11 4 2005 11 ELECTROCHEM ISTRY Vol. 11 No. 4 Nov. 2005 : 100623471 (2005) 0420420205 3 1, 2, 1, 1, 1 (1., 271000; 2., 271000) :,,., ( ),, 6 ma /cm 2 15 m in 40 L /h 1. 0, < 500CFU /L, ( GB8978 1996). : ; ; ; : O 646, R123. 6 : A,.,, HW 01,, [ 1 ].,1996 :,, [ 2 ]., ( ) ( ) [ 3 ].,,,,, ;,,,,, ;,,,,, [ 4 ].,,,. [ 5 ]. [ 6 9 ],.,,,. 1 1. 1 1,,,,.,,20 cm 8 cm 10 cm, 1 000 ml, 3 (, ), 120 cm 2 1 mm 2 cm.,. : 2005206220, : 2005207218 3 : Tel: (862538) 6238036, E2mail: Zfli@ tsme. edu. cn ( TSM2005)
4 : 421 1 Fig. 1 The schematic diagram of experimental equipment for electrochem ical disinfection 1) settling, 2) filtrating, 3) measuring, 4) cathode, 5) anode, 6) air flow meter 1. 2,,,,, 1 000 ml.,,,, [ 10 ]. 1. 3,, 3. 5 10 4 CFU /L. 2 2. 1,, 30 V 6 ma /cm 2 15 m in 40 L /h 1. 0, 1. 1,,,,.,, Fe 2 + A l 3 + Fe (OH) 3 ( ) A l(oh) 3 ( ) [ 11 ],,, [ 12 ],,.,,,,,,.,, H 2 O 2 O 3 [ 13 ], ClO 2 HClO -,,.,,.,,. 1 Tab. 1 Influence of anode material on the removal rates Electrode material Fe A l C ( graphite) Ti Count of total coliform bacteria in ingoing water (CFU /L) Count of total coliform bacteria in outgoing water (CFU /L) Removal rates /% 3. 5 10 4 1. 9 10 4 45. 7 3. 5 10 4 0. 9 10 4 73. 4 3. 5 10 4 0. 5 10 4 86. 6 3. 5 10 4 0. 4 10 4 98. 9 2. 2 2,,1 000 ml, 30 V, 40 L /h 1. 0,. 2,,. 5 m in ;, > 4 200 CFU / L; 10 m in; > 8 ma /
422 2005 cm 2 ;15 m in; > 6 ma / cm 2, 500 CFU /L., [ 14 ],,,,.,,,,, 6 ma /cm 2 15 m in. 2 Fig. 2 Influence of current density and hydraulic reten2 tion time on the removal rates hydraulic retention time /min: 5, 10, 15 2. 3 1 000 ml, 30 V, 6 ma /cm 2 15 m in 1. 0,,, 3. 3,, 40 L /h,.,,,,,., 3 Fig. 3 The influence of air flow rate on the removal rates,,,,, 40 L /h. 2. 4 30 V 6 ma /cm 2 15 m in 40 L /h, ( cm 2 /cm 3 ),, 4. 4,< 0. 7, ; 0. 7, 85%,,,,,,,,,.,,,., 4 Fig. 4 The influence of the rate of anode effective area to the inner water volume on the removal rates
4 : 423 1. 0, 0. 35 kw h /m 3 (H 2 O ), 500 CFU /L. 3 1),, 30 V 6 ma /cm 2 15 m in 40 L /h 1. 0 ( 50 000 CFU /L ), < 500 CFU /L, ( GB8978 1996). 0. 35 kw h /m 3 (H 2 O ). 2),,,.,,. (R efe rence s) : [ 1 ] Ma Shihao ( ), L ing Bo ( ). Hosp ital W astewater and Pollutant Treatment [ M ]. Beijing: Chem ical Industrial Press, 2000. 160 177. [ 2 ] L i Zhifu (), Xu N ing( ). Study on the p rop2 erty parameters of ClO 2 for treating sewage from hosp itals [ J ]. Techniques and Equipment for Environmental Pol2 lution Control( in Chinese), 2003, 5: 23 26. [ 3 ] Tang Shouyin (), Dai Youzhi (). Engi2 neering Handbook of W ater[m ]. Beijing: Chem ical In2 dustrial Press, 2000. 