ME 4875/MTE 575 - C16 Introduction to Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Lecture 2 - Applications of Nanomaterials + Projects 1
Project Teams of 4 students each Literature review of one application of nanotechnology Prepare a report (detailed) Prepare a poster (summary) Poster session on last three days of class 2
Project Content How does the application work? Why is a nanomaterial needed? Which nanomaterial is/could be used? What are the unique size-dependent properties of the nanomaterial? How is the nanomaterial made? How is the nanomaterial imaged/measured/characterized? 3
Poster Session 4-5 groups will present per session, all other groups will rotate from poster to poster as the audience Each group will present 4-5 times 5 minutes of oral presentation 5 minutes of question/answers Audience: Prof, and other groups Team 1 Team 5 Team 6 Team 4 Team 11 Team 12 Team 7 Team 8 Team 2 Team 9 Team 10 Team 3 4
Resources for Literature Review Literature Databases - WPI provides on-campus access to scientific papers from most journals Search scientific papers across a wide range of disciplines using Webofknowledge.com Google Scholar Different ways to search Title, topic, Boolean, exact phrases Different ways to filter Number of citations, date published, relevance Cite Literature, make sure not to plagiarize Names of authors, article title, journal name, issue, volume and page numbers, year Recommend using a bibliographic software such as Endnote to manage citations easily Each team member should read and cite ~5 highly relevant papers for the project 5
Poster Resources Poster template will be provided on mywpi Keep it simple, clear and well-organized More graphics, less text Poster printing services - Academic Technology Center's front desk located in Fuller Labs, Room 117 36 x 48 on glossy paper Cost ~ $28 ($7 per team member) 6
Nano Properties/Applications physical melting point depression size-dependent phase stability electronic quantum confinement of electrons quantum tunneling depletion layer effects optical band gap tuning multiple exciton, hot carrier plasmonics photonic crystals heat phonon transport mechanical nanoscale grains, dislocation motion superelasticity in nanowires chemical increased reactivity of nanoparticles new compounds only possible at nanoscale Computing Memory Electronics Sensors Solar cells Optical fibers Optical coatings and filters Metamaterials Thermoelectrics Insulators Lightweight, strong, tough materials Highly reactive yet cheap catalysts many of these are in the research stage only 7
Project Topics (In no particular order) 1. Solar Cells 2. Batteries 3. Structural Materials 4. Thermoelectrics 5. Computing (transistors) 6. Memory (magnetic, flash, etc) 7. Drug delivery 9. Chemical Sensing 10. Catalysis 11. Energetic Materials 12. Piezoelectrics 13. Robotics 14. Photonics 15. Coatings 8. Biological Sensing 8
Spectral Irradiance (W/m 2 /nm) Solar Cells Quantum dot solar cells Band gap tuning Multiple exciton generation Hot-carrier collection Efficient carrier collection 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 CdSe quantum dots 0.0 0 1 2 3 4 Photon Energy (ev) Chem. Soc. Rev., 2011, 40, 1512-1546 9
Batteries Li insertion Fundamental battery parameters: - Energy density - Power density - Cycle life and safety - Cost C. K. Chan and Y. Cui, Nature Nanotechnology 3, 31 (2008). 10
Structural Materials New material which exploits super-elasticity of nanowires DARPA SCIENCE Vol 339, 2013 11
Thermoelectrics smooth nanowires rough nanowires 10 μm 4 nm Hochbaum et al. Nature, 2007 Thermoelectric generators depend on materials with high electrical conductivity but low thermal conductivity. The ratio of electrical and thermal conductivity of a material can be tuned by shaping it as a nanowire, in which heat-carrying phonons are scattered off the rough sidewalls 12
Computing (Transistors) Conventional MOSFET Nanotube transistors Al Top Gate Nanocrystal transistor D SiO 2 HfO 2 S Atomic layer transistors Limitations of conventional silicon MOSFETs New devices: Single electron transistors, tunneling junctions, nanocrystal, nanowire, nanotube, atomic layer transistors. 13
Computer Memory IEEE Spectrum Nature Physics 4, 17-18 (2008) Quantum-mechanical phenomena of electron tunneling and spindependent electron tunneling are used to make high-performance computer memories such as flash and MRAM. These devices rely on the ability to make layered materials with highly controlled nanoscale thicknesses. 14
Drug Delivery Targeted drug delivery using: micelles nanoparticles magnetic nanoparticles 15
Biological Sensing nanoparticle contrast agents carbon nanotube fluorescent sensors many others Michael Strano, MIT 16
Conductance (ns) Chemical Sensing 1400 1200 1000 800 ph 5 4 3 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 8 7 6 5 0 2000 Time (s) 4000 depletion layer conductive core 17
Catalysis gold nanoparticles nanostructuring increases surface area, but also increases reactivity per unit surface area! nanostructured MoS 2 18
Energetic Materials Example: 2Al + 3CuO Al 2 O 3 + 3Cu + lots of heat directional propulsion nano-actuators 19
Piezoelectrics AC generator based on piezoelectric ZnO nanowires ZnO V s >0 (V+ s ) V s =0 - V s <0(V s ) Z. L. Wang, Nano Lett., 2009, 9 (3) Z.L. Wang and Song, Science 312 (2006) Due to the ability of nanowires to undergo large elastic deformations, piezoelectric materials in the form of nanowires could be used to convert mechanical energy to electrical energy with higher efficiency than bulk materials. 20
Robotics 2-stroke carbon nanotube motor Alex Zettl Bio-inspired flagellum motors 21
Photonics photonic crystals metamaterials (invisibility cloaks) plasmonics 22
Coatings superhydrophobicity super-adhesion anti-reflection 23
Project Topics (again) (In no particular order) 1. Solar Cells 2. Batteries 3. Structural Materials 4. Thermoelectrics 5. Computing (transistors) 6. Memory (magnetic, flash, etc) 7. Drug delivery/nanomedicine 9. Chemical Sensing 10. Catalysis 11. Energetic Materials 12. Piezoelectrics 13. Robotics 14. Photonics 15. Coatings 8. Biological Sensing 24
How to Rank Topics Fill out your preferences on mywpi - Course Materials > Project Resources Rank topics from 1-15, with your most preferred topic as # 1 (rate all) Be adventurous Preferences due by midnight on Tuesday, Jan 19 I will match preferences to form the groups Groups and presentation day will be announced on Friday, Jan 22 25