LANGUISHING CRAFT NANDANA HANDBLOCK PRINTING

Sponsored by Development Commissioner (Handicrafts) Ministry of Textiles Government of India Research Study and Documentation by S-4 Khirki Extn, New Delhi - 110 017 Tel: +91-11-29545015 Email: mail@craftrevival.org Web Encyclo Journal: www.craftrevival.org LANGUISHING CRAFT NANDANA HANDBLOCK PRINTING Ummedpura, Tarapur, Madhya Pradesh LANGUISHING CRAFT NANDANA HANDBLOCK PRINTING Ummedpura & Tarapur Sponsored by Development Commissioner (Handicrafts) Ministry of Textiles Government of India Madhya Pradesh

LANGUISHING CRAFT NANDANA HAND BLOCK PRINTING Ummedpura & Tarapur, Madhya Pradesh Sponsored by Development Commissioner (Handicrafts) Ministry of Textiles Government of India Research Study and Documentation by

Acknowledgement C at e i al T ust tha ks the Oi e of the De elop e t Co issio e Ha di ats, Mi ist of Te iles, Go e e t of I dia, fo thei suppo t a d spo so ship of this e i po ta t su je t. We a k o ledge ith tha ks h i.. Gupta, De elop e t Co issio e Ha di ats fo his help a d suppo t. Tha ks to t Alka A o a, Addiio al De elop e t Co issio e Ha di ats fo he o sta t suppo t. Ou tha ks to h i ohit Bha d aj, Di e to, Oi e of the De elop e t Co issio e Ha di ats Tha ks a e also due to the oi e a d staf of Oi e of the De elop e t Co issio e Ha di ats

Contents I t odu io A out Na da a Na da a Moifs Colou Palate P odu ts P odu ed A out the Pla e A out the P i te s a d Wo ke s Tools of the T ade - Wood Blo k P i i g Othe Tools of the T ade a Mate ials e ui ed Wate ou e P o ess a d Te h i ue P odu io Ma kei g Go e e t uppo t Ke Issues a d e o e daio s A e u e esea h Methodolog 07 10 15 16 21 28 37 47 55 62 68 69 78 82 88 95 100 101

Madh a P adesh Nee u h Bhopal I do e 6 Nandana Handblock Printing, Ummedpura & Tarapur, Madhya Pradesh

I t odu io Though u h i fo aio is usuall a aila le o the a ts a d ats that e e pat o ized the elite, the i fo aio a aila le o su alte t adiio s ha e usuall to e put togethe a d the st i gs d a i f o a ious sou es. I the ase of Na da a p i i g ho e e e e e fo tu ate that the i po ta e of these e te s as fo i fo stud as e og ized a d the e e i luded i the Ce sus of I dia, Mo og aph se ies o Household I dust 1 a d addiio all i a stud o du ted i o the Te ile Ha d P i i g I dust of Ja ad Tehsil, Madh a P adesh u e epo t No the All I dia Ha di ats Boa d, a e all poi te s of the e og iio of the i dust a d this e te i te s of e plo e t, e o o i s a d ultu all. While do u e taio elai g to the at p odu io a e usuall ha d to o e, e a e fo tu ate that these epo ts p o ides us ith detailed i fo aio to use as a ase ot o l fo o pa iso ith p ese t i es, ut also fo stud i g the ha ges of te h i ues a d p o esses o e the de ades. Fu the o e it p o ides us ith the the p e aili g o al histo ies. The histo of the Na da a p i ts, the ake s a d the o su e s of the te iles has ee a i esigaio th ough the a hi es a d o al histo ies a d isits to the pla e. 1 Mo og aph o III. Pa t VII-A Nandana Handblock Printing, Ummedpura & Tarapur, Madhya Pradesh 7

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About Nandana The ha a te isi, e le ai all ep ese tai e oifs of Na da a, ith thei i h a d deep olo palete, p i ted o du a le a d ha d- ea i g te iles a e sill p odu ed toda, al eit i a u h edu ed a e. Na da a is a a esist-d e p o ess of ha d lo k p i i g o p isi g of a out steps i its p odu io. This o ple te h i ue as used to p i t oa se oto fa i s fo the pat o o u it of Bhil s a d Bhilal s i the t i al elt e te di g a oss Ce t al a d Weste I dia. With apid u a izaio, the ush to o te po ize a d ake the est use of a ket li kages to e e gi g et opolita a kets, the o e t et ee the olde pat o o u iies a d the ake s is eake i g. This a io is t ue of the Na da a lo k p i ted te ile. The li k et ee the pat o o u it, the Bhil s a d Bilal s a d the p i te s of the te ile, the chippa o u it, is u h edu ed, though it o i ues ill toda i a toke a. While U edpu a a d Ta apu e ai s a a i e p i i g luste the u e s i ol ed ith Na da a p i i g a e u h edu ed, i fa t the Na da a p i i g is o o l a seaso al a i it a d see s to e o a steep de li i g path. 10 Nandana Handblock Printing, Ummedpura & Tarapur, Madhya Pradesh

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Na da a Moifs T adiio all, fou st lized oifs de i ed f o lo e s a d pla ts ha a te ize the desig epe toi e of a da a p i ts. These a e - Amba o Nafa a - a go Mirchi - hill Champakali - jas i e lo e Jaalam buta or bada buta These fou dife e t oifs that ha a te ize the Na da a te iles ha e ee adhe ed to faithfull, as e e i the esea he s oted that the sa e fou desig s e e i e iste e a d e e popula ith the lie ts, ith o ha ge see o e ui ed the t i als, i spite of so e efo t ade to i t odu e e desig s. Nandana Handblock Printing, Ummedpura & Tarapur, Madhya Pradesh 15

