From Ethnomycology to Fungal Biotechnology

Transcription

1 From Ethnomycology to Fungal Biotechnology Exploiting Fungi from Natural Resources for Novel Products

2 From Ethnomycology to Fungal Biotechnology Exploiting Fungi from Natural Resources for Novel Products Edited by Jagjit Singh Osear Faber Heritage Conservation St. Albans, United Kingdom and K. R. Aneja Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra, India Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

3 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data From ethnomycology to fungal biotechnology: exploiting fungi from natural resources for novel products / edited by Jagjit Singh and K. R. Aneja. p. cm. Proceedings of the International Conference "From Ethnomycology to Fungal Biotechnology: Exploiting Fungi from Natural Resources for Novel Products," held December 15-16, 1997, in Simla, India-Verso t.p. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN ISBN (ebook) DOI / Mycology-Congresses. 2. Fungi-Biotechnology-Congresses. 3. Mycorrhizal fungi Congresses. 4. Fungi as biological pest control agents-congresses. 5. Fungi-Therapeutic use-congresses. 6. Phytopathogenic fungi-congresses. 1. Singh, Jagjit, II. Aneja, K. R. III. International Conference on Ethnomycology to Fungal Biotechnology: Exploiting Fungi from Natural Resources for Novel Products (1997: Simla, India) QK600.3.F dc21 CIP Proceedings of the International Conference "From Ethnomycology to Fongal Biotechnology: Exploiting Fungi from Natural Resources for Novel Products," held December 15-16,1997, in Simla,lndia ISBN Springer Science+Business Media New York Originally published by Kluwer Academic I Plenum Publishers, New York in 1999 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition A C.I.P. record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. AII rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher

4 To my love for mycology and mycologists -JS To my wife and children -KRA

5 PREFACE Fungi playa major role in the sustainability of the biosphere, and mycorrhizal fungi are essential for the growth of many of our woods and forests. The applications of fungi in agriculture, industry and biotechnology remain of paramount importance, as does their use as a source of drugs and to help clean up our environment. This volume contains key papers from the conference 'From Ethnomycology to Fungal Biotechnology: Exploiting Fungi from Natural Resources for Novel Products'. This was the first international scientific conference covering the transfer of traditional remedies and processes in ethnomycology to modern fungal biotechnology. The conference was held at Simla, Himachal Pradesh, India from 15 to 16 December The key subject areas addressed in the conference were the issues of exploring and exploiting fungal diversity for novel leads to new antibiotics, enzymes, medicines and a range of other leads for wood preservation, biological control, agricultural biotechnology and the uses of fungi in the food industry. The conference programme included key-note presentations followed by poster sessions and general discussion. The book is broadly based, covering five main areas: Ethnomycology, Fungal Biotechnology, Biological Control, Mycorrhizal Fungi and Fungal Pests. There is no doubt that in the past fungi have played a key role in ethnomycological remedies and that in the future they will continue to attract the interest of a wide range of disciplines ranging from environmental conservation, agriculture and the food industry to wood preservation and aerobiological studies. We hope that this volume will serve as an inspiration and an aid to students, researchers and professionals involved in the fields of ethnomycology, fungal biotechnology, biological control and mycorrhizal fungi studies. Weare grateful to all the speakers and delegates who contributed to the conference and Professor Lakbanpal and Dr Lal Singh for the organisation of the domestic arrangements. Dr Jagjit Singh and Dr K.R. Aneja Vl1

6 Acknowledgements We would like to express our sincerest appreciation to Ms Sarah Case for her invaluable and painstaking assistance in the proof-reading, editing and preparation of the manuscripts. We would also wish to thank our sponsors which include: the Karl Meyer Foundation, Switzerland; Dr John Palfreyman of University of Abertay Dundee, Scotland; and J0fgen Bech-Andersen of Hussvamp Laboratoriet, Denmark. ix

7 CONTENTS ETHNOMYCOLOGY From Ethnomycology to Fungal Biotechnology: a Historical Perspective... 1 M.U. Charaya and RS. Mehrotra Ethnomycology and Folk Remedies: Fact and Fiction J. Singh Some Ethnomycological Studies from Madhya Pradesh, India N.S.K. Harsh, B.K. Rai and V.K. Soni Some Indian Spices and their Antimicrobial Properties D.S. Arora FUNGAL BIOTECHNOLOGY Exploring Mushroom Diversity for Pharmaceutical Utility S.S. Saini and N.S. Atri Fungal Biotechnology for the Development and Improvement ofinsecticidal Fungi J.L. Faull Potential Biotechnological Applications of Thermophilic Moulds A. Archana and T. Satyanarayana Fungal Biotechnology for Effective Cereal Straw Management M.U. Charaya Biotechnology for the Production and Enhancement of Mycoherbicide Potential K.R Aneja Biotechnological Applications of Thermophilic Fungi in Mushroom Compost L 15 Preparation.... R Kumar and K.R Aneja xi

8 Effectiveness of Lytic Enzymes in Isolation of Pro top lasts from Trichoderma harzianum S. Kaur and KG. Mukerji Timber Preservation: the Potential Use of Natural Products and Processes J. Palfreyman, N. White and J. Singh BIOLOGICAL CONTROL A Biocontrol Formulation for Protection of Stored Bamboo from Decay Fungi N.S.K. Harsh and N.K Kapse Use of Fungi in the Control of Plant Pathogens B.K Singh, S. Arora, R.C. Kuhad and K.G. Mukerji Biological Control of Root-Knot Nematode by Nematode-Destroying Fungi N. Mittal, G. Saxena and K.G. Mukerji Rhizosphere Biology of Root-Knot Diseased Abelmoscus esculentus in Relation to its 173 Biocontrol R. Rawat, A. Pandey, G. Saxena and KG. Mukerji MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae in the Control of Fungal Pathogens M. Sharma and KG. Mukerji Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae in Increasing the Yield of Aromatic Plants R. Kapoor and K.G. Mukerji Mycorrhizal Root Litter as a Biofertilizer K.G. Mukerji and M. Bansal The Application of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Afforestation M. Kaur and K.G. Mukerji Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: Biofertilizer for the Future B.P. Chamola, B. Giri and K.G. Mukerji Mycorrhizal Allelopathy in Trigonellafoenum graceum R. Gupta and K.G. Mukerji FUNGAL PESTS Storage Fungi in Edible Agricultural Commodities A. Pandey and K.G. Mukerji Seed-borne Mycoflora of Two Under-exploited Legumes: Vigna umbellata and Psophocarpus tetragonolobus from North-eastern parts ofindia V. Joshi and K.G. Mukerji xii

9 Association of Patulin with Market Samples of Dry Fruit Slices of Quinces (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) from Jammu and Kashmir, India Y.P. Sharma and G. Sumbali Comparison between Serpula lacrymans found in the Indian Himalayas and Mount Shasta, California J. Bech-Andersen Contributors Index xiii