Find your star sign in the star map and draw it! Pay attention to the different sizes of the stars.

Transcription

1 Physics - Worksheet Names of the group members: Read the following text well and follow the steps. Journey to the stars How do you handle a star cart? Imagine that you are sitting in a huge ball and you are looking up. There you will see the sky with the moon, the sun, the planets and the stars. The sky has always fascinated people. What are stars, what is the moon's orbital period and when do we see our neighboring planets? These questions have always been of concern to humanity, which has designed constellations that we have taken advantage of. Guess how many stars we can see only with our eyes? How far away is the next star from our sun? Guess. Conspicuous groups of stars are grouped in constellations [Sternbilder]. These constellations have names and were already known in antiquity [Altertum]. For us the constellation "little bear" [kl. Bär] is very important because the end of his tail is very close to the point, which the whole sky is turning around. The last star of the little bear is the polstar. He got his name because he stands almost exactly above the north pole of the earth. We also see the stars and the sun turning/circling. In reality, the earth is spinning and this appears to us as a rotation of the stars around the celestial north pole. In astrology, each of us has a star sign (also named zodiac sign) [Sternzeichen]. You will see that all the stars signs are on a common line. Find your star sign in the star map and draw it! Pay attention to the different sizes of the stars. The star signs of the zodiac lie on a common line, the so-called zodiac [Tierkreis]. 1

2 Why is the zodiac so important for us? Because the sun, the moon and the planets can only be found there. The stars move backwards with the correct rotation. They are not oriented to the daily rotation, but face the sun and the planet - they move anticlockwise [gegen den Uhrzeigersinn] through the zodiac. It takes the moon one month (~27 days) to orbit the earth, Venus nine months, Jupiter twelve years. The sun needs a year for a lap, so it's in one constellation for a month. We never see the whole sky at once unlike it is pictured on this map. On the place where the sun is, is just day, there we can not see any stars. At night we see the sky opposite the position of the sun. The rotatable star map consists of two parts: 1. On the base plate you can see the constellations with names, some lines and outside a ring with the date. 2. The rotatable cover plate has on the outside a ring with the time of day and a window with the four cardinal directions inside. Building the star cart: North - South Line: It goes from the swivel (polestar) [Drehpunkt, Polarstern] to the south (12 o'clock) Zenith: The sky point is exactly above us. We will find it if the north - south line crosses the brightest star (the biggest point) of the constellation of swan. This star is exactly in the zenith for our position. For Greece, this point must be more southern. When it is the beginning of November, the sun is in the constellation Libra [Waage]. Which zodiacal images can we see at night? A few constellations can be seen every night. They are called circumpolar constellations [Zirkumpolarsternbilder]. The word is composed together of the Latin word circum, meaning: and the Greek word polos, meaning:. Where are these constellations on the map? Write down the circumpolar constellations: 2

3 Exercise: What does the sky look like on th November at am? Which constellations and star signs are currently in the south this evening? The sky is bordered by a horizon - it shows us the directions of the sky. In which direction do you have to turn the cover sheet? When will the constellation Löwe (lion) be released on th November? And when will it go down again? For this task use the brightest star in the constellation. Look at the basic sheet: It shows different circles! At this point, 2 circles are explained. 1. Circumpolar stars: Stars within the smallest circle. These stars are always visible, even if you completely turn the transparent film. 2. The discontinued line along the 12 zodiacs. In astronomy it is called ecliptic. It appears as a circle with the lowest point in December and the highest in June. The ecliptic shows us the position of the sun. The sun moves around in the course of a year and the apparent orbit of the sun within a year. How can you find the sun? It is just above the current date on the ecliptic (12 am). In which constellation is the sun today, on the th of November? Name also the constellation for the th of January, th of April and 5th of July. After you have completed the task, present your results in the plenum! Summarize your answers! Maybe the questions below will help you: Translation for some zodiac signs and constellations: Zwillinge twins Adler aquila Fuhrmann auriga Stier bull Skorpion scorpius Widder aries Schütze sagittarius Waage libra Walfisch cetus Steinbock capricorn Jungfrau virgo Leier lyre Wassermann aquarius Krebs cancer Schlangenträger ophiuchus 3

4 Physics - Worksheet Names of the group members: Read the following text well and follow the steps. A journey to our star The sun is the central star of our planetary system. When we observe it from the earth, differences in radiation depend on the place of observation. Let's make a journey from Athens via Portici to St. Paul to understand the nature of our earth as a globe and to develop a timekeeping that has been used for millennia. Complete the following work assignments in your group and try to answer the questions. At the end of the lesson the results should be presented. Where do you live? The coordinates of places on the earth are given in latitude and longitude. What coordinates does your school location have? In Athens, Portici and St. Paul, on a sunny day, a rod is set up normal to the earth's surface. Where does the rod throw the longest shadow? On which day of the year will the shadow be the longest in which of the three places? On which day of the year will the shadow be the shortest? The sundial follows exactly this principle of shadow casting on a surface. Let's try to build a sundial. You see the materials necessary for the construction in front of you. The shadow continuously takes a new position and length on the clock, hereby the time can be read. The reason for this is that the earth turns around itself every day. As a result, the position of the sun is constantly changing. The sun moves by per hour. Two conditions must apply to each sundial: The built-in spotlight must be parallel to the earth axis. (The Earth's axis is tilted by ) The built-in spotlight must lie in the north-south axis and be inclined horizontally at the angle corresponding to the latitude.

5 Now we try to build a sundial: 1. Cut out a rectangle with side lengths of cm and 22 cm. 2. Draw a circle with a radius of cm into the rectangle. 3. Divide the circle into 24 sectors of equal size. Each sector must have an angle of. 4. Label the dial. 5. The latitudes are as follows: St. Paul 46.5 nb; Portici 40.5 nb; Athens39.5 nb. Take the second piece of paper. Draw a line that leads away from the bottom edge at the angle of the determined latitude. 6. Another cm long line should be drawn in a right angle from the first line. Where this line meets the edge, there is the second corner of the triangle. From there draw a third line vertically. This cuts the first line. Cut out the triangle. 7. Cut the dial 5 cm at the twelve o'clock mark. 8. Make an equally long cut in the second one ( cm long line) into the triangle.

6 9. Insert the triangle into the dial.. Cut out a rectangle measuring x 25 cm from the third sheet. This forms the bottom plate. 11. Draw a north-south and west-east line on the rectangle. 12. Fix the sundial to the bottom plate. 13. To read the time correctly, the clock must be aligned. The north arrow must point exactly into the north direction. Use a compass for this. Now the triangle casts a shadow on the dial. There you can read the time.

7 Okt. Sep Nov. Dez. Jan. Feb. Mär Apr. Mai Juni Juli Aug. Wasserschlange Löwe kl.hund Schiff gr.hund Zwillinge Orion Fuhrmann Stier Eridanus Widder Cassiopeia Pegasus Cepheus Südl.Fisch Wassermann Schwan Delphin Steinbock Leier Schlangenträger Skorpion Adler Schütze Waage Drache Herkules Krone Bootes gr.bär Jungfrau kl.bär Andromeda Fische Walfisch Perseus Rabe Krebs

8 Z