Colo Palate i e histo i i es, olou s ha e ee pa t of the olo palate of a da a p i ts la k as the ase olo, o tai ed f o usted i o ; deep ed de i ed f o aliza i ; ello de i ed f o anar ke chilke o po eg a ate ski ; a d i digo lue. To ate to the u a a kets, the ase fa i is o also d ed i g ee, lue, a d a oo olou s. 16 Nandana Handblock Printing, Ummedpura & Tarapur, Madhya Pradesh

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Products Produced The si gle ost i po ta t ite of p odu io i the s as the Na da as, used the a d o fo the olu i ous gathe ed full le gth ski ts/ghagh as the t i al o e. The p odu t a ge is li ited a d has ot e ol ed f o hat as p odu ed t adiio all a fa i pie e o as a ghaagra/ gathe ed a kle le gth ski t the t i al o e. The t adiio al pie es a e ade i the follo i g easu e e ts i ete s.,,.,,,.,.. Ya dage o u i g ate ial is sold i o -lo al a kets like et os. I e e t ea s, i e ou ts of oto fo the ase fa i ha e ee i t odu ed to ate to the u a a kets. While t adiio all the olo palete has al a s ee la k a d o i ues to e so ill toda, so e e olo s a e g aduall ei g i t odu ed su h as i digo lue, a oo, a d i digo g ee fo the ase fa i. Ate pts ha e also ee ade the p i te s to i t odu e e oifs. Desig i te e io s a e ii al to di e sif the p odu t a ge a d a ess e a kets. Ho e e, the p i i g usi esses he e feel that su h i te e io s i the past ha e ot ielded e eits. The fo us has ee li ited to ha gi g the pla e e t of oifs o the fa i. The feel that ost of the desig e s o i situio s o du i g o kshops a e ot e uipped to deal ith the te h i aliies of the at. The p i te s feel that i t odu io of e te h i ues, p odu ts, o desig s ould dei itel e a alue-add a d the ould e eit f o desig e pe ts ha i g good u de sta di g of the at to e a le to i o ate. Nandana Handblock Printing, Ummedpura & Tarapur, Madhya Pradesh 21

About the Clientele I i te ie s ith aste ats e i the s it e e ged that the i dust is o e ea s old a d f o its i epio the t adiio al usto e of the Na da a p i ts a e e e s of the Bhil a d Bhilal o u it esidi g i the Dha a d Jha ua dist i t of Madh a P adesh, the Pa ha ahal dist i t of Guja at a d pa ts of No th este ajastha. Fu the p o i g e ealed that p io to Wo ld Wa II these p i ts e e popula i i gapo e a d a goo i Bu a a d e tai A a ia a kets. Ho e e, i the post- a pe iod, o peiio f o ill- ade p i ts ga ea se ious set- a k to the i dust a d ought a out a o plete e i io of e po ts. Also e e i a s all sh i kage i the t adiio al do esi a ket as oted due to o peiio f o ill p i ted loth. The Na da a te iles ha e ee sold to e ha ts ho t ade the i lo al a kets a d haats i the t i al elt. This histo i al t adi g s ste o i ues ill toda. T adiio all ullo k a ts ould a the e ha dise f o Ta apu to Ja ad oad ail a staio, a d it as the loaded i t ai s fo Jha ua a d othe pla es. The d ess of the Bhil t i es displa a disi t ha a te isi s ith the o a ea i g a uppe ga e t alled the kapada, a ghagh a a d a odh a. The kapada is a sho tslee ed oto louse, hi h is held loth ies at the a k a ou d the e k a d the aist. The ghagh a is a kle-le gth a d is i ge iousl tu ed i to a pai of t ouse s, hile o ki g i the ields. A st i g ata hed at the e t e a k of the he is passed et ee the legs 22 Nandana Handblock Printing, Ummedpura & Tarapur, Madhya Pradesh

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th ough a loop i the e t e f o t he a d is the tu ked i at the a k aist, to look so e hat like a a `s dhoi. The fa i used as the a da a. While t adiio all the Bhils ould ea Na da a as a egula ea, toda its usage as lothi g is est i ted to i po ta t ituals a o g the t i als su h as a iages, fesi als, o deaths. The fesi al of Holi lo all k o as bhagoria the Bhils is the t i al o u it s iggest fesi al a d is ele ated fo da s. Du i g this fesi e pe iod the t i als e gage i eai g, d i ki g, si gi g, a d a iage-i i g. The post-bhagoria pe iod is the peak i e fo the sale of Na d a as a a iages take pla e du i g this i e. Nandana Handblock Printing, Ummedpura & Tarapur, Madhya Pradesh 27

About the Place The t i illages of U edpu a a d Ta apu i Nee u h Dist i t of Madh a P adesh ha e had a lo g histo of te ile p i i g a d a e the ost i po ta t e t e of Na da a ha d lo k p i i g. A k o ledged o e the past a de ades as ell k o e te s fo ha d lo k p i i g that as p odu ed a d a keted fo its t i al lie tele sp ead a oss Madh a P adesh, ajastha a d Guja at. Lo ated i the o th- este pa t of the state o de i g ajastha, the i lue e of ajastha i food a d ultu e a e easil oi ed he e. O e the ea s a da a p i i g has de li ed a d othe fo s of ha d p i i g su h as dabu a d aliza i ha e e o e o e do i a t i the luste. T adiio all the luste has ee ho e to the chhippas o the t adiio al ha d lo k p i i g o u it. P ese tl Ta apu has a total of a out - fa ilies. Hi dus a d Musli s a e do i a t alo g ith the t i al o u it of Bhils. Othe su - astes i lude Harijans, Chamars, a d Dhakars fa i g aste. Madh a P adesh has a la ge t i al populaio a d Bhils is o e of the sig ii a t t i es alo g ith Gond, Bhilala, a d fe othe s. Of the - households, the u e of fa ilies e gaged i ha d p i i g eithe di e tl o i di e tl i a illa a i iies is a out - o p isi g of a out a isa s ho a e egula l e plo ed i ha d p i i g. Of these, the u e of people e gaged i Na da a 28 Nandana Handblock Printing, Ummedpura & Tarapur, Madhya Pradesh

