Images for Nonlinear Dynamics of Passionflower Tendril Free Coiling Christina Cogdell and Paul Riechers NCASO Spring 2012
|
|
- Kristin Atkinson
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Images for Nonlinear Dynamics of Passionflower Tendril Free Coiling Christina Cogdell and Paul Riechers NCASO Spring 2012
2 Figure 1: Typical Free Coiling Patterns Showing Both Structure and Randomness Cylindrical Conical Reversals Knots Multiple Perversions 90-degree Single Perversion
3 Figures 2-3 plus bonus images: Existing Tendril Coiling Models - Invariant Helical Contact Coils Explained Using Mechanical Models Based upon Kirchhoff s Equations for Rods with Intrinsic Curvature at Equilibria in Minimal Energy State From Alain Goriely and Michael Tabor, Spontaneous Helix Hand Reversal and Tendril Perversion in Climbing Plants, Physical Review Letters 80:7 (16 Feb. 1998): Kirchhoff s equations are used to explain the presence of one or more perversions in a coil that is fixed at both ends. Actual Joined Passionflower tendils, one showing conical shape and one (below) approximating the form imagined for the Kirchhoff s equation models. Far right: Two contact coils joined together ratcheting down.
4 Figure 4: Diameter of Coil 2 =26.17% D =46.06% d =27.77% d = mm D = mm 2 = > 8mm Shannon Entropy L5 H(D) = 5.33 bits First Order Markov Chain for Diameter This maps the probability of seeing any subsymbol given knowledge of only the preceding subsymbol. d D 2 d D 2
5 Figure 5. Periodicity (# of Coils/5mm) 3 =19.39% p =53.32% P =27.29% p = 0-1 coil P = 1-4 coils 3 = > 4 coils p P 3 Shannon Entropy L5 H(P) = 4.10 bits First Order Markov Chain for Periodicity
6 Figure 8. Angular Axis Rotation 4 =76.57% 9 =15.14% 4 = degrees 9 = degrees 8 = 180 degree reversal 8 =8.29% Shannon Entropy L5 H(A) = 3.8 bits First Order Markov Chain for Angular Axis Rotation 8 8
7 Figure 9. Contact Status f =94.45% c =5.55% c = self-contact f = free f Shannon Entropy L5 H(C) = 0.85 bits First Order Markov Chain for Contact Status c c :30am :30am :00am front :00pm side view :00am side view Final, bottom side view
8 Figures 10 and 11: Free Coils with Perversions and Coiling in Multiple Places at Once Figure 10: Coiling with a Perversion
9 Figure 12: G-fiber action in G-fiber cells causes contraction and twisting. For bidirectional coiling tendrils, there is a cylinder of G-fiber cells around the tendril, responsive to touch from any side. Only a portion on the contact side become active, whereas auxin causes cell elongation on the side opposite contact.
10 Figure 13: Hypothetical Model of the Process of Tendril Coiling: G-Fiber Contraction on Contact Side + Oppositional Auxin Gradient-Induced Cell Elongation Contraction and Twist from G-Fiber Action on Contact Side (Concave Side) Contraction Mechanical Stress Travels Longitudinally Up and Down the Concave Side from G- Fiber Contraction + Differential Lignification for Variable Stiffening Cell Elongation from High Auxin Levels on Side Opposite Contact (Convex Side) Elongation Mechanical Stress Travels Longitudinally Up and Down the Convex Side from Auxin-Induced Elongation
11 Figure 14-15: Role of the Gelatinous Fiber Layer in Tendril Contraction on the Concave Side of Figure 14. Gelatinous-fiber cells have 3 cell wall layers: Primary, S1 secondary, and S2 secondary, each of which has cellulose microtubules (MTs) that provide structural support. The alternating orientation of MTs is key to cell deformation patterns under G-fiber action. Figure 15, below: Multilayered structure of the g-fiber cell, from Yamamoto, 2004.
12 Figure 16, left: Diagram of mechanical principles of coiling showing abstracted tendril cylinder with cross sections under twist + bend action, which results in a uniform helix. Diagram by Chun-Feng Liu, Emergent Technologies and Design, Architectural Association. How to Make an Invariant Helix: Twist + Bend Figure 17: Twist + Bend possible outcomes, using sine and cosine equations, by Paul Riechers. Only helices, circles, arcs and lines of uniform curvature are possible when the twist + bend angle parameters do not change.
