CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION... 1 STUDY BACKGROUND... 1 STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES... 1 INTENDED AUDIENCE... 2 SCOPE AND FORMAT... 2 INFORMATION SOURCES AND METHODOLOGY... 3 ANALYST CREDENTIALS... 4 RELATED BCC RESEARCH REPORTS... 4 BCC ONLINE SERVICES... 5 DISCLAIMER... 6 CHAPTER TWO: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY... 7 SUMMARY TABLE GLOBAL MARKET FOR METAMATERIALS APPLICATIONS BY MATERIAL TYPE, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)... 7 SUMMARY FIGURE GLOBAL MARKET FOR METAMATERIALS APPLICATIONS BY MATERIAL TYPE, 2011-2021 ($ MILLIONS)... 8 CHAPTER THREE: OVERVIEW... 9 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF METAMATERIALS... 9 DEFINITION... 9 HISTORY... 10 TYPES AND APPLICATIONS OF METAMATERIALS... 11 TABLE 1 MAJOR TYPES OF METAMATERIALS... 11 TABLE 1 (CONTINUED)... 12 ELECTROMAGNETIC METAMATERIALS... 12 Artificial Dielectrics... 12 Negative Refraction Media... 13 Active Terahertz Metamaterials... 13 Chiral Materials... 14 Photonic Crystals... 14 Superconducting Metamaterials... 15 Magnetic Nanocomposites... 16 ACOUSTIC METAMATERIALS... 16 EXTREME-PARAMETER METAMATERIALS... 16 OVERALL MARKET SIZE AND SEGMENTATION... 17 MARKET SIZE... 17 FIGURE 1 TRENDS IN THE GLOBAL MARKET FOR METAMATERIALS, 2010 2021 ($ MILLIONS)... 17 TYPES OF METAMATERIALS... 18 TABLE 2 GLOBAL MARKET FOR METAMATERIALS BY MATERIAL TYPE, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)... 18 FIGURE 2 TRENDS IN THE METAMATERIALS MARKET BY METAMATERIAL TYPE, 2010 2021 (% OF TOTAL MARKET)... 19
END USES... 20 TABLE 3 GLOBAL MARKET FOR METAMATERIALS BY END-USE SECTOR, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)... 20 FIGURE 3 TRENDS IN THE METAMATERIALS MARKET BY END USE, 2010 2021 (% OF TOTAL MARKET)... 21 CHAPTER FOUR: ARTIFICIAL DIELECTRICS: MATERIALS, END USES, AND MARKETS, 2010 2021... 22 MATERIALS... 22 PROPERTIES... 22 APPLICATIONS... 23 WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS... 23 AUTOMOTIVE RADAR... 24 AIRBORNE ANTENNAS... 25 MARKETS... 26 SUMMARY... 26 TABLE 4 MARKET FOR ARTIFICIAL DIELECTRICS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)... 26 FIGURE 4 TRENDS IN THE ARTIFICIAL DIELECTRICS MARKET, 2010 2021 ($ MILLIONS)... 27 FIGURE 5 TRENDS IN THE ARTIFICIAL DIELECTRICS MARKET BY APPLICATION TYPE, 2010 2021 (% OF TOTAL MARKET)... 28 AUTOMOTIVE RADAR... 28 TABLE 5 MATERIALS CONSUMPTION ASSOCIATED WITH AUTOMOTIVE RADAR APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)... 29 AIRBORNE ANTENNAS... 30 TABLE 6 AIRBORNE ANTENNAS AND RELATED MARKET FOR METAMATERIALS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)... 30 WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS... 31 TABLE 7 GLOBAL MARKET FOR 4G DATA COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT AND POTENTIAL SUCCESSOR TECHNOLOGIES, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)... 32 TABLE 8 SMART ANTENNAS AND THE RELATED MARKET FOR ARTIFICIAL DIELECTRICS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)... 32 CHAPTER FIVE: NEGATIVE REFRACTION MEDIA: MATERIALS, END USES, AND MARKETS, 2010 2021... 33 MATERIALS... 33 PROPERTIES... 33 FIGURE 6 NEGATIVE REFRACTION... 33 EXAMPLES... 34 Copper-Fiberglass Media... 34 Gold Nanorods... 34 Layered Ferromagnets... 35
