges/banks Meadows or areas of long grass Edges of lawns or tracks that are not sprayed Wilder corners that are not sprayed Hawthorn (5-6) Ivy (9-11) Daucus carota (6-8) Goldenrod (7-10) Hogweed (6-9) Melilotus (6-9) Mignonette (5-9) Rosebay willowherb (7-9) Stachys (7-9) Bird s foot trefoil (6-9) Knapweed (6-9) Scabious (7-8) Senecio (6-9) Thistle (7-9) Vetch (5-9) Achillea (7-9) Wild marjoram (7-9) Vetchling (5-8) Dead-nettle (2-11) Forget-me-not (4-9) Geranium sp (5-9) Hawksbeard (6-9) Veronica (3-9) Bluebell (4-6) Brassica (4-8) Butterbur (3-5) Coltsfoot (3-4) Foxglove (6-9) Mustard (5-9) Radish (6-7) Rape (4-6) Turnip (5-8) Fleabane (7-8) Charlock (4-7) Red bartsia (6-9) Good for all bees, or particularly important for honeybees, bumblebees or solitary bees
40 Deliberate planting Trees/shrubs Horse chestnut (4-6) Lime (6-7) Sycamore (4-6) Firethorn (5-6) Berberis (4-5) Fruit trees/bushes Apple (4-5) Plum (4-5) Currant (4-5) Cherry (4-5) Raspberry (6-8) Herb bed Borage (4-10) Rosemary (4-6) Thyme (5-8) Lavender (6-8) Sage (6-8) Basil (7-9) Oregano (6-8) These are all just examples - there are many other native and non native plants that will provide food the important thing is to provide bees with a balanced diet from spring-autumn Full lists of pollinator friendly native and horticultural plants will be available through the All-Ireland Pollinator Plan website in spring 2016 Planted beds perennial is best Aster (7-10) Allium (6-8) Comfrey (3-6) Crocus (2-3) Bellflower (6-9) Calamint (5-9) Catmint (5-9) Coneflower (7-10) Delphinium (6-7) Gaillardia (6-9) Globe thistle (7-8) Heathers (8-9) Phacelia (4-12) Poppy (5-10) Pulmonaria (3-5) Rock rose (5-7) Salvia (6-9) Stonecrop (7-9) Sunflower (8-10) Verbena (7-10) Viper's bugloss (6-7) Good for all bees, or particularly important for honeybees, bumblebees or solitary bees
41 Getting involved Getting involved
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48 How do you record? Find something of interest Write down enough details so that it can be considered a valid biological record WHERE? WHAT? WHEN? WHO? WHY? An observation Submit details to the National Biodiversity Data Centre
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51 www. biodiversityireland.ie
Beginners Course 2015.
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