13 Working Hypothesis of Tendril Coiling Process: Auxin Acts as a Morphogen Triggering Cell Elongation on Convex Side of Coil Figure 18, above: Phototropic response showing PIN3 polarization carrying auxin to side opposite light toward greatest auxin concentration, where it triggers cell elongation causing the plant to curve and grow toward the light. From Ding, Zhaojun et al, Light-mediated polarization of the PIN3 auxin transporter for the phototropic response in Arabidopsis, Nature Cell Biology 13:4 (April 2011): Figure 19, above: Diagram showing auxin gradients and polar auxin transport in Arabidopsis root apex. From Bhalero, Rishikesh and Malcolm Bennett, The case for morphogens in plants, Nature Cell Biology 5:11 (November 2003):
14 Figures 20-21: Auxin s Role in Tropic Responses to Environmental Stimuli: Curvature Variations via Cell Elongation in Phototropism, Gravitropism, Thigmotropism Above: Diagram showing auxin diffusion into a cell and active transport out of the cell via PIN1. From Benjamin, Rene, and Ben Scheres, Auxin: The Looping Star in Plant Development, Annual Review of Plant Biology 59 (2008): Above: Alignment of Microtubules and PIN1 polarity orientation owing to upstream mechanical stress; shoot apical meristem epidermal cells respond to stress by reorganizing their MT arrays to be parallel to the direction of the largest principle stress. PIN1 alignment then directs auxin along its polarity path unidirectionally toward the opposite side where cells elongate. From Heiser, Marcus et al, Alignment between PIN1 Polarity and Microtubule Orientation in the Shoot Apical Meristem Reveals a Tight Coupling between Morphogenesis and Auxin Transport, PLOS Biology 8:10 (October 2010): e
15 Figure 22: Some of the fascinating patterns that free coiling tendrils exhibit that have changing radii, periodicity and curvature, including perfect spirals.
How plants respond to their environment
Travis Lick Biology How plants respond to their environment Plants, with their roots firmly fixed in the earth, seem immobile and vulnerable compared to animals, but this does not prevent them from reacting
More informationSTRESS STRAIN AND DEFORMATION OF SOLIDS, STATES OF STRESS
1 UNIT I STRESS STRAIN AND DEFORMATION OF SOLIDS, STATES OF STRESS 1. Define: Stress When an external force acts on a body, it undergoes deformation. At the same time the body resists deformation. The
More informationORGANISMS RESPOND TO CHANGES IN THEIR INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENTS
MODULE 6 ORGANISMS RESPOND TO CHANGES IN THEIR INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENTS BIOLOGY NOTES I have designed and compiled these beautiful notes to provide a detailed but concise summary of this module.
More informationThe Mechanics and Dynamics of Tendril Perversion in Climbing Plants
The Mechanics and Dynamics of Tendril Perversion in Climbing Plants Alain Goriely and Michael Tabor University of Arizona, Program in Applied Mathematics, Building #89, Tucson, AZ85721, Université Libre
More informationUNIT 1 STRESS STRAIN AND DEFORMATION OF SOLIDS, STATES OF STRESS 1. Define stress. When an external force acts on a body, it undergoes deformation.
UNIT 1 STRESS STRAIN AND DEFORMATION OF SOLIDS, STATES OF STRESS 1. Define stress. When an external force acts on a body, it undergoes deformation. At the same time the body resists deformation. The magnitude
More informationPlants are sessile. 10d-17/giraffe-grazing.jpg
Plants are sessile www.mccullagh.org/db9/ 10d-17/giraffe-grazing.jpg Plants have distinct requirements because of their sessile nature Organism-level requirements Must adjust to environment at given location
More informationChapter 39. Plant Reactions. Plant Hormones 2/25/2013. Plants Response. What mechanisms causes this response? Signal Transduction Pathway model
Chapter 39 Plants Response Plant Reactions Stimuli & a Stationary life Animals respond to stimuli by changing behavior Move toward positive stimuli Move away from negative stimuli Plants respond to stimuli
More informationCh 25 - Plant Hormones and Plant Growth
Ch 25 - Plant Hormones and Plant Growth I. Patterns of plant growth A. Plant continue to grow, even in old age. i.e. new leaves, needles, new wood, new cones, new flowers, etc. B. Meristem continues to
More informationRegulatory Systems in Plants (Ch 39)
Regulatory Systems in Plants (Ch 39) Plants show complex responses to environmental stimuli Problem: no nervous system (detection) & no muscular system (response) Various mechanisms for detecting stimuli
More informationPlant Responses. NOTE: plant responses involve growth and changes in growth. Their movement is much slower than that of animals.