184 197. [ 4 ] Stucki S, Kotz R, Carcer, et al. Electrochem ical wastewater treatment using high overvoltage anodes. Part 2: Anode performance and app lications [ J ]. J. App l. Electrochem., 1991, 21 (2) : 99 104. [ 5 ] Rajeshwar K, Ibanez J G, Swain GM. Electrochem istry and the environment [ J ]. J. App l. Electrochem., 1994, 24: 1 077 1 091. [ 6 ] Yu Q iongwei (), Zhou Yuanquan (). Study on dye wastewater treatment using the direct elec2 trolysis [ J ]. Techniques and Equipment for Environ2 mental Pollution Control ( in Chinese), 2004, 5 ( 7) : 64 69. [ 7 ] L iang Hong( ), Zeng Kangmei (), Yang J i2 cheng(). Analysis on influencing factor in trea2 ting high2colority reactive dyes wastewater by multi2elec2 trodes method[ J ]. Techniques and Equipment for Envi2 ronmental Pollution Control ( in Chinese), 2004, 5 ( 4) : 27 31. [ 8 ] Yang Song ( ), L i Yum ing (), Zhou J iti ( ). Treatment of aniline using Three - dimensional three - phase fluidized bed electrode [ J ]. Techniques and Equipment for Environmental Pollution Control ( in Chinese), 2004, 5 (6) : 43 47. [ 9 ] J ia Chengzhi (), Luo Ping ( ), Zou Jaqing (). Reactive dye wastewater treatment by elec2 trolysis[ J ]. Environmental Engineering ( in Chinese), 2004, 22 (2) : 27 29. [ 10 ] L iu Desheng (), L i Zhifu (). Environ2 mental Monitor [ M ]. Beijing: Chem ical Industrial Press, 2000. 55 59. [ 11 ] Beijing Normal University ( ), Hua Zhong Normal University( ). Inorganic Chem istry [ M ]. Beijing: H igher Education Press, 1987. 673 827. [ 12 ] Fu Xiancai(), Chen Ruihua (). Physi2 cal Chem istry [M ]. Beijing: H igher Education Press, 1989. 477 496. [ 13 ] W ang A im in (), Qu J iuhui(), Ge J ian2 tuan (). The aduances on the mechanism s of electrochem ical treatment of organic pollutants [ J ]. Techniques and Equipment for Environmental Pollution Control( in Chinese), 2002, 3 (10) : 10 13. [ 14 ] Dalian University of Technology ( ). In2 organic Chem istry [ M ]. Beijing: H igher Education Press, 2001. 186 187.
424 2005 Electrochem ical D isinfection Method to Treat W astewater from Hosp itals L I Zhi2fu 3 1, TAN Ya2dong 2, XU N ing 1, REN Shao2hong 1, ZHAO Yu 1 (1. S chool of Chem istry and Chem ical Eng ineering, Tai Shan M edica l College, Taian 271000, China ) (2. Environm ental P rotection B ureau of Ta ian, Ta ian 271000, China) Ab s tra c t: Electrochem ical disinfection method was used to treat wastewater from hosp itals. electrochem ical disinfection was researched by using the different anode materials. The mechanism of The results showed that when the titanium coated with noble metal(ru Pt Ir) oxide was used as an anode and stainless steel as a cathode, the current density was 6 ma /cm 2, hydraulic retention time was 15 m in, air flow rate was 40 L /h, the rate of anode effective area to the inner water volum e was 1. 0, the amount of total colibacillus was below 500 CFU /L after electrochem ical disinfection, A ll these m eet the first order of Effluent D ischarge Standard ( GB8978298). Ke y wo rd s: Hosp ital s wastewater, Electrochem ical disinfection, Electrode m aterial, Amount of total coliba2 cillus