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p i i g du i g the p odu io seaso is a out. I the e e e u its o e t ated i U edpu a d Ta apu that e e i ol ed i Na da a p i i g a so de li e ith o e pe so s di e tl e plo ed i the t ade. Ja ad is the ai to lo ated at a dista e of a out k s f o U edpu a Ta apu. It is a essi le oad a d the oad o diio is uite good. People o ute eithe uses that u i the o i g a d e e i g o les o oto les. Nee u h to, the ad i ist ai e head ua te of Nee u h dist i t, a e ea hed oad i a out i utes. T ai s a e a ailed of f o Nee u h a d ail a staio at Ja ad oad. The ea est a ks a e lo ated i Ja ad that has the tate Ba k of I dia a d the Ce t al Ba k of I dia. The e a e go e e t s hools i Ta apu a p i a s hool, a d a othe f o lass th th. A out stude ts stud i the late. The e is a go e e t s hool fo gi ls i U edpu a ill lass th. The e is also a p i ate s hool ea h i oth pla es. While the e a e good fa iliies a aila le fo edu aio, the a ea has poo i f ast u tu e fo edi al fa iliies. The a ea does ot ha e a si gle li i o e e a edi al shop. The ea est hospital is lo ated i Ja ad. A u se at the p e ises of o e of the s hools i the a ea p o ides e asi edi al aid. The i e Ga hi i that o igi ates f o Chito hills i o th- est Madh a P adesh lo s th ough this egio. The li ate of the egio is si ila to that of the plai s i No the I dia. It has a hot a d d su e follo ed o soo s et ee Jul to epte e, a d ool i te s. While Madh a P adesh has a huge fo est o e, Nandana Handblock Printing, Ummedpura & Tarapur, Madhya Pradesh 31

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it is ostl o e t ated i the easte, southe a d e t al pa ts of the state. Fo p i i g, the i te o ths a e o side ed e elle t ith a te pe atu e of a out - deg ees he it is ot too hot o hu id. Mo soo is the i e of lo est p odu io. Like i ost u al a eas of I dia, ag i ultu e is a i po ta t a i it i the egio. Maize, g ou d uts, usta d, so a ea, a d pulses like u ad a d u g a e g o he e. 34 Nandana Handblock Printing, Ummedpura & Tarapur, Madhya Pradesh

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About the Printers and the Workers While t adiio all ha d lo k p i i g as the ai o upaio of the chhippas, o a e e s of the o u it ha e shited to othe sou es of li elihood. Ma ha e set up shops i Ja ad o ig ated to eigh o i g to s like Ma dsau, Bhil a a, a d Chito. A fa to ea alled Vik a Ce e t Fa to is a othe i po ta t a e ue of e plo e t fo the illage s. While fa ilies ho a e e gaged as o ke s ith the p i te s p efe to see thei hild e i d othe a e ues of e plo e t due to poo ages, the fa ilies u i g the p i i g usi ess p efe to see thei hild e e o e edu ated a d seek jo s as p ofessio als. The Chhippas o the p i i g o u it a oss I dia a e a loseso iall k it o u it that fo the Chhippa Samaj. The o u it o ships Sant Na de, the Bhaki sai t ho elo ged to the o u it of te ile p i te s. While U edpu a a d Ta apu ha e t adiio all ee the ha d p i i g luste s, u e tl the e a e o l karkhanas, u its that a e ope ai g i this a ea. A out - people a e e gaged ith these u its, di e tl a d i di e tl. All u its a e ei g u the Hi du Chhippa aste. u its a e u the Jha ia othe s Pu ushota a d P adeep ho split thei fathe s usi ess a d o ope ate i depe de tl. The d u it is u Dash ath Na a a d is p odu i g o l a d a p i ts as opposed to othe s ho ha e take to dabu a d aliza i p i ts as ell. The fou th u it is u Pa a Nandana Handblock Printing, Ummedpura & Tarapur, Madhya Pradesh 37

Jha ia. Like i all othe at fo s, the skills a e ha ded do f o ge e aio to ge e aio. The fa il e e s lea the at hile assisi g i the p i i g usi ess. Ho e e, the e a e o l fe households toda that a e i ol ed i ha d p i i g hile se e al chhippa fa ilies i the a ea ha e take to othe fo s of e plo e t. The ou ge ge e aio of the households ot p a i i g the at ha e the efo e ot a ui ed this at skill. The ou ge lot see s eithe oi ated o is e ou aged thei fa ilies to p a i e the at, e ept i ases he e o e of the so s i the household is espo si le to take o e the p i i g usi ess f o his fathe like i the ase of the Jha ia household. A o di g to the s do u e ts Ta apu a d U edpu a ha d lo k p i i g i dust p o ided the sou e of li elihood fo o e tha people elo gi g to fa ilies. The as o, the g eate o e t aio of o ke s as i U edpu a 2. Not o l as the at a he edita p ofessio it as also a aste/ o u it o upaio. The a g ez/d e s, the Musli ilga s/i digo d e s a d the Hi du a d Musli hippas/ lo k p i te s o ked togethe to p odu e good fo thei lie ts. A othe sig ii a t featu e of the household set up as the pa i ipaio of the fe ale e e s of the fa il i the 2 household i Ja ad; households i Ta apu ; household i U edpu a. Ce sus of I dia,, pp 38 Nandana Handblock Printing, Ummedpura & Tarapur, Madhya Pradesh