Plant Responses A stimulus is anything that causes a reaction in an organism. Examples: light, gravity and temperature A response is the activity of an organism as a result of a stimulus. Examples: Growth,
More informationLECTURE 4: PHOTOTROPISM
http://smtom.lecture.ub.ac.id/ Password: https://syukur16tom.wordpress.com/ LECTURE 4: PHOTOTROPISM LECTURE FLOW 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. INTRODUCTION DEFINITION INITIAL STUDY PHOTROPISM MECHANISM PHOTORECEPTORS
More informationChapter 25 Plant Processes. Biology II
Chapter 25 Plant Processes Biology II 25.1 Nutrients and Transport Plants grow by adding new cells through cell division Must have steady supply of raw materials to build new cells Nutrients (most) Plants
More informationFrom Genome to Phenotype: Modeling the interaction of physical and chemical signals in plant meristems. Meyerowitz Lab and many collaborators
From Genome to Phenotype: Modeling the interaction of physical and chemical signals in plant meristems Meyerowitz Lab and many collaborators Needs to understand tissues, morphogenesis and development:
More informationKINGS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING QUESTION BANK. Subject code/name: ME2254/STRENGTH OF MATERIALS Year/Sem:II / IV
KINGS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING QUESTION BANK Subject code/name: ME2254/STRENGTH OF MATERIALS Year/Sem:II / IV UNIT I STRESS, STRAIN DEFORMATION OF SOLIDS PART A (2 MARKS)
More informationCONTROL SYSTEMS IN PLANTS
AP BIOLOGY PLANTS FORM & FUNCTION ACTIVITY #5 NAME DATE HOUR CONTROL SYSTEMS IN PLANTS HORMONES MECHANISM FOR HORMONE ACTION Plant Form and Function Activity #5 page 1 CONTROL OF CELL ELONGATION Plant
More informationTravis Lick. Plant movement
Travis Lick Plant movement Plants, with their roots firmly fixed in the earth, seem immobile and vulnerable compared to animals, but this does not prevent them from reacting to stimuli in their environment.
More informationSec. 2.1 Filaments in the cell 21 PART I - RODS AND ROPES
Sec. 2.1 Filaments in the cell 21 PART I - RODS AND ROPES Sec. 2.1 Filaments in the cell 22 CHAPTER 2 - POLYMERS The structural elements of the cell can be broadly classified as filaments or sheets, where
More informationMembers Subjected to Torsional Loads
Members Subjected to Torsional Loads Torsion of circular shafts Definition of Torsion: Consider a shaft rigidly clamped at one end and twisted at the other end by a torque T = F.d applied in a plane perpendicular
More informationAP Plants II Practice test
AP Plants II Practice test Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. The figure below shows the results of a study to determine the effect
More informationChapter Introduction Lesson 1 Energy Processing in Plants Lesson 2 Plant Responses Chapter Wrap-Up
Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 Energy Processing in Plants Lesson 2 Plant Responses Chapter Wrap-Up Materials for Plant Processes Xylem and phloem the vascular tissue in most plants transport materials
More informationPlant. Responses and Adaptations. Plant Hormones. Plant Hormones. Auxins. Auxins. Hormones tell plants:
Plant Responses and Adaptations Plant Hormones Hormone - a substance that is produced in 1 part of an organism & affects another part of the same individual (a chemical messenger) Plant hormones are chemical
More informationSupplementary Material For: Modeling halotropism: A key role for root tip architecture and reflux loop remodeling in redistributing auxin
Supplementary Material For: Modeling halotropism: A key role for root tip architecture and reflux loop remodeling in redistributing auxin Thea van den Berg, Ruud Korver, Christa Testerink, Kirsten ten
More informationPLANT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION Read pages Re-read and then complete the questions below.
