Session 1 Healthy Streams Stream Hydraulics Natural Channel Design

Session 1 Healthy Streams Stream Hydraulics Natural Channel Design Bill Brant Heart of America Flyfishers Black & Veatch Kansas City, MO February 21, 2014

http://www.bobswebspace.com Audience? What do you see?

Need to start with one definition: Flow = Discharge = Q = volume of fluid which passes through a given surface per unit time Q = cross sectional area of a stream x average velocity Q=Cubic feet per second (CFS)

Spring Creek at Milesburg 250 CFS Pine Creek (Lycoming County) =1,000 CFS in the spring Pine Creek (Lycoming County) =50 CFS during a dry summer Youghiogheny River at Ohiopyle =2,000 CFS in the spring Delaware River at Trenton NJ 5,000 CFS

Sediment Transport, a.k.a. Lane s Relationship

White River near Mount St. Helens Wikipedia

Source: Miller (1990). 1990 Wadsworth Publishing Co. Sediment in less than sediment out Sediment in equals sediment out Sediment in greater than sediment out

Summitpost.org Start near the top of the watershed

Will Harman slide

Miller (1990). 1990 Wadsworth Publishing Co. Middle of the watershed

Meanders provide a mechanism for streams to adjust their length to reach sediment transport equilibrium

Meanders can be measured allowing a healthy stream to be used as a reference for one needing tlc

Meanders tend to migrate downstream

Meanders dump energy and create habitat

Dave Derrick slide

Miller (1990). 1990 Wadsworth Publishing Co. Bottom of the watershed

Sediment transport during the Pleistocene

Bank Instabilty

Before flood Banks stable During flood Banks stable After flood Geotechnical Bank Failures

Natural Channel Design - The process by which new or reconstructed stream channels and their associated flood plain riparian systems are designed to be naturally functional, stable, healthy, productive, and sustainable. Ottawa, Ontario

Natural Channel Design- it s a good idea, but is not good terminology, it implies that some methods are 100% natural and others are 100% unnatural.

David Rosgen developed a methodology for NCD

Utilizing the softest and most natural materials for bed and bank protection is one of the NCD tools

Types of Civil Engineers/ River Engineers/Fluvial Geomorphologists/Potomologists Those who are skeptical of soft bed and bank protection methods Those who believe in it, but do not know it s limitations Those who competently employ it

Grade control traditional design - $50M

Grade Control Engineered rock riffles a.k.a. Newburg rock riffles much less than $50M

Self launching longitudinal peaked toe stone

Redirective methods- The goal is to move the high velocity thalwag away from an eroding bank. Often used by the Corps of Engineers for protecting facilities such as bridge abutments. Dave Derrick is the king of these methods. He retired from the Corps in 2013, and is now a private consultant. Google Dave Derrick lectures for his Corps library of programs. Google Dave Derrick Buffalo workshop for his UB workshop in May/June

John Blansett photo

Dave Derrick or Phil Balch photo Bendway weirs, Neosho River, KS

Andrew Berg photo Rock Vanes with bioengineering, Irwin Creek, NC

ACOE Thompson River Study

Bank stabilization Vertical banks are not stable The toe of the bank slopes are the most prone to scour. The outside of bends are the most prone to scour Plants are not very effective for bank stabilization below the minimum water level

Natural Resources Conservation Service Stream Restoration Design (National Engineering Handbook 654)

Deep rooted prairie plants

Profile Products hydroseeding

Trees and shrubs

adventitious rooting plants, 6 pages of plants in TS-14I Wikipedia

Dave Derrick slide

Large Woody Debris

Dave Derrick slide

Bob Gubernick slide

Dave Derrick slide

Bob Gubernick slide

http://www.bobswebspace.com So now, what do you see?

For more details: Google: Dave Derrick lectures & go see him in Buffalo Mid-Atlantic Stream Restoration Conference http://midatlanticstream.org/ Google: NRCS Stream Restoration Google: Pennsylvania habitat improvement for trout streams Google: Bankfull flow video US Forest Service Google: Guidelines for Natural Stream Channel Design for Pennsylvania Google: Regional Curves Relating Bankfull-Channel Geometry and Discharge to Drainage Area Pennsylvania (this is advanced)

Questions?