SHRI VIDHYABHARATHI MATRIC HR.SEC.SCHOOL

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1 SHRI VIDHYABHARATHI MATRIC HR.SEC.SCHOOL SAKKARAMPALAYAM, AGARAM (PO) ELACHIPALAYAM TIRUCHENGODE(TK), NAMAKKAL (DT) PIN-6370 Cell : , COMMON QUARTERLY EXAMINATION 08 STD: XI-PURE SCIENCE SUBJECT: BOTANY ANSWER KEY MARKS : 70 Q.NO SECTION-I MARKS c) Mathanobacterium d)rhodospirillum- Mycorrhiza 3 a)nucule 4 c)thiruvakkarai d)potato 6 a) Allamanda-Ternate phyllotaxy 7 b) Refflasia 8 b)multicarpellary syncarpous gynoecium 9 a)shenzhen-china 0 b)-iii, -i, 3-ii, 4-iv c)knoll and Ruska a) rrna 3 c)g-s-g-m 4 b)prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase d)glycine Q.NO SECTION-II MARKS 6 Capnophilic bacterium: Bacteria which require CO for their growth are called as capnopnophilic bacteria. Example: Camphylobacter. / 7 Lichens Pollution indicators: Lichens are sensitive to air pollutants especially to sulphur-di-oxide. Therefore, they are considered as pollution indicators. 8 Systematic position of marchantla: Class-Hepaticopsida Order-Marchantiales Family-Marchantiaceae Genus-Marchantia 9 Type of bulb:. Tunicated (coated) bulb: (a) Simple Tunicated bulb Example: Allium cepa. Scaly bulb: (b) Compound Tunicated bulb. Example: Allium sativum. 0 Polygamous: The condition in which bisexual and unisexual (staminate/pistillate) flowers occur in a same plant is called polygamous. It is of several types. See box. Example: Musa, Mangifera. ½ ½ ½ SHRI VIDHYABHARATHI MAT.HR.SEC.SCHOOL, SAKKARAMPALAYAM Page

Floral formula Lamb-brush chromosome: 3 Synopsis: Pairing of homologous chromosomes takes place and it is known as synapsis. 4 Apoenzyme: the inactive enzyme without its non protein component. Q.

2 Floral formula Lamb-brush chromosome: 3 Synopsis: Pairing of homologous chromosomes takes place and it is known as synapsis. 4 Apoenzyme: the inactive enzyme without its non protein component. Q.NO SECTION-III MARKS Plasmid:.Plasmids are extra chromosomal double stranded, circular, selfreplicating, autonomous elements..they contain genes for fertility, antibiotic resistant and heavy metals. 6 Type of Mycorrhizha:.Ecto Mycorrhizha. Endo Mycorrhizha 3. Ectendo Mycorrhizha 7 Amber and their uses:.amber is a plant secretion that is a efficient preservative that doesn t get degraded and hence can preserve remains of extinct life forms..the amber is produced by Pinites succinifera, a Gymnosperm. / / 8 Parts of a leaf: Three main parts of a typical leaf are: i. Leaf base (Hypopodium) ii. Petiole (Mesopodium) iii. Lamina (Epipodium) 3 9 Gynostegium: Connation product of stamens and stigma is called gynostegium. Example: Calotropis and Orchidaceae. 30 Coenenthium: Circular disc like fleshy open receptacle that bears pistillate flowers at the center and staminate flowers at the periphery. Example: Dorstenia 3 3 Need for cladistics:. Cladistics is now the most commonly used and accepted method for creating phylogenetic system of classifications.. Cladistics produces a hypothesis about the relationship of organisms to predict the morphological characteristics of organism. 3. Cladistics helps to elucidate mechanism of evolution. SHRI VIDHYABHARATHI MAT.HR.SEC.SCHOOL, SAKKARAMPALAYAM Page

3 Significance of melosis:.this maintains a definite constant number of chromosomes in organisms..crossing over takes place and exchange of genetic material leads to variations among species.