PLANT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION Read pages 600-602. Re-read and then complete the questions below. 1. PLANT TISSUES - plant tissues are made up of 3 basic cell types: Parenchyma, Collenchyma or Sclerenchyma
More informationPossible mechanisms for initiating macroscopic left-right asymmetry in developing organisms
Possible mechanisms for initiating macroscopic left-right asymmetry in developing organisms Chris Henley, Ricky Chachra, Jimmy Shen Cornell U. [Support: U.S. Dept. of Energy] APS March Meeting, Mar. 2,
More informationChapter 33 Plant Responses
Chapter 33 Plant Responses R. Cummins 1 Chapter 33 Plant Responses External Factors Light, Day Length, Gravity, Temperature Internal Factors Hormones R. Cummins 2 Tropisms R. Cummins 3 Phototropism and
More informationPlant Responses and Adaptations Video
Plant Responses and Adaptations Video Hormone -a substance that is produced in one part of an organism & affects another part of the same individual Plant hormones are chemical substances Control a plant
More informationBio 100 Guide 27.
Bio 100 Guide 27 http://www.offthemarkcartoons.com/cartoons/1994-11-09.gif http://www.cneccc.edu.hk/subjects/bio/album/chapter20/images/plant_growth.jpg http://pgjennielove.files.wordpress.com/2008/06/apical_meristem.png
More informationQuestion 1. Question 2
Question 1 Figure 29-26 shows cross sections of two long straight wires; the left-hand wire carries current i 1 directly out of the page. The net magnetic field due to the two currents is to be zero at
More informationName Class Date. In the space provided, write the letter of the description that best matches the term or phrase.
Assessment Chapter Test B Plant Responses In the space provided, write the letter of the description that best matches the term or phrase. 1. thigmonasty 2. auxin 3. ethylene 4. phytochrome 5. abscisic
More informationBIO1PS 2012 Plant Science Lecture 4 Hormones Pt. I
BIO1PS 2012 Plant Science Lecture 4 Hormones Pt. I Dr. Michael Emmerling Department of Botany Room 410 m.emmerling@latrobe.edu.au Hormones and Ghost gum Eucalyptus papuana Coordination ~3 Lectures Leaves
More informationChapter 39. Plant Response. AP Biology
Chapter 39. Plant Response 1 Plant Reactions Stimuli & a Stationary Life u animals respond to stimuli by changing behavior move toward positive stimuli move away from negative stimuli u plants respond
More informationPlant Structure, Growth, and Development
Plant Structure, Growth, and Development Plant hierarchy: Cells Tissue: group of similar cells with similar function: Dermal, Ground, Vascular Organs: multiple kinds of tissue, very diverse function Organ
More informationMagnetic Fields due to Currents
Observation: a current of moving charged particles produces a magnetic field around the current. Chapter 29 Magnetic Fields due to Currents Magnetic field due to a current in a long straight wire a current
More informationTopic 14. The Root System. II. Anatomy of an Actively Growing Root Tip
Topic 14. The Root System Introduction. This is the first of two lab topics that focus on the three plant organs (root, stem, leaf). In these labs we want you to recognize how tissues are organized in
More informationQUESTION BANK DEPARTMENT: CIVIL SEMESTER: III SUBJECT CODE: CE2201 SUBJECT NAME: MECHANICS OF SOLIDS UNIT 1- STRESS AND STRAIN PART A
DEPARTMENT: CIVIL SUBJECT CODE: CE2201 QUESTION BANK SEMESTER: III SUBJECT NAME: MECHANICS OF SOLIDS UNIT 1- STRESS AND STRAIN PART A (2 Marks) 1. Define longitudinal strain and lateral strain. 2. State
More informationEssential idea: Plants adapt their growth to environmental conditions.