Nanoscale Silver... 35 Silver Thin Films... 35 Nanoscale Silver Mesh Structure... 35 Nanoscale Grid of Coupled Silver Tubes... 36 Silver Nanowires Embedded in Alumina... 36 Silicon Nitride/Silver/Gold Prism Sandwich... 36 Yttrium Vanadate Crystals... 36 Teflon-Ceramic-Copper Capacitor Material... 37 Naturally Occurring Negatively Refractive Materials... 37 APPLICATIONS... 37 OPTICAL MICROSCOPY... 38 PHOTOLITHOGRAPHY... 38 DATA STORAGE... 39 OTHER POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS... 39 MARKETS... 40 SUMMARY... 40 TABLE 9 MARKET FOR NEGATIVELY REFRACTIVE METAMATERIALS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)... 41 FIGURE 7 TRENDS IN THE NEGATIVELY REFRACTIVE METAMATERIALS MARKET BY APPLICATION TYPE, 2010 2021 (% OF TOTAL MARKET)... 41 FIGURE 7 (CONTINUED)... 42 OPTICAL MICROSCOPES... 42 TABLE 10 METAMATERIALS MARKET IN OPTICAL MICROSCOPY APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)... 43 NEAR-FIELD PHOTOLITHOGRAPHY... 43 TABLE 11 METAMATERIALS MARKET IN PHOTOLITHOGRAPHY APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)... 44 DATA STORAGE... 44 TABLE 12 METAMATERIALS MARKET IN DATA STORAGE APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)... 45 MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING... 45 TABLE 13 METAMATERIALS MARKET IN MRI APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)... 45 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Continued)... 46 CHAPTER SIX: ACTIVE TERAHERTZ METAMATERIALS: MATERIALS, END USES, AND MARKETS, 2010 2021... 47 MATERIALS... 47 PROPERTIES... 47 FIGURE 8 SPLIT-RING RESONATOR... 48 APPLICATIONS... 49 NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING... 49 MEDICAL IMAGING... 50 Intraoperative Imaging... 51
Skin Cancer Detection... 52 Clinical Dentistry... 52 AIRPORT SECURITY... 52 Airport Security (Continued)... 53 MARKETS... 54 SUMMARY... 54 TABLE 14 MARKET FOR THZ-ACTIVE METAMATERIALS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)... 54 FIGURE 9 TRENDS IN THE THZ-ACTIVE METAMATERIALS MARKET BY APPLICATION TYPE, 2010 2021 (% OF TOTAL MARKET)... 55 AIRPORT SECURITY... 55 TABLE 15 GLOBAL MARKET FOR THZ AND OTHER AIRPORT SECURITY SCREENING EQUIPMENT, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)... 56 NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING... 57 TABLE 16 GLOBAL MARKET FOR THZ AND OTHER RADIOGRAPHIC NDT EQUIPMENT, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)... 57 MEDICAL IMAGING... 58 TABLE 17 GLOBAL MARKET FOR THZ MEDICAL IMAGING APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)... 58 TABLE 18 GLOBAL MARKET FOR THZ-ACTIVE METAMATERIALS IN MEDICAL IMAGING APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)... 59 Intraoperative Imaging... 59 TABLE 19 GLOBAL MARKET FOR INTRAOPERATIVE IMAGING EQUIPMENT, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)... 59 FIGURE 10 INTRAOPERATIVE IMAGING TECHNOLOGIES MARKET SHARES, 2010 (%)... 60 TABLE 20 GLOBAL MARKET FOR INTRAOPERATIVE THZ IMAGING EQUIPMENT, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)... 61 Skin Cancer Detection... 61 TABLE 21 GLOBAL MARKET FOR THZ SKIN CANCER IMAGING EQUIPMENT, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)... 61 Clinical Dentistry... 62 TABLE 22 GLOBAL MARKET FOR THZ DENTAL CARIES IMAGING EQUIPMENT, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)... 62 CHAPTER SEVEN: CHIRAL MATERIALS: MATERIALS, END USES, AND MARKETS, 2010 2021... 63 MATERIALS... 63 FIGURE 11 CHIRALITY... 63 PROPERTIES... 63 Electromagnetic Chiral Metamaterials... 64 Optical Activity... 64