3 3 Significance of melosis:.this maintains a definite constant number of chromosomes in organisms..crossing over takes place and exchange of genetic material leads to variations among species. These variations are the raw materials to evolution. Meiosis leads to genetic variability by partitioning different combinations of genes into gametes through independent assortment. 3.Adaptation of organisms to various environmental stress. 33 Primary metabolites: (Any three).enzymes - Protease, lipase, peroxidase.amino acid - Proline, leucine 3.Organic acid - Acetic acid, lactic acid 4.Vitamins - A, B, C Q.NO SECTION-IV MARKS 34 Draw the diagram and label the parts bacteria cell. 3 Diagram(3) Label() Characteristics features of stem: (any ). The stem is usually the aerial portion of the plant. It is positively phototropic and negatively geotropic 3. It has nodes and internodes. 4. Stem bears vegetative bud for vegetative growth of the plant, and floral buds for reproduction, and ends in a terminal bud.. The young stem is green and thus carries out photosynthesis. 6. During reproductive growth stem bears flowers and fruits. 7. Branches arise exogenously 8. Some stems bears multi cellular hairs of different kinds. 3 Characters of cyanophyceae: (Any ) The members of this group are prokaryotes and lack motile reproductive structures. The thallus is unicellular in Chroococcus, Colonial in Gloeocapsa and filamentous trichome in Nostoc. Gliding movement is noticed in some species(oscillatoria). The protoplasm is differentiated into central region called centroplasm and peripheral region bearing chromatophore called chromoplasm. The photosynthetic pigments include c-phyocyanin and c- phycoerythrin along with myxoxanthin and myxoxanthophyll. The reserve food material is Cyanophycean starch. In some forms a large colourless cell is found in the terminal or SHRI VIDHYABHARATHI MAT.HR.SEC.SCHOOL, SAKKARAMPALAYAM Page 3

4 intercalary position called Heterocysts. They are involved in nitrogen fixation. They reproduce only through vegetative methods and produce Akinetes (thick wall dormant cell formed from vegetative cell), Hormogonia (a portion of filament get detached and reproduce by cell division), fission, Endospores. The presence of mucilage around the thallus is characteristic feature of this group. Therefore, this group is also called Myxophyceae Sexual reproduction is absent. Differentiate gymnosperms and Anglosperms: (any ) S.No Gymnosperms Angiosperms. Vessels are absent Vessels are present [except Gnetales]. Phloem lacks companion Companion cells are present cells 3. Ovules are naked Ovules are enclosed within the ovary 4. Wind pollination only Insects, wind, water, animals etc., act as pollinating agents. Double fertilization is Double fertilization is present absent 6. Endosperm is haploid Endosperm is triploid 7. Fruit formation is absent Fruit formation is present 8. Flowers absent Flowers present 36 Five types of stele with diagram : (any ) The term stele refers to the central cylinder of vascular tissues consisting of xylem, phloem, pericycle and sometimes medullary rays with pith There are two types of steles. Protostele. Siphonostele. Protostele: In protostele xylem surrounds phloem. The type includes Haplostele, Actinostele, Plectostele, and Mixed protostele. (i) Haplostele: Xylem surrounded by phloem is known as haplostele. Example: Selaginella. (ii) Actinostele: Star shaped xylem core is surrounded by phloem is known as actinostele. Example: Lycopodium serratum. (iii) Plectostele: Xylem plates alternates with phloem plates. Example: Lycopodium clavatum. (iv) Mixed prototostele: Xylem groups uniformly scattered in the phloem. Example: Lycopodium cernuum. SHRI VIDHYABHARATHI MAT.HR.SEC.SCHOOL, SAKKARAMPALAYAM Page 4

5 . Siphonostele: In siphonostele xylem is surrounded by phloem with pith at the centre. It includes Ectophloic siphonostele, Amphiphloic siphonostele, Solenostele, Eustele, Atactostele and Polycylic stele. (i) Ectophloic siphonostele: The phloem is restricted only on the external side of the xylem. Pith is in centre. Example: Osmunda. (ii) Amphiphloic siphonostele: The phloem is present on both the sides of xylem. The pith is in the centre. Example: Marsilea. (iii) Solenostele: The stele is perforated at a place or places corresponding the origin of the leaf trace. (a) Ectophloic solenostele Pith is in the centre and the xylem is surrounded by phloem Example Osmunda. (b) Amphiphloic solenostele Pith is in the centre and the phloem is present on both sides of the xylem. Example: Adiantum pedatum. (c) Dictyostele The stele is separated into several vascular strands and each one is called meristele. Example: Adiantum capillus-veneris. (iv) Eustele: The stele is split into distinct collateral vascular bundles around the pith. Example: Dicot stem. (v) Atactostele: The stele is split into distinct collateral vascular bundles and are scattered in the ground tissue Example: Monocot stem. (vi) Polycyclicstele: The vascular tissues are present in the form of two or more concentric cylinders. Example: Pteridium. SHRI VIDHYABHARATHI MAT.HR.SEC.SCHOOL, SAKKARAMPALAYAM Page

Different types of placentation with example: 37 Role of national gardens in conserving blo-diversity: Botanical Gardens play the following important roles.