9.3 Growth in plants AHL https://c1.staticflickr.com/3/2347/2573372542_a959ecfd4f_b.jpg Essential idea: Plants adapt their growth to environmental conditions. Boxwood, Pivet and Yew are plants commonly
More informationThe dispersion relation and time evolution of a twisted planar ring
The dispersion relation and time evolution of a twisted planar ring Abstract In this report I study the Kirchhoff equations, which are the basis for considering elastic filaments, in the context of a twisted
More informationREVIEW 7: PLANT ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY UNIT. A. Top 10 If you learned anything from this unit, you should have learned:
Period Date REVIEW 7: PLANT ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY UNIT A. Top 10 If you learned anything from this unit, you should have learned: 1. Gas exchange a. structure: stomates b. function: diffusion, supports
More informationForces in Everyday Life
reflect What kinds of things can do work? You probably answered that people do work. Perhaps you also thought of machines that help us do work, like scissors or bicycles. Perhaps you thought of animals
More informationarxiv:cond-mat/ v1 [cond-mat.soft] 29 May 2002
Stretching Instability of Helical Springs David A. Kessler and Yitzhak Rabin Dept. of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel (Dated: October 31, 18) arxiv:cond-mat/05612v1 [cond-mat.soft] 29 May
More informationPLANTS: RESPONSES AND HORMONES. Student Packet
AP * BIOLOGY PLANTS: RESPONSES AND HORMONES Student Packet AP* is a trademark of the College Entrance Examination Board. The College Entrance Examination Board was not involved in the production of this
More informationTopic 15. The Shoot System
Topic 15. The Shoot System Introduction. This is the second of two lab topics that focus on the three plant organs (root, stem, leaf). In these labs we want you to recognize how tissues are organized in
More informationCE6306 STRENGTH OF MATERIALS TWO MARK QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS ACADEMIC YEAR
CE6306 STRENGTH OF MATERIALS TWO MARK QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS ACADEMIC YEAR 2014-2015 UNIT - 1 STRESS, STRAIN AND DEFORMATION OF SOLIDS PART- A 1. Define tensile stress and tensile strain. The stress induced
More informationChapter 23: Plant Diversity and Life Cycles
Chapter 23: Plant Diversity and Life Cycles Section 1: Introduction to Plants Cuticle: a waxy or fatty and watertight layer on the external wall of epidermal cells Spore: a reproductive cell or multicellular
More informationTOPIC 9.3 GROWTH IN PLANTS
TOPIC 9.3 GROWTH IN PLANTS 9.3 A Growth INTRO http://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/18130/social-suggested-images/plant_growing.jpeg IB BIO 9.3 3 In general, plants are able to grow indeterminately. This means
More informationBald cypress Taxodium distichum in a swamp in North Carolina
Bald cypress Taxodium distichum in a swamp in North Carolina Bald cypress is another deciduous gymnosperm. It is native to the SE United States. It can tolerate a wide range of soil conditions. It is not
More informationPlant Structure and Organization - 1
Plant Structure and Organization - 1 In our first unit of Biology 203 we will focus on the structure and function of the higher plants, in particular the angiosperms, or flowering plants. We will look
More informationChapter 39: Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals
AP Biology Reading Guide Name Chapter 39: Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals Concept 39.1 Signal transduction pathways link signal reception to response This concept brings together the general
More informationName (Please Print)...
Prince Sultan University Department of Mathematics & Physics PHY205- Physics2 Final Exam First Semester, Term 161 Sunday 22/1/2017 Examination Time : 120 minutes Name (Please Print).............................
More informationPlant Development. Chapter 31 Part 1
Plant Development Chapter 31 Part 1 Impacts, Issues Foolish Seedlings, Gorgeous Grapes Gibberellin and other plant hormones control the growth and development of plants environmental cues influence hormone
More information(A) Ethylene (B) Absisic acid (C) Auxin (D) Gibberellin (E) Cytokinin
College Biology - Problem Drill 17: Plant Function Question No. 1 of 10 1. Which of the following plant hormones is responsible for phototropism? Question #01 (A) Ethylene (B) Absisic acid (C) Auxin (D)
More informationCampbell's Biology: Concepts and Connections, 7e (Reece et al.) Chapter 33 Control Systems in Plants Multiple-Choice Questions
Campbell's Biology: Concepts and Connections, 7e (Reece et al.) Chapter 33 Control Systems in Plants 33.1 Multiple-Choice Questions 1) Which of the following is a health benefit associated with increasing
More informationCONTROL OF GROWTH BY HORMONES
CONTROL OF GROWTH BY HORMONES Growth and organogenesis are controlled......by genes (independent of environment): e.g., number of primary vascular bundles, general shape of a leaf or flower...by genes
More informationPlant Processes. Plant Responses
CHAPTER 11 Plant Processes LESSON 2 Plant Responses What do you think? Read the three statements below and decide whether you agree or disagree with them. Place an A in the Before column if you agree with
More informationChapter 33 Control Systems in Plants
Chapter 33 Control Systems in Plants PowerPoint Lectures for Biology: Concepts & Connections, Sixth Edition Campbell, Reece, Taylor, Simon, and Dickey Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Lecture by
More informationShoot System. Root System. below-ground organs (roots) Dermal Tissue. Ground Tissue. Vascular Tissue. above-ground organs (leaves, stems, flowers)
Shoot System above-ground organs (leaves, stems, flowers) Root System below-ground organs (roots) Dermal Tissue type of plant tissue that is the outer covering of the plant and serves as a protective barrier
More informationNAME: Given Formulae: Law of Cosines: Law of Sines:
NME: Given Formulae: Law of Cosines: EXM 3 PST PROBLEMS (LESSONS 21 TO 28) 100 points Thursday, November 16, 2017, 7pm to 9:30, Room 200 You are allowed to use a calculator and drawing equipment, only.