Circular Dichroism... 64 Negative Refraction... 64 Artificial Magnetism... 64 Enantioselectivity... 65 EXAMPLES... 65 Optically Active Chiral Metamaterials... 65 FIGURE 12 OPTICALLY ACTIVE CHIRAL METAMATERIAL... 66 Asymmetric Catalysts... 66 APPLICATIONS... 67 POLARIZATION CODING OF QUANTUM INFORMATION... 67 CIRCULAR DICHROISM SPECTROSCOPY... 68 CHEMICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTION... 68 Chemical and Pharmaceutical Production (Continued)... 69 Chemical and Pharmaceutical (Continued)... 69 MARKETS... 70 SUMMARY... 70 TABLE 23 MARKET FOR CHIRAL METAMATERIALS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)... 70 FIGURE 13 TRENDS IN THE CHIRAL METAMATERIALS MARKET, 2010 2021 ($ MILLIONS)... 71 FIGURE 14 TRENDS IN THE CHIRAL MATERIALS MARKET BY APPLICATION TYPE, 2010 2021 (% OF TOTAL MARKET)... 72 QUANTUM INFORMATION PROCESSING... 72 TABLE 24 METAMATERIALS MARKET IN QUANTUM ENCRYPTION APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)... 73 CIRCULAR DICHROISM SPECTROSCOPY... 73 TABLE 25 METAMATERIALS MARKET IN THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)... 74 CATALYSIS... 74 TABLE 26 METAMATERIALS MARKET IN CATALYSIS APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)... 75 Pharmaceuticals... 75 TABLE 27 CONSUMPTION OF ASSYMETRIC CATALYSTS IN PHARMACEUTICALS PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)... 76 FIGURE 15 TRENDS IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET FOR ASYMMETRIC CATALYSTS, 2010 2021 ($ MILLIONS)... 76 Other Chemicals... 77 TABLE 28 CONSUMPTION OF ASSYMETRIC CATALYSTS IN OTHER CHEMICALS PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)... 77 CHAPTER EIGHT: PHOTONIC CRYSTALS: MATERIALS, END USES, AND MARKETS, 2010 2021... 78 MATERIALS... 78 PROPERTIES... 78
FIGURE 16 PHOTONIC CRYSTAL STRUCTURE... 78 Two-dimensional Versus Three-dimensional Crystals... 79 FIGURE 17 2D VERSUS 3D PHOTONIC CRYSTALS... 80 Defects... 80 FIGURE 18 PHOTONIC CRYSTAL POINT DEFECT... 81 Static Versus Tunable Crystals... 81 COMPOSITION... 82 FABRICATION... 82 Micromachining... 83 Microlithographic Techniques... 83 Layer-by-layer Fabrication... 84 FIGURE 19 WOOD PILE STRUCTURE... 84 Autocloning... 85 FIGURE 20 AUTOCLONED CRYSTAL STRUCTURE... 86 Holographic Lithography... 86 Multibeam Interference Lithography... 87 Glancing Angle Deposition... 87 Stack Methods... 87 Low-temperature Deposition... 88 Self-assembly... 89 Opal Method... 89 Other Self-assembly Techniques... 89 Drawing and Extruding... 90 APPLICATIONS... 90 FIBER LASERS... 91 FLAT-PANEL DISPLAYS... 91 HIGH-BRIGHTNESS LIGHT-EMITTING DIODES... 92 SENSORS... 93 OPTICAL COMPUTING... 94 DATA STORAGE... 95 OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS ADD/DROP FILTERS... 95 Optical Communications Add/Drop Filters (Continued)... 96 SOLAR CELLS... 97 OTHER APPLICATIONS... 97 MARKETS... 98 SUMMARY... 98 TABLE 29 MARKET FOR PHOTONIC CRYSTALS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)... 98 FIGURE 21 GLOBAL MARKET TRENDS FOR PHOTONIC CRYSTAL METAMATERIALS, 2010 2021 ($ MILLIONS)... 99 FIGURE 22 TRENDS IN THE PHOTONIC CRYSTALS MARKET BY APPLICATION TYPE, 2010 2021 (%)... 100 FIBER LASERS... 101
