Oilseed rape pests in Norway
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1 Oilseed rape pests in Norway Nina Svae Johansen, Annette Folkedal, Gunda Thöming, Wendy Waalen Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås Norway
2 OILSEED RAPE PRODUCTION Mainly in South East Norway 41 ha 87 % spring rape 2/3 spring oilseed rape 1/3 spring turnip rape 13 % winter oilseed rape 2
3 PESTS Regular Pollen beetles (Brassicogethes/Meligethes spp.) Flea beetles (Phyllotreta spp) Occasional Diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) Brassica pod midge (Dasineura brassicae) Turnip seed weevil (Ceutorrhynchus obstrictus =C. assimilis) Cabbage stem weevil (Ceutorrhynchus quadridens = C. pallidactylus) Turnip sawfly (Athalia rosae) 3
4 PEST CONTROL Mainly insecticides Area treated Spring oilseed rape % Winter oilseed rape 10 % Treatment threshold (pollen beetles) or at appearance Growth stage No. of pollen beetles/plant Early bud stage 0,5 1,0 Medium bud stage 1 2 Late bud stage 2 3 4
5 ACTIVE SUBSTANCES 17 MoAgroup Active ingredient Field rate (AI/ha) Treatments/ year Pollen beetle Flea beetles, DBM, Turnip sawfly Cabbage seed pod weevil Cabbage stem weevil, Brassica pod midge 3A Alpha Cypermethrin X X Deltamethrin X X X Esfenvalerate X X X Lambda cyhalothrin X X X Tau fluvalinate X X X 4A Thiacloprid X X 22A Indoxacarb X Pests also in other crops 5
6 SEASONAL OCCURRENCE OF MAIN PESTS Iron phosphate Snails winter Indoxacarb Pollen beetles Winter Oilseed Rape Spring Oilseed Rape Figure from: Bekämpningsrekommendationer. Svampar och insekter 17. Jordbruksverkets växtskyddscentraler, mars
7 SEASONAL OCCURRENCE OF MAIN PESTS Snails winter Indoxacarb Pollen beetles Winter Oilseed Rape Flea beetles Diamondback Moth Pollen beetles Spring Oilseed Rape Østfold α cypermethrin Indoxacarb Tau fluvalinate Hedmark α cypermethrin Indoxacarb Thiacloprid Tau fluvalinate Figure from: Bekämpningsrekommendationer. Svampar och insekter 17. Jordbruksverkets växtskyddscentraler, mars
8 RESISTANCE MONITORING: POLLEN BEETLES Cyhalothrin/technical grade (07 17) IRAC Method no. 011 Test vials from Syngenta and Bayer CropScience Thiacloprid/Biscaya OD 240 (10 17) IRAC Method no. 021 Test vials from Bayer CropScience Indoxacarb/Avaunt 1 EC (12 17) IRAC Method no. 027 Test vials from DuPont Pollen beetles from spring oilseed rape and spring turnip rape
9 POLLEN BEETLE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO λ CYHALOTHRIN % mortality (± SE) at % field rate AKERSHUS COUNTY ØSTFOLD COUNTY HEDMARK COUNTY VESTFOLD COUNTY 9
10 POLLEN BEETLE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO λ CYHALOTHRIN % mortality (± SE) at % field rate 0 AK N 07 AK N 07 AK S 07 HE M 07 VF 07 VF 07 ØF 07 ØF 07 HE M 08 HE M 08 VF 08 AK N 10 HE S 10 HE M 10 HE M 10 VF 10 VF 10 ØF 10 AK N 12 AK N 12 AK S 12 HE S 12 HE M 12 HE M 12 ØF 12 AK S 15 AK S 15 ØF 15 ØF 15 ØF 15 AK S 16 AK S 16 ØF 16 ØF 16 AK S 17 AK S 17 AK N 17 HE M 17 HE M 17 HE M 17 VF 17 VF 17 VF 17 ØF 17 ØF 17
11 POLLEN BEETLE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO λ CYHALOTHRIN % mortality (± SE) at % field rate 0 AK N 07 AK N 07 AK S 07 HE M 07 VF 07 VF 07 ØF 07 ØF 07 HE M 08 HE M 08 VF 08 AK N 10 HE S 10 HE M 10 HE M 10 VF 10 VF 10 ØF 10 AK N 12 AK N 12 AK S 12 HE S 12 HE M 12 HE M 12 ØF 12 AK S 15 AK S 15 ØF 15 ØF 15 ØF 15 AK S 16 AK S 16 ØF 16 ØF 16 AK S 17 AK S 17 AK N 17 HE M 17 HE M 17 HE M 17 VF 17 VF 17 VF 17 ØF 17 ØF 17
12 POLLEN BEETLE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO λ CYHALOTHRIN % mortality (± SE) at % field rate 0 AK N 07 AK N 07 AK S 07 HE M 07 VF 07 VF 07 ØF 07 ØF 07 HE M 08 HE M 08 VF 08 AK N 10 HE S 10 HE M 10 HE M 10 VF 10 VF 10 ØF 10 AK N 12 AK N 12 AK S 12 HE S 12 HE M 12 HE M 12 ØF 12 AK S 15 AK S 15 ØF 15 ØF 15 ØF 15 AK S 16 AK S 16 ØF 16 ØF 16 AK S 17 AK S 17 AK N 17 HE M 17 HE M 17 HE M 17 VF 17 VF 17 VF 17 ØF 17 ØF 17
13 Resistance level (IRAC) Highly resistant (5) Resistant (4) Moderately resistant (3) Susceptible (2) Highly susceptible (1) λ CYHALOTHRIN 12 17
