Mapping and monitoring sedimentary processes and fluxes across fjord deltas - Baffin Island John E. Hughes Clarke, Steve Brucker, Auke van der Werfe, Ian Church and Kashka Iwanowska Ocean Mapping Group, Dept. Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, University of New Brunswick. jhc@omg.unb.ca Arctic Change 2008 : T16. River-Ocean Interactions and Fluvial- Marine Mass Transfer in the North: Past, Present, and Future Annual Scientific Meeting, the ArcticNet Network of Centres of Excellence of Canada
OUTLINE Watersheds and drainage of Northern Baffin Island Fresh Water input to Eclipse Sound and Admiralty Inlet Delta Surveys rationale and objectives Revealed Morphology Change Analysis Future Intentions CSL Heron OMG/GGE EM 3002 A partnership with Canadian Hydrographic Service (Central and Arctic) Tim Janzen and Jason Bartlett CSL Kinglet CHS single beam CCGS Henry Larsen Arctic Operations August 13 th Sept 23 rd 2008
OBJECTIVES: 1. CHARTING 2. GEOHAZARDS 3. MARINE GEOMATICS 4. FJORD DELTA DYNAMICS 5. CLIMATE CHANGE?? 2008 Heron Deployments -22 splash days (of 42): 1. Resolute Bay (3) 2. Adams Sound(7) 3. Strathcona Sound (3) 4. Cape Charles Yorke (1) 5. Navy Board Inlet (1) 6. Lavoie Point (1) 7. Eclipse Sound (3) 8. Oliver Sound (2) 9. Southern Admiralty (1) Barrow Strait Prince Regent Inlet Lancaster Sound Baffin Bay Baffin Island
Borden Icecap Bylot Icecap Examined Deltas OliverIcecap Baffin Island Permanent Icecaps Barnes Icecap
ADMIRALTY INLET Brodeur Peninsula Borden Peninsula Bylot Island Major Watersheds and Divides ECLIPSE SOUND Fury and Hecla Strait Steensby Inlet, Foxe Basin
POND INLET E C L I P S E S O U N D D R A I N A G E
Ice Cap South Ice Cap North Original Survey -2006 Re-Surveys - 2008
N 900m Oliver Sound, Sirmilik National Park EM300/EM3002 multibeam survey NGCC Amundsen, CSL Heron, Sept. 4 th,5 th,6 th 2006 900m 1100m 100m 1000m 900m 0m 100m 200m 300m 400m 500m Projection: UTM, Zone 17, NAD83 1km 10m pixel resolution Background : Landsat 7, 30m resolution 15 th August 2000 Contours: CDED1, 1 to 50,000 (23m) and 1 to 250,000 (93m) air photos Ocean Mapping Group, University of New Brunswick
Loss of horizontal control due to satellite geometry CSL Heron August 2006 CSL Heron August 2008 Difference (-2m black +4m white) 60m 50m 40m 80m 70m 250m Up to 4m accretion in local depo-centre VERTICAL Eclipse Sound nested hydrodynamic model HORIZONTAL RTG assessing PPP and LR-PPK Sound Speed Structure MVP-30 > 10m accretion due to progradation
N Oliver Sound, Sirmilik National Park EM300/EM3002 multibeam survey NGCC Amundsen, CSL Heron, Sept. 4 th,5 th,6 th 2006 1000m 900m 900m 900m 800m 200m 1000m 300m 0m 900m 100m 200m 300m 400m 500m 800m Projection: UTM, Zone 17, NAD83 1km 10m pixel resolution Background : Landsat 7, 30m resolution 15 th August 2000 Contours: CDED1, 1 to 50,000 (23m) and 1 to 250,000 (93m) air photos Ocean Mapping Group, University of New Brunswick
CSL Heron August 2006 200m EROSION PROGRADATION Loss of horizontal control due to satellite geometry Difference (-2m black +4m white) 150m 100m 50m CSL Heron August 2008 VERTICAL Eclipse Sound nested hydrodynamic model HORIZONTAL RTG assessing PPP and LR-PPK Sound Speed Structure MVP-30
10km Strathcona Sound AdamsSound Nanisivik Arctic Bay 41 km section 110 MVP30 dips to 50m Temperature Salinity New Delta Targets 2008 for future change analysis Opportunistic Locations Dictated by Charting Priorities
10km STRATHCONA SOUND
Strathcona River Delta Strathcona Sound, Admiralty Inlet
100m 75m 150m 200m 225m 1 km Nanisivik dock
100m 75m 150m 200m 225m 1 km Nanisivik dock
Wide subtidal (<5m) delta platform 500m 125m 25m 100m 0m 50m 3.5 khz chirped subbottom profile
Wide subtidal (<5m) delta platform Intertidal Levees Strathcona River Delta active channel mouth
10km Raised Delta Platforms ADAMS SOUND
South Adams Delta Adams Sound, Admiralty Inlet Raised Delta Platforms Active Modern Delta Eroding Elevated Delta Platform
200m 225m 150m 1 km 100m
225m 200m 100m 500m
Amundsen EM300 transits ICEBERGS Heron EM3002 surveys PPK station Navy Board Inlet Delta Studies
Delta Plain Abandoned CCGS Henry Larsen Bylot Island Delta Surveys Sept 1 st 2008 Abandoning Active Delta Front Platform (intertidal) ProDelta Slope CSL Heron CCGS Henry Larsen
RETURN 2009-2010? 20m 90m 80m 60m 40m Greater Exposure to Iceberg Impacts
CONCLUSIONS Inventory of subtidal delta morphology is being compiled. - bathymetry, backscatter, subbottom -including seabed sampling (as yet unanalysed) Repetitive Surveys reveal temporal evolution: both processes and volumes Clear relationship to: Exposure to wave-action Iceberg keel-depths and Frequency Watershed dimensions glacier fed? Sediment Discharge grain-size and provenance Relative Sea Level Subtidal is particularily sensitive to iceberg reworkingbalance between impacts and their burial is a potential geohazard risk indicator. << estimate impact frequency
FUTURE PLANS Re-visit deltas (2009-2010): Stratchcona River South Adams Delta Navy Board Deltas - Difference Analysis: Vertical Accuracy Issues Tides/PPK/PPP Horizontal Accuracy - # satellites Genuine Geomorphic Evolution Progradation Mass Wasting Events Iceberg Impacts Southern Admiralty Inlet Deltas 10km Add new deltas: suggestions? Core Analysis:?proxy for longer hydrological records?
QUESTIONS? Acknowledgements: Officers and crew of CCGS Henry Larsen:
125m 175m SCALE 1 km
0m 50m 1 km 150m 200m 150m 200m C.S.L. Heron 3.5 khz subbottom 100m 150m