Adaptation without selection: possible explanations

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1 Adaptation without selection: possible explanations Department of Invertebrate Zoology Andrei Granovitch Saint-Petersburg State University

2 Talking evolution Tokyo, Japan, Architect: Kengo Kuma

3 Conceptions of evolution in brief TRANSFORMATION THROUGH COMBINATIONS SYMBIOGENESIS HYBRIDOGENESIS TRANSFORMISM SELECTION OF MORPHOPROCESSES HORISONTAL TRANSFER INDIRECT ADAPTOGENESIS (SELECTOGENESIS) DIRECT ADAPTOGENESIS TRANSFORMATION WITHOUT COMBINATION TRANSFORMATION OF MORPHOPROCESSES CONSTRUCTIONAL TRANSFORMISM (ORTHOGENESIS)

4 Explanation of adaptation formation by different concepts TRANSFORMISM SELECTION OF MORPHOPROCESSES - adaptation based concepts INDIRECT ADAPTOGENESIS (SELECTOGENESIS) DIRECT ADAPTOGENESIS TRANSFORMATION WITHOUT COMBINATION TRANSFORMATION OF MORPHOPROCESSES CONSTRUCTIONAL TRANSFORMISM (ORTHOGENESIS)

5 A. System filter no. 1. Epigenetic regulation 1 Regulation of genes activity by transcription factors; RNA interference; Alternative splicing; DNA methylation and histone acetylation; Mobility control of mobile genetic elements. System of epigenetic compensatory mechanisms regulating the genetic networks

6 B. System filter no. 2. Cell metabolic filter 2 Compensatory biochemical reactions of the cell, which are not related to the structure or processing of the nuclear acids. Regulatory changes of the cell metabolic pathways

7 C. System filter no. 3. Ontogenetic regulation of multicellular organism 3 Cell communication. Positional information. Direction of cell differentiation. Character of growth and the ontogenetic features of the life cycle stages. Dynamic self-organization of an organism with a high degree of equifinality during ontogenesis

8 D. Filter no. 4. Physiological regulation of multicellular body Maintenance of the optimal level of metabolism. Adequate intensity of locomotion. Effective functioning of the integrating systems. Dynamic correlations among all functions of an organism. 4 The system of physiological compensations and feedbacks underlying the functional stability of the entire organism

9 5 E. Filter no. 5. Behavioural regulation Specific behavior is forming in ontogenesis. Compensations improving survival and reproductive success. May prompt the choice of specific microhabitats and diet preferences. Determine activity periods and the character of interactions with conspecific and heterospecifics. Ensuring the existence of an organism and the implementation of its major functions in a heterogeneous environment.

10 F. Filter no. 6. Populational compensations Mechanisms of populational mutual assistance. Mechanisms ensuring populational compensations of abundance (birth and mortality rates, emigration and immigration). Populational compensations (feedbacks) may act during the lifetime of several generations. Considerably modifies the significance 6 of hereditary signal of the individual in question.

11 E. Filter no. 7. Biocenotic (ecosystem) compensations Alter the interactions of this individual with heterospecifics in the community. Manifest itself most conspicuously in the interactions of the individual with organisms whose populations form stable biocenotic links in the community (parasitic and predator-prey systems, mutualistic complexes). The value of hereditary signal may be assessed only in the context of the 7 structure of a concrete ecosystem.

12 Conclusions: system filters form a unified and dynamic system of hierarchical multiple compensation. 1 4 responsible for the integrity of the organism as such 5 minimizes the costs of interaction of the organism with the environment 6-7 characterize the integrity of supraorganismic systems

13 Conclusions: inherited signal is not adaptive nor nonadaptive MULTILEVEL SELF-ORGANIZATION THE FORMATION OF ADAPTIVE NATURE OF CHARACTERS ADAPTATION FORMATION THROUGH ORTHOGENEIC EVOLUTIONARY MECHANIZMS

Chapter 15 Active Reading Guide Regulation of Gene Expression

Name: AP Biology Mr. Croft Chapter 15 Active Reading Guide Regulation of Gene Expression The overview for Chapter 15 introduces the idea that while all cells of an organism have all genes in the genome,