Housing the Urban Poor Urban Sanitation Research &Documentation Poverty Mapping GIS Based poverty Mapping for integrated development of slums ITC, The Netherlands, Enschede, 21 st -23 rd May 2008
shelter associates NGO established 1993 architects and planners Pune, Sangli, Aurangabad, Thane, Pimpri-Chinchwad micro (slum) level to macro (city) level
baandhani collective of women and men in slums working to empower poor communities focus on women taking charge of settlement and housing improvements
Primary objective of Shelter Associates/ Baandhani deliver basic services and housing to the urban poor through mainstream planning processes.
Handled a range of projects from solid waste management to resettlement.
Implemented GIS based poverty mapping in Pune in 2000. The slums surveyed by SA can be clearly seen spread across 14 administrative Wards. Over 100000 households were covered in over 200 slum pockets
Satellite Image in the year 1999
household and settlement level surveys carried out by trained slum dwellers plane-table maps of every slum by professional surveyors Integration of spatial and socio economic data on GIS software by SA
Settlement info by clicking edge of slum
Household information pops up by clicking on any house
Type Of Structure
Primary Source Of Water Supply
Voter ID Card
Ownership Of Structure
Access to Sanitation
Solid Waste Disposal
Area of Structure in sq. mts.
60.0% 50.0% 52.5% Public Sector (0.8%) Private Sector (2.3%) Self Employed (7.1%) 40.0% 30.0% Skilled Construction Worker (11.3%) Unskilled Construction Worker (52.5%) Professional (0.1%) 20.0% Skilled Labour (4.4%) 10.0% 0.0% 0.8% 2.3% 7.1% 11.3% 9.6% 11.0% 4.4% 0.1% 0.8% Semi-skilled Labour (11.0%) Unskilled Labour (9.6%) Miscellaneous (0.8%) Occupation
Fact Sheet
USE OF THE DATA AT THE SETTLEMENT LEVEL
Locating Toilet blocks in Panchsheelnagar, CIDCO
Kamgar Putla Slum, Pune in Orange which gets flooded every year because it is located by the river Mutha.
The houses in blue are on 95 electoral roll and eligible for resettlement.
The houses in orange get displaced by the proposed submersible road.
The yellow houses displaced by Sangam bridge widening.
Before.. After.. Before and After Kamgar Putala. Families have settled down well even after being relocated 8kms from original place of residence.
Delivery of Basic Sanitation in slums of Sangli Miraj-Kupwad Corporation SMKMC founded in 1998 by merging 3 municipal councils of Sangli, Miraj and Kupwad In 2001, SA worked with SMKMC to list out all the slums within the municipal limits and carried out a quick survey for each settlement to enlist the services that were present. A fact sheet was created for each slum In 2002, two pilot sanitation projects implemented 2004-2008- 12 settlements were identified for sanitation projects covering 3500 families
Survey Findings of Phase 1 work in SMKMC The location of all the 99 slums within the SMKMC limits. slumdots zone2 zone1 zone3 zone4
Water Distribution in SMKMC SangliWaterlines MirajWaterExt MirajIntWater Wards with good water distribution Wards partly serviced with waterlines Ward with no waterlines Wards with hardly any waterlines
Sewage Distribution in SMKMC sewerline MirajSewerLines Wards with good sewer systems Wards with partial sewer systems Wards with no sewerline Wards with hardly any sewersystems An area plan of Sangli-Miraj-Kupwad Corporation showing the existing sewage distribution within the corporation limits.
Slum Location in Relation to Sewage Distribution in SMKMC The slums in blue have sewage distribution. There are 78 slums which have no access to toilet facilities.
Holding meetings in small groups to enable better participation Building Federations in slums
Sanjay Nagar Khaja Vasti Kolhapur Chawl Jatkar Samaj
Communities studying the Maps and Designs
Sharing information and making decisions based on the findings. Meetings with Stakeholders including Municipal Commissioner, officers, councilors and community leaders.
The data findings had a major impact on the total project. 1. SA demonstrated that 3 slums could be given the option of individual toilets and this could be accomplished well within the Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan funds that had been approved by the Government. 2. Brought it to the notice of the local government that the 2001 GR allowed NGO s and CBO s to construct toilets in settlements and therefore urged the local govt. not to tender it out to contractors. 3. Got MHADA Mumbai to endorse this in principle.
Using the Maps and data for locating toilet sites within settlements. Inspecting Kolhapur chawl map to identify space for a community toilet Final location of toilet block The place identified was a very small one and ownership was claimed by a family. SA got the 7/12 extract which showed otherwise and with help of SMKMC claimed the land for the toilet block through legal battle.
A 10 seats toilet block was built in spite of efforts by landowner to physically stall the process. The local Baandhani women ensured that the construction went off without a hitch.
The Way Forward The Kids channel The kids channel- formal inauguration by Municipal Commissioner and the local councilor on 8 th January 2008
Jatkar before..
Jatkar After..
Can Remote sensing be used for service delivery?
High Tenement densities. With two storied structures it is not possible to view details within slum using remote sensing techniques
Dyaneshwarnagar slum Wartak Ward, Thane
DYANESHWARNAGAR SLUM PLAN 2320
Google image of Settlement AutoCAD map of the same settlement
Satellite image indicating 150 structures Autocad map showing 320 structures Remote sensing techniques can give extent of slum and help monitor horizontal expansion over a period of time.
Satellite image of Ward Morekrembangan, Surabaya, Indonesia
Map by PDAM By Shelter Associates
Satellite Aerial Photograph of Ward 45 with GPS Boundary Track superimposed
Shelter Associates version of map with Slums in position 5 9 2 1 12 4 6 11 7 8 3 13 10 14 1 : Dandekar Pul 134 2 : Dandekar Pul 133 3 : Indira Nagar 4 : Ramabai Ambedkar 5 : Hirabaug 6 : Sathe Colony 7 : Zagade 8 : Ekbote Colony 9 : Lohiya Nagar 10: Gorpade Peth 164 11 : Joshi Wada 12 : Ambil Odha 13 : Ghorpadi Peth 180 14 : Parvati 248
Inaccuracies in DP The Ambil-odha is shown flowing straight in the DP whereas it actually curves around the slum.
THE WAY FORWARD WITHIN SA
Superimposing and linking GIS based mapping info on remote sensing images for effective monitoring of growth of slums and effective planning: 1. Ghole Road Ward Office Ward 23 Ward 24 Ward 30 Ward 31 2. Yerawada Ward Office Ward 3 Ward 11 Ward 12 3. Sangam Wadi Ward Office Ward 2 Ward 9 Ward 10 Ward 25
Google image of Pune wards imported onto GIS platform showing slums. A fact sheet for each slum is flagged onto it.
ISSUES AND CONCERNS REGARDING USE OF GIS AND REMOTE SENSING TECHNOLOGY by URBAN LOCAL BODIES: Cost of HRSI. Often cities reluctant to invest in these images. Costs of GIS software's: licensed copies dedicated to only one computer. Costs of carrying out detailed mapping and socio economic surveys Frequent changes in administrative head and staff members within departments Scattered information systems between departments using different base maps -bringing them onto one platform
Thank You