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o k p o ess, fo i g % of total o kfo e. 3 The o ke s o ki g i the p i i g u its see dissaisied ith thei i o e f o the at. Ma of the e pe ie ed p i te s a e e plo ed o i ed o thl sala ies of a out s.. The pa e ts a e ade i ash the th of ea h o th. The a e p o ided hai at the ka kha a a d get da s of i a ea du i g basant panchami a d sitla panchami. O e of the o ke s spoke to is ea s old a d has ee e gaged i p i i g o k fo the last ea s. The i o e i e e t o e the ea s has ee ise a le fo hi. While ea s a k he ade s. /da, toda he ea s a out s. /da. He li es i Ja ad a d o utes le. He o ked as a p i te i Bag u fo a out ea s. Ate the e po t usi ess as i pa ted he shited a k to his ai e pla e. While e e o e i his fa il k o s p i i g he is the o l o e e plo ed i it due to poo etu s. His t o so s a e e gaged i eldi g a d hite- ashi g o k. Whe asked if he e e thought of ei g a e t ep e eu, he said that ate is a a ute issue i Ta apu a d Ja ad a ea so he did ot feel oi ated e ough to take the isk of sta i g his o usi ess. A out - sa is a e p i ted i a da A pe so doi g p i i g the efo e akes a out s. - pe sa i. Pie e ates a e ot gi e. The o ke s eithe get dail ages o a i ed sala. Wo ke s do ot ha e a a k a ou t. The feel that thei i o e is too lo to allo fo a sa i gs. The e e ot a a e of a isa a ds. Ho e e, all o ke s a d o e s 3 While the e plo e t igu es of the AIHB epo t a e lo e, othe details su h as the aste a d eligious o upaio al di ide, pa i ipaio of o e o ke s, o e t aio i U edpu a, a e i pe e tage te s si ila. Nandana Handblock Printing, Ummedpura & Tarapur, Madhya Pradesh 41

ha e a health i su a e i iiated M.P. Hastshilp a d Hathka ga Vikas Niga oi e ased i Ta apu. The a ual p e iu is s.. Fo Cs a d Ts it is s.. The i su a e o e s s., as edi- lai, s. lakh i ase of a ide tal death, a d s. as ei u se e t fo p eg a elated e pe ses. Ho e e, a o di g to a a isa, e ei i g the lai f o the o pa see s ea l i possi le. It is i po ta t to o pa e ages of a isa s ith those o ki g i ag i ultu e a d fa to ies he e. While the dail age i p i i g is a ou d s. /da, i ag i ultu e it is a out s. /da a d a go up to s. /da du i g seaso. At a fa to a pe so is a le to ea a out s. /da. While fa ilies ho a e e gaged as o ke s ith the p i te s p efe to see thei hild e i d othe a e ues of e plo e t due to poo ages, the fa ilies u i g the p i i g usi ess p efe to see thei hild e e o e edu ated a d seek jo s as p ofessio als. While t adiio all ha d lo k p i i g as the ai o upaio of the chhippas, o a e e s of the o u it ha e shited to othe sou es of li elihood. Ma ha e set up shops i Ja ad o ig ated to eigh o i g to s like Ma dsau, Bhil a a, a d Chito. A fa to ea alled Vik a Ce e t Fa to is a othe i po ta t a e ue of e plo e t fo the illage s. 42 Nandana Handblock Printing, Ummedpura & Tarapur, Madhya Pradesh

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Tools of the T ade - Wood Blo ks fo P i i g The p i a tool i ha d p i i g is the a ed oode lo k used fo p i i g desig s o the fa i. The a i g of the oode lo k is a e uisite a d highl skilled at i itself. The lo ks used Na da a p i te s a e p o u ed f o Pethapu i Ga dhi aga dist i t of Guja at. Pethapu is the ost e o ed e t e fo ood lo k a i g i I dia. The lo k ake s he e suppl a ed oode lo ks to p i te s a oss the ou t. The ood used fo the lo k is saghwan o teak. It is st o g, esista t to te ites a d du a le. The lo ks a e o de ed the p i te s di e tl f o the lo k ake s. The desig s a e p o ided the p i te s. The fou dife e t oifs that a e used to eate the ha a te isi a da a p i ts the naparma or amba, chapkari or champakali, mirchi, and buta e ui es the use of lo ks ea h to eate the o plete oif. The a i g of the lo ks fo a da a is hollo. A lo k set if used f e ue tl lasts fo a out a ea. Othe ise it a e used fo ea s a i u. The lo ks that a e i use a e lea ed dippi g the i old ate a d lea i g ith a ush. Mi o da ages i the lo ks a e epai ed the lo k ake s. Cu e tl the p i e of a lo k used i a da a is a out s. Nandana Handblock Printing, Ummedpura & Tarapur, Madhya Pradesh 47

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-. i e lo ks a e used fo a o plete desig, a set osts a out s. -. A o di g to o e of the p i i g usi esses spoke to, o e eeds to spe d a out s.. lakhs e e ea o p o u i g e lo ks. He has to pu hase a out e lo ks e e ea. Blo ks a e o side ed sa ed the p i i g o u iies. The old lo ks a e the efo e e e th o a a o u ed o sold. The a o l e disposed of i the i e. 50 Nandana Handblock Printing, Ummedpura & Tarapur, Madhya Pradesh