TABLE 30 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PHOTONIC CRYSTAL FIBER USED IN FIBER LASER APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)... 101 TABLE 31 GLOBAL MARKET FOR FIBER LASERS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)... 101 HIGH-BRIGHTNESS LIGHT-EMITTING DIODES... 102 TABLE 32 GLOBAL MARKET FOR HIGH-BRIGHTNESS LEDS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)... 102 TABLE 33 GLOBAL CONSUMPTION OF PHOTONIC CRYSTALS IN THE FABRICATION OF HB-LEDS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)... 103 SOLAR CELLS... 103 TABLE 34 MARKET FOR PHOTONIC CRYSTAL-BASED PHOTOVOLTAICS AND RELATED CONSUMPTION OF PHOTONIC CRYSTALS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)... 104 DATA STORAGE... 104 TABLE 35 MARKET FOR PHOTONIC CRYSTAL-BASED DATA STORAGE PRODUCTS AND RELATED CONSUMPTION OF PHOTONIC CRYSTALS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)... 105 SENSORS... 105 TABLE 36 GLOBAL MARKET FOR QUANTUM DOTS IN BIODETECTION APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)... 105 TABLE 37 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PHOTONIC CRYSTAL FLUORESCENCE ENHANCERS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)... 106 OPTICAL COMPUTING... 106 TABLE 38 GLOBAL MARKET FOR HIGH-PERFORMANCE PROCESSORS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)... 107 TABLE 39 GLOBAL MARKET FOR HIGH-PERFORMANCE ALL- OPTICAL PROCESSORS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)... 107 FLAT-PANEL DISPLAYS... 108 TABLE 40 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PHOTONIC CRYSTAL-BASED DISPLAYS AND RELATED CONSUMPTION OF PHOTONIC CRYSTAL MATERIALS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)... 108 OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS ADD/DROP FILTERS... 109 TABLE 41 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PHOTONIC CRYSTAL ADD/DROP FILTERS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)... 109 CHAPTER NINE: SUPERCONDUCTING METAMATERIALS: MATERIALS, END USES, AND MARKETS, 2010 2021... 110 MATERIALS... 110 PROPERTIES... 110 EXAMPLES... 111 END USES... 112 HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTERS... 112 High-Performance Computers (Continued)... 113 ELECTRICAL TRANSMISSION WIRES... 114
MARKETS... 114 SUMMARY... 114 TABLE 42 MARKET FOR SUPERCONDUCTING POLYMER METAMATERIALS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)... 115 FIGURE 23 TRENDS IN THE SUPERCONDUCTING POLYMER METAMATERIALS MARKET BY APPLICATION TYPE, 2010 2021 (% OF TOTAL MARKET)... 115 FIGURE 23 (CONTINUED)... 116 HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTERS... 116 TABLE 43 GLOBAL MARKET FOR SPECIALIZED HPC PROCESSORS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)... 116 TABLE 44 MARKET FOR SUPERCONDUCTING INTEGRATED CIRCUITS USED IN QUANTUM AND OTHER HIGH- PERFORMANCE AND RELATED CONSUMPTION OF METAMATERIALS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)... 117 ELECTRICAL TRANSMISSION WIRES... 117 TABLE 45 MARKET FOR SUPERCONDUCTING ELECTRIC TRANSMISSION WIRES AND RELATED CONSUMPTION OF METAMATERIALS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)... 118 CHAPTER TEN: EXTREME-PARAMETER METAMATERIALS: MATERIALS, END USES, AND MARKETS, 2010 2021... 119 MATERIALS... 119 PROPERTIES... 119 FABRICATION... 120 Consolidation of Nanoparticles into Monolithics... 120 Severe Plastic Deformation... 120 EXAMPLES... 120 Nanostructured Steel... 121 High-Strength Titanium... 121 END USES... 121 MEDICAL DEVICES... 122 Surgical Needles... 122 High-strength Medical and Dental Implants... 122 STEEL COATINGS AND STRUCTURAL STEEL... 122 MARKETS... 123 SUMMARY... 123 TABLE 46 MARKET FOR EXTREME-PARAMETER METAMATERIALS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)... 123 FIGURE 24 TRENDS IN THE EXTREME-PARAMETER METAMATERIALS MARKET BY APPLICATION TYPE, 2010 2021 (% OF TOTAL MARKET)... 124 MEDICAL DEVICES... 124 TABLE 47 MEDICAL DEVICE MARKET FOR EXTREME-PARAMETER METAMATERIALS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)... 125