14 POLLEN BEETLE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO BISCAYA OD 240 AKERSHUS HEDMARK % mortality (± SE) at % field rate VESTFOLD ØSTFOLD 14
15 POLLEN BEETLE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO BISCAYA OD 240 Expected mortality AK S 12 HE S 12 HE M 12 HE M 12 ØF 12 AK S 15 AK S 15 ØF 15 ØF 15 ØF 15 AK S 16 AK S 16 ØF 16 AK S 17 AK S 17 HE M 17 HE M 17 HE M 17 VF 17 VF 17 VF 17 ØF 17 ØF 17 % mortality (± SE) at % field rate
16 BISCAYA OD 240 (THIACLOPRID) Susceptibility data 12 Mean values for 9 field strains, 12 n LC ng AI/ cm 2 95 % FI LC % FI Slope ± SE ng AI / cm ± 5 0,042 0,027 0,062 1,0 0,579 2,1 1,14 ± 0,07 Mortality at discriminating concentrations, 25 and % of recommended field rate (mean of collected strains) No. of Rate (µg AI/cm 2 ) Year Counties sites AK, HE, VF 65 ± ± 5 99 ± AK, HE, VF, ØF 42 ± ± 13 ± 14 Expected mortality (IRAC Method no. 021) ± ± 6 98 ± 3
17 AVAUNT 1 EC (INDOXACARB) Susceptibility data 12 Mean values for 7 field strains, 12 n LC ng AI/ cm 2 95 % FI LC % FI Slope ± SE ng AI / cm ± ± ± ± 0.54 Mortality at 25 and % of recommended field rate (mean of collected strains) Year No. of sites Counties Rate (ng AI/cm 2 ) HE, VF 83 ± 15 ± AK, HE, VF, ØF ± 1 ± 0 Expected mortality (IRAC Method no. 027) > >
18 TOWARDS IPM IN SPRING OILSEED CROPS IN NORWAY Project: BRAKORN (15-19) Aim in WP3: Reduced crop losses from pests and diseases. Pests with focus on: Pollen beetles Brassicogethes/Meligethes spp. Flea beetles Phyllotreta spp. 18
19 FLEA BEETLE SPECIES COMPLEX, SPRING OILSEED RAPE IN NORWAY Akershus county, Ås (first evaluated in 16) Large Striped Flea Beetle Small Striped Flea Beetle Striped Flea Beetle Foto: argoatlas.ru Foto: argoatlas.ru Foto: argoatlas.ru % Phyllotreta P. undulata P. striolata nemorum Ås
20 MELIGETHES SPECIES COMPLEX IN NORWAY Akershus/Østfold counties, 15: Species complex and resistance level Lambda cyhalotrin Biscaya OD 240 % Meligethes aeneus Foto: colpolon.biol.uni.wroc.pl Foto: LechBorowiec Foto: LechBorowiec Foto: colpolon.biol.uni.wroc.pl Foto: colpolon.biol.uni.wroc.pl % mortality at field rate ± SE % M. aeneus M. coeruleivirens M. subaeneus M.subrugosus M. viridescens Askim Ås Kråkstad Rakkestad Sarpsborg
21 TRAP CROPS Trap plants with attractive colour and odour along the field edge lure pests away from the main crop Foto: Klaus H. Hovmand Trap crop Foto: S. M. Cook Main crop 21
22 FIELD 16 Flea beetles, Phyllotreta spp. Majong WITH trap crop Majong WITHOUT trap crop Valo as trap crop Trap crop Rape Silver Shadow WITH trap crop Silver Shadow WITHOUT trap crop Majong as trap crop Trap crop Rape 22 Mean Samlet number antall leaf bladskade/plante damage / ± ± SE Samlet Mean number antall bladskade/plante leaf damage / plant ± SE ± SE
23 FIELD 16 Pollen beetles, Brassicogethes/Meligethes spp. Mean Samlet number antall beetles biller/plante / ± SE Mean Samlet number antall beetles biller/plante / ± SE ± SE Trap crop Rape Majong WITH trap crop Majong WITHOUT trap crop Valo as trap crop Silver Shadow WITH trap crop Silver Shadow WITHOUT trap crop Majong as trap crop Trap crop Rape 23
24 SUMMARY Pyrethroid resistance in pollen beetles stabilized or partly reversed? Reduced susceptibility towards thiacloprid of concern. Indoxacarb is effective, also against pollen beetles with reduced sensitivity to pyrethroids and thiacloprid Resistance in flea beetles not investigated Development of alternative control methods and anti-resistance strategies important to avoid more serious resistance problems Trap crops with summer turnip rape promising control method for flea and pollen beetles in spring oilseed rape Treatment threshold exceeded less often Pests on trap crop must be effectively controlled at the right time to avoid immigration and damage in the main crop Occurrence of species complex of flea beetles and pollen beetles in spring oilseed crops: Effect of insecticides, resistance dynamics and IPM-strategies? 24
25 Thank you for your attention!
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