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Othe Tools of the T ade Follo i g tools a e used fo a da a p i i g: Woode lo ks fo p i i g oifs La ge oppe essels lo all alled tambdi fo soaki g fa i s a d d ei g. These essels a hold a out - lit es of ate. Plasi d u s lo all alled kata P i i g ta le lo all alled pai a it is a loo le el p i i g ta le easu i g a out t i le gth a d. t i eadth. The p i te eeds to sit o the loo hile p i i g. T a fo holdi g the d es/ olou s it is lo all alled hanj o paali a Ba oo s ee lo all alled taai o jaali po ge ade of ool to soak e t a d e f o the lo k he dipped i the d e t a Jute o taat folded i se e al la e s pla ed as paddi g o the p i i g ta le Bhai/i epla e used du i g t eat e t a d d ei g of the fa i Chalk to outli e the o de s t aight pi s to i the jute/ taat paddi g Nails to faste the jute/ taat paddi g o the ta le Big la matka like o tai e lo all alled marandi I digo ats lo all alled maadh t deep a d. - t oad All tools a e p o u ed f o eithe Ja ad o Nee u h. A uall, a e pe ditu e of a out s., -., is i u ed the p i i g u it o tool ai te a e o epla e e t. The o e s spoke to did ot k o of a go e e t s he es to pu hase tools a d ats. Nandana Handblock Printing, Ummedpura & Tarapur, Madhya Pradesh 55

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Raw Materials Required Va ious ki ds of a ate ials a e e ui ed fo a da a p i i g a d eed to e p o u ed f o dife e t pa ts of the ou t. The a iet of the ate ials used leadi g to high p o u e e t ost is ide iied the p i te s as a g o i g halle ge. Base fa i The ase fa i used i a da a p i ts has ee oto si e histo i al i es. The o l ha ge that has take pla e i the ase ate ial is the oto ou t. Ea lie lo e ou ts /, /, / e e used. I e e t i es highe ou ts of oto like / a e also ei g used. The i e oto of highe ou t is ei g used i a da a fo u a a kets like et os. The g eige/u t eated oto fa i fa i is p o u ed f o southe I dia, Bu ha pu i Madh a P adesh, a d Kisha ga h i ajastha. The u e t p i e of g eige oto fa i is a out s. / ete fo / a d s. / ete fo /. The i i u o de ua it is ete s. P o u e e t is do e th ough deale s. A edit pe iod of a out da s is g a ted the supplie s. While just the g eige oto fa i osts s. / ete pushi g up the ost of the i al p odu t, the t i al populaio o has a ess to heape su situtes fo dail ea like pol este o e po t eje ts easil a aila le i lo al a kets fo a out s. / ete. All the p i te s i the a ea ite the i easi g ost of oto as o e of the ke easo s fo the de li e i the 62 Nandana Handblock Printing, Ummedpura & Tarapur, Madhya Pradesh

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popula it of a d a a o g the ulk of its o su e s i.e. the t i al populaio fo ho a d a has e o e u afo da le. I easi g ost of othe ate ials like i digo at d es a aila le at s. /Kg also adds to the ost of the fa i. Dyes i e histo i i es, olou s ha e ee pa t of the desig o a ula of a d a p i ts la k ase fa i ; ed de i ed f o aliza i ; ello de i ed f o anar ke chilke o po eg a ate ski ; a d i digo lue. To ate to the u a a kets, the ase fa i is o also d ed i g ee, lue, a d a oo olou s. Vegetable dyes The ello a d la k olo s a e a hie ed th ough the egeta le d e p o ess oili g anar ke chilke o po eg a ate ski. These a e p o u ed f o Udha pu i Uta a hal, ola i Hi a hal P adesh, a d appa e tl also f o i La ka. The ost a out s. - /Kg. ed olo is a hie ed aliza i, a d e that is de i ed f o the oots of the aal o adde t ee. Vat dyes I digo lue is p epa ed usi g the at d ei g p o ess. Naphthol dyes The luste is also appa e tl usi g aphthol d es as it is a heape su situte to i digo at d es, the late osi g a out s. /Kg. Nandana Handblock Printing, Ummedpura & Tarapur, Madhya Pradesh 65

A o plete list of ate ials used i a da a p i i g is illust ated i the ta le elo : Raw material Pla e of p o u e e t App o i ate p i e (as of July 2011) Base fa i oto outh I dia, Bu ha pu i M.P. a d Kisha ga h i ajastha s. / ete fo / s. / ete fo / Ge u ii a ki d of la Kat i, M.P. s. - /Kg Alu lo all alled itka i I do e, M.P. s. /Kg No - ei ed asto oil lo all alled a a di ka tel idhpu, Guja at s. - /Kg Aliza i de i ed f o aal t ee Udaipu, ajastha a d Ba oda, Guja at s. /Kg Dha ai phool a lo e Kat i, M.P. s. /Kg Be ozao oza Hoshia pu, Pu ja s. - /Kg G ou d ut oil Ja ad, M.P. s. /Kg a ho a a sea salt Kat i, M.P. s. /Kg though soda ash is o used as a su situte that is ought f o I do e i M.P. Li e lo all alled hu a Kat i, M.P. s. /Kg I digo at d e Naphthol Mu ai, Maha asht a s. /Kg Mi i u t (if applicable) ete s d es, the heape su situte to at d es a e also e o i g popula 66 Nandana Handblock Printing, Ummedpura & Tarapur, Madhya Pradesh

Po eg a ate ski lo all alled A a ke hilke Gu lo all alled go d Wood t igs a d a hes of t ees Udha pu, Uta a hal, ola f o Hi a hal P adesh, ila ka Colle ted f o the t eeslike a ul adi asis/ t i als ho sell it to supplie s Colle ted f o the ju gle the t i als s. - /Kg s. - /Kg depe di g o ualit s. - /Kg Nandana Handblock Printing, Ummedpura & Tarapur, Madhya Pradesh 67