6 Different types of placentation with example: 37 Role of national gardens in conserving blo-diversity: Botanical Gardens play the following important roles.. Gardens with aesthetic value which attract a large number of visitors. For example, the Great Banyan Tree (Ficus benghalensis) in the Indian Botanical Garden at Kolkata.. Gardens have a wide range of species and supply taxonomic material for botanical research. 3. Garden is used for self-instruction or demonstration purposes. 4. It can integrate information of diverse fields like Anatomy, Embryology, Phytochemistry, Cytology, Physiology and Ecology.. Act as a conservation centre for diversity, rare and endangered species. 6. It offers annual list of available species and a free exchange of seeds. 7. Botanical garden gives information about method of propagation, sale of plant material to the general public. SHRI VIDHYABHARATHI MAT.HR.SEC.SCHOOL, SAKKARAMPALAYAM Page 6

7 Different between plant cell and animal cell: (Any ) S. No Plant cell Animal Cell Usually they are larger than animal cells Usually smaller than plant cells Cell wall present in addition to plasma Cell wall absent membrane and consists of middle lamellae, primary and secondary walls 3 Plasmodesmata present Plasmodesmata absent 4 Chloroplast present Chloroplast absent Vacuole large and permanent Vacuole small and temporary 6 Tonoplast present around vacuole Tonoplast absent 7 Centrioles absent except motile cells of lower plants Centrioles present 8 Nucleus present along the periphery of the cell Nucleus at the centre of the cell 9 Lysosomes are rare Lysosomes present 0 Storage material is starch grains Storage material is a glycogen granules 38 Features of DNA: If one strand runs in the -3 direction, the other runs in 3 - direction and thus are antiparallel (they run in opposite direction). The end has the phosphate group and 3 end has the OH group. The angle at which the two sugars protrude from the base pairs is about 0, for the narrow angle and 40 for the wide angle. The narrow angle between the sugars generates a minor groove and the large angle on the other edge generates major groove. Each base is 0.34 nm apart and a complete turn of the helix comprises 3.4 nm or 0 base pairs per turn in the predominant B form of DNA. DNA helical structure has a diameter of 0 A and a pitch of about 34 A. X-ray crystal study of DNA takes a stack of about 0 bp to go completely around the helix (360 ). Thermodynamic stability of the helix and specificity of base pairing includes (i) the hydrogen bonds between the complementary bases of the double helix (ii) stacking interaction between bases tend to stack about each other perpendicular to the direction of helical axis. Electron cloud interactions (Π Π) between the bases in the helical stacks contribute to the stability of the double helix. The phosphodiester linkages gives an inherent polarity to the DNA helix. They form strong covalent bonds, gives the strength and stability SHRI VIDHYABHARATHI MAT.HR.SEC.SCHOOL, SAKKARAMPALAYAM Page 7

8 to the polynucleotide chain Based on the helix and the distance between each turns, the DNA is of three forms A DNA, B DNA and Z DNA Significance of mitosis:(any ) Exact copy of the parent cell is produced by mitosis (genetically identical).. Genetic stability daughter cells are genetically identical to parent cells.. Growth as multicellular organisms grow, the number of cells making up their tissue increases. The new cells must be identical to the existing ones. 3. Repair of tissues - damaged cells must be replaced by identical new cells by mitosis. 4. Asexual reproduction asexual reproduction results in offspring that are identical to the parent. Example Yeast and Amoeba.. In flowering plants, structure such as bulbs, corms, tubers, rhizomes and runners are produced by mitotic division. When they separate from the parent, they form a new individual. The production of large numbers of offsprings in a short period of time, is possible only by mitosis. In genetic engineering and biotechnology, tissues are grown by mitosis (i.e. in tissue culture).. Regeneration Arms of star fish ********* Department of Botany SHRI VIDHYABHARATHI MATRIC HR.SEC.SCHOOL SAKKARAMPALAYAM, AGARAM (PO) ELACHIPALAYAM TIRUCHENGODE(TK), NAMAKKAL (DT) PIN-6370 Cell : , SHRI VIDHYABHARATHI MAT.HR.SEC.SCHOOL, SAKKARAMPALAYAM Page 8

Stelar evolution. B. Sc. III Botany

Stelar evolution. B. Sc. III Botany Stelar evolution B. Sc. III Botany Dr. (Miss) Kalpana R. Datar Assistant Professor DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY WILLINGDON COLLEGE, SANGLI. kalpana_datar@yahoo.com Stelar Evolution Stele is unit of vascular system.