More information23-. Shoot and root development depend on ratio of IAA/CK
Balance of Hormones regulate growth and development Environmental factors regulate hormone levels light- e.g. phototropism gravity- e.g. gravitropism temperature Mode of action of each hormone 1. Signal
More informationCBSE CLASS X MATH
CBSE CLASS X MATH - 2011 Q.1) Which of the following cannot be the probability of an event? A. 1.5 B. 3 5 C. 25% D. 0.3 Q.2 The mid-point of segment AB is the point P (0, 4). If the Coordinates of B are
More informationChapter 28 Magnetic Fields Sources
Chapter 28 Magnetic Fields Sources All known magnetic sources are due to magnetic dipoles and inherently macroscopic current sources or microscopic spins and magnetic moments Goals for Chapter 28 Study
More informationQUESTION BANK SEMESTER: III SUBJECT NAME: MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
QUESTION BANK SEMESTER: III SUBJECT NAME: MECHANICS OF SOLIDS UNIT 1- STRESS AND STRAIN PART A (2 Marks) 1. Define longitudinal strain and lateral strain. 2. State Hooke s law. 3. Define modular ratio,
More informationSprings Lecture 3. Extension Springs
Springs Lecture 3 Extension Springs Carry tensile loading Extension springs Max. Normal stress at A due to Bending and Axial loading σ A K A 6D 4 F K A + 3 πd πd 4C 4C C ( C ) r d C Max. torsional stress
More informationPLANT GROWTH. IB Topic 9.3 & 9.4 Urry text ref: Ch 28 & 31
PLANT GROWTH IB Topic 9.3 & 9.4 Urry text ref: Ch 28 & 31 INDETERMINATE GROWTH = throughout life meristems like stem cells in humans Shoot tip (shoot apical meristem and young leaves) lateral Axillary
More informationAssessment Schedule 2013 Biology: Demonstrate understanding of the responses of plants and animals to their external environment (91603)
NCEA Level 3 Biology (91603) 2013 page 1 of 6 Assessment Schedule 2013 Biology: Demonstrate understanding of the responses of plants and animals to their external environment (91603) Assessment Criteria
More informationLecture 19. A Sieve Plate with large Sieve Pores. Secondary Phloem. Secondary phloem (cont d)
Lecture 19 Secondary phloem (cont d) Secondary Phloem in Tilia americana (American Basswood) Secondary Phloem of Tilia Stained with Toluidine Blue & viewed with Crossed Polarizers. Secondary Phloem A Sieve
More informationA. Stimulus Response:
Plant Hormones A. Stimulus Response: A house plant on a windowsill grows light. If you rotate the plant, it reorients its growth until its leaves face the window again. The growth of a shoot towards light
More informationA developmental geneticist s guide to roots Find out about the hidden half of plants
the Centre for Plant Integrative Biology A developmental geneticist s guide to roots Find out about the hidden half of plants What do roots look like from the inside? How do roots form? Can we improve
More informationAdvanced Structural Analysis EGF Section Properties and Bending
Advanced Structural Analysis EGF316 3. Section Properties and Bending 3.1 Loads in beams When we analyse beams, we need to consider various types of loads acting on them, for example, axial forces, shear
More informationDescribe plant meristems. Where are they located? perpetually embryonic cells found at tips of roots and shoots (apical vs.