Surgical Needles... 125 TABLE 48 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOSTRUCTURED STEEL SUTURE NEEDLES, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)... 125 High-strength Medical and Dental Implants... 125 TABLE 49 GLOBAL CONSUMPTION OF CONVENTIONAL AND NANOSTRUCTURED TITANIUM IN MEDICAL IMPLANTS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)... 126 STEEL COATINGS AND STRUCTURAL STEEL... 126 TABLE 50 GLOBAL CONSUMPTION OF NANOSTRUCTURED STEEL, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)... 127 Steel Coatings... 127 TABLE 51 GLOBAL CONSUMPTION OF NANOSTRUCTURED STEEL COATINGS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)... 127 Structural Steel... 128 TABLE 52 GLOBAL CONSUMPTION OF NANOSTRUCTURED STRUCTURAL STEEL, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)... 128 CHAPTER ELEVEN: MAGNETIC NANOCOMPOSITES: MATERIALS, END USES, AND MARKETS, 2010 2021... 129 MATERIALS... 129 PROPERTIES... 129 FABRICATION... 129 END USES... 129 MAGNETIC REFRIGERATORS... 130 SPINTRONICS... 130 MARKETS... 130 TABLE 53 GLOBAL CONSUMPTION OF MAGNETIC NANOCOMPOSITES FOR ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)... 130 CHAPTER TWELVE: ACOUSTIC METAMATERIALS: MATERIALS, END USES, AND MARKETS, 2010 2021... 131 MATERIALS... 131 PROPERTIES... 131 FABRICATION... 131 END USES... 132 ULTRASOUND IMAGING... 132 ACOUSTIC CLOAKS... 132 SEISMIC PROTECTION... 133 MARKETS... 133 SUMMARY... 133 TABLE 54 MARKET FOR ACOUSTIC METAMATERIALS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)... 134 FIGURE 25 TRENDS IN THE ACOUSTIC METAMATERIALS MARKET BY APPLICATION TYPE, 2010-2021 (%)... 134
FIGURE 25 (CONTINUED)... 135 ULTRASOUND IMAGING... 135 TABLE 55 METAMATERIALS MARKET FOR ULTRASOUND IMAGING APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)... 135 NOISE BARRIERS... 135 TABLE 56 ACOUSTIC METAMATERIALS MARKET IN OUTDOOR NOISE BARRIERS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)... 136 SEISMIC PROTECTION... 136 TABLE 57 ACOUSTIC METAMATERIALS MARKET IN SEISMIC PROTECTION APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)... 136 CHAPTER THIRTEEN: COMPANY PROFILES... 137 ALIGHT TECHNOLOGIES APS... 137 ALPS ELECTRIC CO., LTD.... 137 COLOSSAL STORAGE CORP.... 137 FIANIUM, LTD.... 138 ICX TECHNOLOGIES... 138 INFRAMAT CORP.... 138 JEM ENGINEERING, LLC... 139 LUMINUS DEVICES, INC.... 139 LUXTERA, INC... 139 NEOMAX COMPANY, LTD.... 140 OMNIGUIDE, INC.... 140 NANOSTEEL COMPANY, INC.... 140 NEWPORT CORPORATION... 141 NKT PHOTONICS A/S... 141 OMNIGUIDE, INC.... 141 OPALUX INC.... 142 PHOTEON TECHNOLOGIES GMBH... 142 PHOTONIC LATTICE, INC.... 143 RAYSPAN, INC.... 143 ROOM TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS, INC.... 144 SANDVIK MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY AB... 144 TERAVIEW, LTD.... 144 VACUUMSCHMELZE GMBH... 145 APPENDIX: PATENT ANALYSIS... 146 FIGURE 26 RECENT U.S. METAMATERIALS-RELATED PATENTS ISSUED TO 11/15/1011 (%)... 146 TABLE 58 MAJOR U.S. METAMATERIALS PATENTS, TO NOVEMBER 15, 2011... 147 REFERENCES... 148 REFERENCES... 148 REFERENCES (CONTINUED)... 149
REFERENCES (CONTINUED)... 150