Water Source Histo i all the ate e ui ed fo d ei g pu pose as ot a issue i the a ea as it is lo ated o the a ks of the Ga hi i i e. Ho e e, o e the ea s the i e has a o ed do due to la ge a ou t of sa d used fo o st u io pu pose i the a ea. E e i the u e t o soo seaso, the i e as i tuall d. The p i i g u its ha e ade a a ge e ts fo ate diggi g up t o ells i the illage. o ei es du i g su e s, ate ta ke s also eed to e a ailed of he ate sho tage is a ute. The Ta apu oi e of Madh a P adesh Hastshilp a d Hathka ga Vikas Niga has e e tl got a othe ell dug out i the a ea to ta kle the issue of ade uate ate suppl to the p i te s. Ho e e, the p o le of ate sho tage sill e ai s fo the eside ts. The p i i g u its i the a ea a e ostl ell spa ed-out a d e ilated. The d ei g a eas a e lo ated i the ope a d o fo ta le fo o ki g. Wo ke s ea glo es hile d ei g fa i s i s thei d es. Ho e e, p i te s did ot see a a e of the issue of safe disposal of elue ts ge e ated i the he i al d ei g p o ess. Whe p o ed o the issue the felt that the olu e of p odu io is ot la ge e ough a d the efo e disposal of elue ts is ot a issue u e tl. 68 Nandana Handblock Printing, Ummedpura & Tarapur, Madhya Pradesh

Process and Technique Na da a p i i g is a e hausi e p o ess i ol i g a total of a out steps i p odu io. Belo is the step- -step p o ess of this a esist-d e p i i g te h i ue. The i i u ia le ua it that eeds to e p i ted at a i e is ete s. O e lot of ete s takes a out da s to o plete. o e p i t itka i/alu o lot of ete s i a da. people e gaged i appl i g gu esist take da s to o plete a si gle lot. A p i te e ui es skill, p e isio, a d i e se te h i al k o ledge that o e a ui es ate ea s of e pe ie e. The p o ess is le gth a d la o ious. With i easi g a ate ial osts a da a has e o e u o peii e fo the ulk of its u e t lo al a ket he e heape su situtes a e easil a aila le. The ages of o ke s do ot o pe sate fo the a ou t of la o i ol ed. E e i u a a kets like et os, the p i i g appa e tl is ot o peii e. Ho e e, if posiio ed ell i the a ket, the e is a lot of pote ial fo p odu t de elop e t a d e a kei g ha els fo a da a p i ts. Step 1 The g eige o u t eated oto fa i is dipped i ate o e ight. Step 2 Ne t da the fa i is dipped i soda ash/sodiu i a o ate a d u ei ed asto oil or arandi ka tel. Ea lie i stead of soda, a sea salt lo all alled sanchora as used. This p o ess p epa es the fa i fo Nandana Handblock Printing, Ummedpura & Tarapur, Madhya Pradesh 69

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a so i g the d es sote i g it th ough de-sta hi g a d e o i g all di t f o it. Step 3 The fa i is o ashed i ate a d d ied. Step 4 A outli e o o de is laid out o the fa i ith geru, o a gish la. This p o ess is alled turai. Step 5 A paste of gu a d itka i/alu is o p i ted o the loth.the loth he e applied ith this paste ill tu ed he dipped i aliza i. Step 6 Ate d i g, the fa i is ashed i ate a d agai d ied. This is lo all alled bichlai. Step 7 The loth is o d ed dippi g it i a essel o tai i g aliza i pla ed o e the sto e o hai. The dhawai lo e s a e also i ed i the essel. Po io s of the oif ill tu ed due to alu. The fa i is the take out a d d ied. Step 8 The fa i is o sta hed usi g the gu paste a d d ied. Nandana Handblock Printing, Ummedpura & Tarapur, Madhya Pradesh 71

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Step 9 Ate d i g, a hot paste of beroza/rozan a d g ou d ut oil is applied usi g a lo k. This a ts as a esist he the fa i is d ed i i digo. Step 10 The fa i is o folded a d d ed i fe e ted old i digo ats. It is dipped i i digo i es, ea h i e ei g dipped a d the d ied. Step 11 The gu esist is o ashed of i a ate. Po io s of the fa i he e the paste as applied e ai u afe ted hile the est of the fa i tu s lue. Step 12 The loth is o dipped i soda/sodiu i a o ate fo - hou s to de-sta h it o pletel a d gi e it lust e. Step 13 The fa i is o ashed i lea ate a d d ied. Step 14 A paste of gu a d li e a e o p i ted o the fa i to a t as esist. D ud is th o o top of it a d the loth is let to d. 74 Nandana Handblock Printing, Ummedpura & Tarapur, Madhya Pradesh

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Step 15 A egeta le d e is p epa ed oili g po eg a ate ski. The d ied fa i is dipped i it t i e a d d ied. The ase fa i ill tu la k at this stage hile u - esisted po io s of the oif ill tu ello su h as the ste of the amba/ a go oif. Step 16 The loth is o ashed i ate i ed ith alu. Alu ei g a o da t allo s the d e to pe et ate the fa i p ope l a d the olou e o es pakka. The fa i is the ashed i lea ate. Step 17 The soaked fa i is stea ed i ate i ed ith soda ash. The fa i gets lea ed tho oughl of all the di t a d atai s lust e. This p o ess is lo all alled haji lagana. Step 18 The fa i is ashed i lea ate agai a d sp ead to d. The a da a p i ted fa i is o ead. 76 Nandana Handblock Printing, Ummedpura & Tarapur, Madhya Pradesh