Which conditions have the higher rate of transpiration? Light or dark: Humid or dry: Breezy or still air: Hot or warm: light (need CO 2 for photosyn.) dry (lower H 2 O potential out) breezy (greater evaporation)
More informationPlant Bodies as Systems
Plant Bodies as Systems Objectives: Explain the organization of Plants Identify and describe the different body systems in a plant Evaluate how the survival needs of plants are met by systems working together
More informationPERIYAR CENTENARY POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE PERIYAR NAGAR - VALLAM THANJAVUR. DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING QUESTION BANK
PERIYAR CENTENARY POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE PERIYAR NAGAR - VALLAM - 613 403 - THANJAVUR. DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING QUESTION BANK Sub : Strength of Materials Year / Sem: II / III Sub Code : MEB 310
More informationCHARACTERIZATION OF NONLINEAR NEURON RESPONSES
CHARACTERIZATION OF NONLINEAR NEURON RESPONSES Matt Whiteway whit8022@umd.edu Dr. Daniel A. Butts dab@umd.edu Neuroscience and Cognitive Science (NACS) Applied Mathematics and Scientific Computation (AMSC)
More informationPlant Anatomy. By Umanga Chapagain
Plant Anatomy By Umanga Chapagain PLANT ANATOMY The science of the structure of the organized plant body learned by dissection is called Plant Anatomy. In general, Plant Anatomy refers to study of internal
More informationStrength of Materials Prof S. K. Bhattacharya Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur Lecture - 18 Torsion - I
Strength of Materials Prof S. K. Bhattacharya Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur Lecture - 18 Torsion - I Welcome to the first lesson of Module 4 which is on Torsion
More informationPlant Responses to Internal and External Signals
LECTURE PRESENTATIONS For CAMPBELL BIOLOGY, NINTH EDITION Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson Chapter 39 Plant Responses to Internal
More informationOverview of Plant Tissues
Plant Tissue Growth Key Concepts Overview of Plant Tissues Seed-bearing vascular plants have a shoot system with stems, leaves, and reproductive parts Most also have a root system These systems consist
More informationEF 151 Final Exam, Fall, 2010 Page 1 of 9. EF 151 Final Exam, Fall, 2010 Page 2 of 9
EF 151 Final Exam, Fall, 2010 Page 1 of 9 EF 151 Final Exam, Fall, 2010 Page 2 of 9 Instructions Do not open the exam until instructed to do so. Name, section, and netid will be written on the 1 st page
More informationQuestion Figure shows the strain-stress curve for a given material. What are (a) Young s modulus and (b) approximate yield strength for this material?
Question. A steel wire of length 4.7 m and cross-sectional area 3.0 x 10-5 m 2 stretches by the same amount as a copper wire of length 3.5 m and cross-sectional area of 4.0 x 10-5 m 2 under a given load.
More informationCampbell Essential Biology, 6e (Simon/Dickey/Hogan/Reece) Chapter 29 The Working Plant
Campbell Essential Biology, 6e (Simon/Dickey/Hogan/Reece) Chapter 29 The Working Plant Chapter 29 Learning Outcomes 29 Biology and Society: Planting Hope in the Wake of Disaster 29.1. Explain how phytoremediation
More informationChapter 22 Magnetism
Chapter 22 Magnetism 1 Overview of Chapter 22 The Magnetic Field The Magnetic Force on Moving Charges The Motion of Charged Particles in a Magnetic Field The Magnetic Force Exerted on a Current-Carrying
More informationLesson Overview The Structure of DNA
12.2 THINK ABOUT IT The DNA molecule must somehow specify how to assemble proteins, which are needed to regulate the various functions of each cell. What kind of structure could serve this purpose without
More informationPLANT HORMONES AND PLANT DEFENCE MECHANISMS 24 APRIL 2013
PLANT HORMONES AND PLANT DEFENCE MECHANISMS 24 APRIL 2013 Lesson Description In this lesson, we: Discuss general functions of the following plant hormones: - Auxins - Gibberellins - Abscisic acid Discuss
More informationUNIT 6 - STRUCTURES OF FLOWERING PLANTS & THEIR FUNCTIONS
6.1 Plant Tissues A tissue is a group of cells with common function, structures or both. In plants we can find 2 types of tissues: Meristem Permanent tissues Meristem is found in regions with continuous
More informationMemoir on the analytical expression of the elasticity and stiffness of curves of double curvature
Mémoire sur l expression analytique de élasticité et de la raideur des courbes à double courbure J Ecole poly Cahier XVII 10 (1815) 418-456 Memoir on the analytical expression of the elasticity and stiffness
More informationChapter 3. Load and Stress Analysis
