Other Organisms (Part 3)

Transcription

1 Name: Hour: Teacher: ROZEMA Biology Evolution Unit Addie Bacteria Other Organisms (Part 3) Let s Review What We Know So Far: Natural Selection is There are differences between the Junco birds that live on Campus and the ones that live in the Mountains Mountain Juncos Campus Juncos Right Now We Are Trying To: Apply what we learned in Addie s Case to the Junco Birds. Figure out why some of the Junco Birds stayed on the UCSD Campus, and others went back to the mountains. Figure out if the Junco Birds CHOSE to adapt to the UCSD Campus, or if it was connected to their genetic traits. Define Evolution. 1 P a g e

2 2 P a g e Human Karyotype:

3 Lesson 17-A Student Activity Sheets: How are physical traits inherited? PRIOR EXPERIENCES: 1: When people claim a trait is inherited, like hair color or height, what is it that is physically passed down from parents to their offspring? 2: Why do siblings from the same biological parents sometimes inherit different variations of a trait? 3 P a g e

4 Organism The number chromosomes found in body cells The number of chromosomes each parent passes on to their offspring Humans 46 Juncos 80 Pigeons 80 MAKING SENSE: Part 1 4: What is similar about the chromosomes that each parent passes on to their offspring in humans, juncos, and pigeons? 5: How does this help explain why siblings from the same biological parents sometimes inherit different traits? 6: How does this compare to how genetic information is inherited in bacteria? 4 P a g e

5 PART 2: - Class allele, substance and trait model CONCLUSIONS: 7: How can we use what we figured out to help us explain why juncos have different amounts of white in their tail feathers? 8: How can we use what we figured out to help us explain why juncos have different wing lengths? In a previous lesson, you found patterns in the population data showing how UCSD juncos and mountain juncos varied in physical appearance. In this lesson you found how variation in genetic information (alleles) can cause those differences. In an earlier lesson, you heard claims, that UCSD juncos are bolder than the mountain juncos. 9. What sort of measurements would someone need to take to determine if one bird behaves differently (more bold) around people than another bird? 5 P a g e

6 Lesson 17-B Student Data Summary Sheet: How are physical traits inherited? Summarize the information you learn from Key to information on this site: Physical characteristics, or phenotypes, are in plain text: crest Gene names are in italics: crest, EphB2 Allele names are in single quotes: 'crest,' 'no crest' Protein names are in all caps: EPHB2 Trait 1. How would you describe what different variations of this trait look like? 2.The number of genes that influence this trait: 3.The number (or kind) of different alleles that influence this trait: 4. How do the alleles affect the substances that cells produce: 4.What is the number (and/or kind) of different variations that this can result in: A. Crest B. Foot feathering C. Wing Pattern D. Color (major color locus) 6 P a g e

7 Trait 1. How would you describe what different variations of this trait look like? 2.The number of genes that influence this trait: 3.The number (or kind) of different alleles that influence this trait: 4. How do the alleles affect the substances that cells produce: 4.What is the number (and/or kind) of different variations that this can result in: E. Spread F. Recessive Red G. Dilute What are some big ideas that we learned from this? 7 P a g e

8 Lesson 18-A Just how different is the UCSD birds behavior? In class we investigated the behavior of juncos, with regard to boldness. We saw differences in this behavior between individuals within and between different populations (UCSD vs. mountain juncos) 1: Which of the following do you predict will best explain this difference in behavior: A. This behavior is something a junco inherits from its biological parents (due to the alleles it gets) and does not change in the course of its lifetime from interaction with its environment. B. This behavior is something that is acquired by the junco (e.g. learned) in the course of its lifetime from experiences interacting with its environment. C. Other: 2: Explain your choice for #1. 8 P a g e

9 Two Other Models: Jean Baptiste de Lamarck s vs. Charles Darwin s Jean Baptiste de Lamarck ( ) and Charles Darwin ( ) both developed theories over their careers. They both had theories to explain the variation of life on Earth. Their theories had similarities and differences. Both Darwin and Lamarck believed that life on Earth changed over time and was still changing. They both believed that populations adapted become more suited for survival in their environments and that life on Earth started with fewer, more simple organisms and has developed into many more complex organisms. Lamarck published his theory to explain the similarities and differences of life on Earth in the book, Theory of Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics in In this, Lamarck said that if an organism changes during its lifetime in order to adapt to its environment, those changes are then passed on to its offspring. He said that change is driven by what organisms want or need. For example, Lamarck believed that elephants all used to have short trunks. When there was no food or water that they could reach with their short trunks, some elephants stretched their trunks to reach the water and branches. Then because they now had developed a little bit longer trunk through stretching than other elephants, their offspring would inherit long trunks. Lamarck also said that body parts that are not being used, such as the human appendix and little toes are gradually disappearing. He claimed that eventually, people will be born without these parts. Darwin, on the other hand, published his theory in On the Origin of Species in In his theory, he said that the desires of animals have nothing to do with how they evolve, and that changes in an organism during its lifetime do not affect the traits it passes on to its offspring, and do not affect the evolution of a species. He said that organisms, even of the same species, are all different and that some will happen to have heritable variations that give them a competitive advantage in their environments to survive more often and have more offspring. The offspring then are born with these trait variations that give them a competitive advantage for survival and reproduction. As more and more of them survive and reproduce, individuals with that trait makeup more and more of the population. Other individuals, that are not so well adapted to this environment, die off. Most elephants used to have short trunks, but some few had longer trunks. When there was no food or water that they could reach with their short trunks, the ones with short trunks died off, and the ones with long trunks survived and reproduced. Eventually, most of the elephants alive today have long trunks. 3: When we developed our natural selection model for explaining how the bacteria population became more resistant in Addie and in our community, which model was our model most similar to: Darwin s or Lamarck s? AND WHY? 9 P a g e

10 4: Do you think our natural selection model can be used to explain how the UCSD juncos became bolder in that environment or do you think some aspects of the model will need to be revised? If you think it will need to be revised, do you think it will need to become more like Darwin s model, more like Lamarck s model, or something else? Explain. 10 P a g e

11 5: What kind of experiment could one design that would provide evidence to support or refute either of these statements? Boldness behavior is something a junco inherits from its biological parents (due to the alleles it gets) and does not change in the course of its lifetime from interaction with its environment. Boldness behavior is something that is acquired by the junco (e.g. learned) in the course of its lifetime from experiences interacting with its environment. 11 P a g e

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