Cvičení 3: MOVEMENT AND IRRITATION Name: BROWNIAN MOLECULAR MOTION

Transcription

1 Cvičení 3: MOVEMENT AND IRRITATION Name: Group: BROWNIAN MOLECULAR MOTION Place a drop of ferric oxide suspension onto a slide and cover it. Observe one small moving particle and draw trajectory of its movement. Draw the movement trajectory of the particle Choose the right answer: 1. Brownian molecular motion is the random/oriented zigzag movement of microscopic/ macroscopic particles suspended in a liquid or gas. 2. Brownian molecular motion is depended on the mechanical/chemical/kinetic energy of water/atp molecules 3. The bigger/smaller moving particle, the more/less noticeable movement. 1/III

2 CELLS WITH CILIA Permanent specimen: cells with cilia ( řasinkový epitel, žába ), stained with haematoxylin-eosin. Observe and draw cells of cylindrical or conical shape with visible nucleus and with cilia localized at the wider base of cell. Draw and describe the cells with cilia 1. Fill in the grey fields of the table: MOVEMENT FILAMENTS MOLECULAR MOTOR ciliary myosin I flagellar myosin II 2. Which cells of human body does have cilia on its surface? What is the function of these cilia? 2/III

3 CILIARY MOVEMENT Working material: hay infusion, detritus from aquarium Observe ciliary movement of ciliates or other microscopic animals (flatworm, etc.). Draw and describe one of the ciliates 1. Match the right names to each of the pictures (Rotifera spp., Colpidium spp., Caenorhabditis spp., Stylonychia spp.).. 2. What are the two types of vacuoles in ciliates and what are their functions? 3/III

4 AMOEBOID MOVEMENT Working material: hay infusion/video: Observe movement of amoeba from hay infusion. Pseudopods are homogenous, cytoplasm is granulated. Observe and draw the movement of amoeba 1. Describe the picture with the right terms (nucleus, digestive (food) vacuole, pseudopod, cytoplasm, contractile vacuole) 2. Describe the principle of the amoeboid movement (which cytoskeletal filaments and molecular motor are involved? 4/III

5 FLAGELLAR MOVEMENT Working material: sperm, hay infusion/video Observe flagellar movement of sperms (or flagellar protozoans from hay infusion). If you want to slow them down, suck off water from the space between the two glasses using filter paper. Draw the sperm and her movement 1. Describe the cross-section of the flagellum with the right terms (dynein, outer microtubule doublet, central microtubules, radial spoke) 2. Complete the sentence with numbers: The main structure of kinocilium is consisted of pairs of microtubules, so-called structure /III

6 STRUCTURE OF STRIATED MUSCLE Permanent specimen: striated muscle from insect leg stained with Heidenhein hematoxylin and specimen stained with haematoxylin-eosin ("příčně pruhovaný sval") Observe both specimens and draw the striating which is caused by different staining of muscle fibres. Draw and describe the striated muscle 1. Describe the picture with these terms (Z line, sarcomere, myosin, actin) 2. Answer these questions a) How is called the basic contractile unit of the muscle? b) What mineral substance is used during the muscle contraction? c) What are two types of filaments involved in the muscle contraction? d) What proteins are blocking the muscle contraction? 6/III

7 OXYGENOTAXIS IN CILIATES Working material: hay infusion Cover a drop of hay infusion with cover glass to form air bubbles under it. Ciliates try to find space with optimal tense of oxygen (close to oxygen bubbles). The same is observed also at the edges of cover glass. Air bubble Draw and describe the action 1. Match the right terms to the types of movement (chemotaxis, fototaxis, oxygenotaxis) movement towards the environment with higher concentration of the oxygen movement induced by the presence of the chemical substance movement oriented towards the light 2. Complete: a) The movement oriented towards the stimulus is called taxis. b) The movement oriented away from the stimulus is called taxis. 7/III