Chapter 3 Load and Stress Analysis 2 Shear Force and Bending Moments in Beams Internal shear force V & bending moment M must ensure equilibrium Fig. 3 2 Sign Conventions for Bending and Shear Fig. 3 3
More informationPH2200 Practice Final Exam Summer 2003
INSTRUCTIONS 1. Write your name and student identification number on the answer sheet. 2. Please cover your answer sheet at all times. 3. This is a closed book exam. You may use the PH2200 formula sheet
More informationEXAM 1. WAVES, OPTICS AND MODERN PHYSICS 15% of the final mark
EXAM 1 WAVES, OPTICS AND MODERN PHYSICS 15% of the final mark Autumn 2018 Name: Each multiple-choice question is worth 3 marks. 1. A light beam is deflected by two mirrors, as shown. The incident beam
More informationWhat were some challenges that plants had to overcome as they moved to land? Drying out in the sun Conserving water Reproduction without water
Classification of Plants (Ch. 22) The 3 major characteristics that make an organism a plant are: Multicellular eukaryote Cell walls with cellulose Carry out photosynthesis Plants most likely evolved from:
More informationTorsion Spring Oscillator with Dry Friction
Torsion Spring Oscillator with Dry Friction Manual Eugene Butikov Annotation. The manual includes a description of the simulated physical system and a summary of the relevant theoretical material for students
More informationMECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS
Chapter Nine MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS MCQ I 9.1 Modulus of rigidity of ideal liquids is (a) infinity. (b) zero. (c) unity. (d) some finite small non-zero constant value. 9. The maximum load a wire
More informationChapter 35~ Plant Structure and Growth
Chapter 35~ Plant Structure and Growth Plant Organization Plant morphology is based on plant s evolutionary history Need to draw in nutrients from the ground and the air Plant Organs Root system = roots
More informationAngle of the Dangle. Simulating the effect of gravity on plants. Overview. Biological and agricultural concepts
-----"' Lesson1 ~ Angle of the Dangle Simulating the effect of gravity on plants Overview Plants respond to the force of gravity. However, because gravity is constant and can't be manipulated, it is difficult
More informationEXAM-3 PHYS 201 (Fall 2006), 10/31/06
EXAM-3 PHYS 201 (Fall 2006), 10/31/06 Name: Signature: Duration: 75 minutes Show all your work for full/partial credit! Include the correct units in your final answers for full credit! Unless otherwise
More information1 of 12. Given: Law of Cosines: C. Law of Sines: Stress = E = G
ES230 STRENGTH OF MATERIALS FINAL EXAM: WEDNESDAY, MAY 15 TH, 4PM TO 7PM, AEC200 Closed book. Calculator and writing supplies allowed. Protractor and compass required. 180 Minute Time Limit You must have
More informationTIME OF COMPLETION NAME SOLUTION DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL SCIENCES. PHYS 1112, Exam 2 Section 1 Version 1 April 2, 2013 Total Weight: 100 points
TIME OF COMPLETION NAME SOLUTION DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL SCIENCES PHYS 1112, Exam 2 Section 1 Version 1 April 2, 2013 Total Weight: 100 points 1. Check your examination for completeness prior to starting.
More informationChapter #35~ Plant Structure and Growth
Chapter #35~ Plant Structure and Growth What part of a plant is represented by each of these: Carrot Celery Red Pepper Tomato Lettuce Garbanzo Bean Angiosperm structure Three basic organs: Roots (root
More informationPhysics 3 Summer 1989 Lab 7 - Elasticity
Physics 3 Summer 1989 Lab 7 - Elasticity Theory All materials deform to some extent when subjected to a stress (a force per unit area). Elastic materials have internal forces which restore the size and
More informationPlant Growth and Development
Plant Growth and Development Concept 26.1 Plants Develop in Response to the Environment Factors involved in regulating plant growth and development: 1. Environmental cues (e.g., day length) 2. Receptors
More informationNumerical simulation of the coil spring and investigation the impact of tension and compression to the spring natural frequencies
Numerical simulation of the coil spring and investigation the impact of tension and compression to the spring natural frequencies F. D. Sorokin 1, Zhou Su 2 Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow,
More informationChapter 31 Active Reading Guide Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals
Name: AP Biology Mr. Croft Chapter 31 Active Reading Guide Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals This concept brings together the general ideas on cell communication from Chapter 5.6 with specific
More information