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P odu io A o di g to the p i i g u its, a out ea s a k the dail olu e of a da a p odu io i the luste as ghatans ghatan is e ual to ete s i.e., ete s. The e e e - u its ope ai g the, ea h u it p odu i g a out ghatans pe a u. The a ual p odu io olu e of the luste the as at least a out lakh ete s. A o di g to the p i i g usi esses i the luste, a da a desig s e e opied o s ee i. This as a tu i g poi t as the at had to fa e sif o peiio f o s ee p i i g i hi h huge olu es ould e p odu ed at a u h lo e ost. ee p i ted a da a did ot ha e lot hes that a e see i ha d p i ted a da a, a d had ighte olo to es that appealed to people. Ho e e, the aze fo s ee p i ts lasted fo o l a out ea s. A o di g to Dash athji ho la gel akes a da a p i ts e e though the popula it of s ee p i ts de li ed ate a ouple of ea s the ighte to es i t odu ed s ee p i i g did ot lea e thei appeal ith the asses. The heape fa i s like pol este o the e po t eje t sto k that ha e sh u k the a ket fo a da a ate to the sa e appeal fo ighte shades i the lo al a kets toda. Du i g da s of sharad, the use of hai/o e is est i ted. O l the p i i g o k a take pla e du i g this i e. The e a e da s i the ea he a solutel o p i i g o k is do e Basant Panchami a d Sitla Saptmi. The late is a da fesi al he Bhag ai o Lakshmi Mata goddess is o shipped o e. O the th da old food p epa ed a da ea lie su h as i e a d u d a e eate. The da s sta i g f o Ganesh 78 Nandana Handblock Printing, Ummedpura & Tarapur, Madhya Pradesh

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Chaturthi to Anant Chaudas is a othe fesi e pe iod he p odu io a i it is lea. Ea h p i i g u it has its o o kpla e alled karkhana. The karkhana is usuall i the sa e uildi g o o ple as the p i te s eside e. i e the a da a p i i g o k is do e o s all lo ta les alled pai a that a e set up a he e, the ka kha a o e also dist i utes p i i g o k that a e do e out of o ke s ho es. Po e ut is a ajo issue i the luste. Ele t i it is a aila le fo o l a out hou s i a da. The M.P. Hastshilp a d Hathka ga Vikas Niga has p o ided sola po e a k-up s ste s to u its i the luste that a e its supplie s. The total ost of the p oje t is a ou d s. lakhs paid the Niga. The u its pa s. as o thl ai te a e ha ge to the Niga fo the s ste s. Ea h s ste has a apa it of kilo at a d p o ides po e a k-up fo - hou s. The eside ial u its i the luste ho e e ha e to deal ith se e e po e p o le o a dail asis. The ai selli g seaso fo a da a is f o De e e to Ap il. Cu e tl the a ual p odu io olu e of a d a of a p i i g u it is a out ete s. A p i i g u it that is la gel aki g a d a has a a ual olu e of a out, ete s. Fo a d a p i ts, the p odu io apa it of a ka kha a is a out ete s/ o th i i e ualit a d ete s/ o th i a e age ualit. The a ual sale of the Ta apu Niga oi e i - as s. lakhs p oit a gi ei g %. The oi e is hopi g to ea h a sales igu e of s. lakhs i -. Of the total sales of s. lakhs last ea, a d a p i ts o t i uted o l s.,. Nandana Handblock Printing, Ummedpura & Tarapur, Madhya Pradesh 81

Ma kei g Histo i all a d ill date, Na da a is p i a il ei g sold i the lo al a kets i the t i al elt of Madh a P adesh i.e. i Jha ua, a d i Pa ha ahal i Guja at that has t i al i ha ita ts. The lo al holesale usi ess fo s the ulk ith a out % of the sales taki g pla e th ough this ha el. Di e t sales a e ai l th ough e hi iio s. P odu ts a e sold to shopkeepe s o othe deale s i the lo al a ket ho i tu etail the to the e d o su e s th ough shops o lo al haats. The p oit a gi o holesale usi ess is i the a ge of - %. The e a e sta le elaio ships ith the u i g age ts. The s ste is i fo al a d o ite o t a ts a e sig ed du i g pla e e t of o de s. The e is a utual u de sta di g i te s of eei g o de e pe taio s. Pa e ts a e e ei ed f o u e s i a o th s i e. I ase of u a a kets that is e li ited u e tl, the o de s a e usuall pi ked up a d egoiated du i g the i e of e hi iio s. The p i a ode of o u i aio fo o de p o essi g is th ough o ile pho es. I te et a d e ails a e ot used fo o espo de e. O e of the p i te s has had a Japa ese u e sou i g a da a o siste tl. He has ee e saisied ith this usi ess elaio ship. The u e has ee sou i g the t adiio al a d a do e o la k ase ith t adiio al oifs. The p i te s e pe ie e ith the e te al a kets has ee saisfa to a d the feel the e is pote ial fo a da a p i ts i these a kets. As stated i the se io o desig a d p odu t a ge, 82 Nandana Handblock Printing, Ummedpura & Tarapur, Madhya Pradesh

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u e tl p odu ts i a da a a e p i a il est i ted to u i g ate ial a d the fa i pie es o as ghaagra the t i als. Ve litle is see i te s of p odu t de elop e t. Othe issues elated to a kei g that ha e ee ide iied a e the follo i g: While the e has ee a lot of st ess o a kei g p o oio go e e t depa t e ts, the a da a p i te s u a i ousl feel that the eed ade uate a kei g suppo t to p o ote this at th ough e e a kei g ha els. The ha e e ei ed a posii e espo se i u a a d e po t a kets a d feel that the e is a lot of u tapped pote ial. teep p i i g is ote ited as a easo fo la k of its popula it e e i u a a kets. A o di g to M. Bhat of M.P. H&H Vikas Niga, ate pts ha e ee ade i the past to sell a da a p i ts th ough M ig a a ee, its hai of etail outlets. But the espo se has ot ee posii e due to the p i i g fa to. The a da a u i g ate ial is selli g at a out s. / ete at thei sales outlet hile da u is p i ed at a out s. / ete. The a da a at has ot ee posiio ed ell i the a ket a o di g to ost p i te s. The feel that fo used ate io to help eate a a e ess of this at a o g the usto e s a d disi t p o oio a d a di g a i iies fo la guishi g ats like a da a th ough go e e t a kei g plafo s has ee la ki g. I ge e al, the e is a lot of dissaisfa io a o g the atspeople ega di g e hi iio s o ga ized go e e t at p o oio o ga izaio s like DC H. ele io of atpe so s fo the e hi iio is o side ed Nandana Handblock Printing, Ummedpura & Tarapur, Madhya Pradesh 85

e t e el o -t a spa e t a d ot al a s ased o e it. The a isa s o plai that i a p i e e ue like dilli haat pe a e t etail outlets ha e ee set up t ade s ost of ho a e ased i Delhi. It is also felt that i easi gl NGOs o so ial olle i es a e ei g ep ese ted i ats fai s o othe spo so ed a kei g plafo s. C ats e u i g p i ate usi esses a e ei g let out. 86 Nandana Handblock Printing, Ummedpura & Tarapur, Madhya Pradesh

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Government Support I situio s The ea est go e e t at p o oio o ga izaio i the luste is that of Madh a P adesh Hastshilp E a Hathka ga Vikas Niga Ltd. M.P. Ha dloo s a d Ha di ats De elop e t Co po aio Ltd. lo ated i Ta apu. Its egio al head oi e is lo ated i Bhopal. A o di g to M. Bhat, the o je i es of the o ga izaio a e: To e su e that ats do ot la guish o disappea ; to e a le to p o ide egula e plo e t to atspeople; to e su e that ats ea h the aam aadmi, the asses; a d to e a le to p o ide a kei g suppo t to the ats. o e of the i iiai es take the Niga a e: Te ile luste a ou d Ta apu The oi e a ts as the ate ial depot p o idi g g eige fa i like kosa, ul e silk, ahesh a i, a d ha de i to p i te s suppl i g the i ished sto k. It sou es p odu ts f o the luste fo its hai of etail outlets lo ated a oss I dia. O de p o essi g i ludi g ualit he k, pa kagi g, a d dispat hi g is do e this oi e. The oi e has oad a d i te et o e io a d is o e ted toits Bhopal oi e th ough a e t alized sot a e s ste fo egula updates o sales a d sto k. E hi iio s A ea l ale da is d a out fo e hi iio s. C atspeople a e sele ted fo these. It p o ides a a e ue to the to sho ase a d sell 88 Nandana Handblock Printing, Ummedpura & Tarapur, Madhya Pradesh

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thei p odu ts. T ai i gs O asio all t ai i gs a e p o ided to ou g gi ls a d o s to help the lea p i i g skills. The a the o k at the o o fa ilit e t e at the oi e p e ises that has so e p i i g ta les set up o e of the p i i g u its lo ated i the luste. The Niga has i iiated health i su a e fo a isa s i the luste. It has set up a sola po e a k-up s ste i stalled at p i i g u its i the luste. The p odu ts ei g sold the o ga izaio a e p i a il i i digo a d da u. The p odu t a ge i ludes suit pie es a d sa is i ahesh a i, ha de i, kosa, ul e, epe, hifo, a d oto ; stoles a d s a es; dupatas; ho e fu ishi gs like ed sheets, ushio o e s, ta le o e s, a d u tai s. A o di g to the Niga oi e he e, the e is e litle de a d fo a da a though ate pts ha e ee ade i the past to help p o ote it. a ples of a da a ha e ee se t i the past fo sele io ut o de s did ot o e th ough. Though o e of the o je i es of the Niga is to suppo t p ese i g d i g out ats desig up g adaio. pha di ats. o the e see s to e a o plete la k ofdesig i te e io i a d a that is i a state of stag aio u e tl. The e site of the Niga has o e io of Na d a. 90 Nandana Handblock Printing, Ummedpura & Tarapur, Madhya Pradesh

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E pe ie e of atspeople ith go e e t i situio s: Most of the people spoke to e e ot saisied ith the a the go e e t at suppo t o ga izaio s ope ate. The e see to e a lot of gaps i te s of hat is e isaged a d ealit o the g ou d. uesio ed the a isa s. Fo i sta e, hile the e ha e ee i iiai es to p o ide edi al i su a e to the a isa s i the luste, it has ee dii ult to a ail of the e eits f o su h s he es. While o e of the o ke s i u ed a e pe se of fe thousa ds follo i g a a ide t a d a f a tu e, it has ee ea s si e a ei u se e t is a aited. While all e ui ed do u e ts see to ha e ee su ited, the lai is sill a aited. The e is a lot of st ess o at e hi iio s go e e t odies like DC H a d othe state le el o ga izaio s. Ho e e, ost of the atspeople feel that the sele io p o ess fo these e hi iio s is ot saisfa to. While o e is e pe ted to sta t appl i g fo the e hi iio s o ths i ad a e, i a i sta es the sele io p o ess is ot igo ous a d t a spa e t at all. No -t a spa e a d o upt p a i es see to ha e e o e the o i su h p o edu es. While Dilli Haat is p o oted the autho iies as a i po ta t a kei g plafo he e a isa s a e gage i di e tl selli g thei ats to the o su e s as ell as p o u e holesale o de s, ost a isa s feel that the eal situaio is uite the o t a. A u e of t ade s ha e set up al ost pe a e t sales outlets at Dilli Haat. Also, po e ful e t ep e eu s ha i g li ks ith autho iies a e a le to p o u e stalls f e ue tl a d at st ategi lo aio s. A o di g to the usi esses spoke to, so e of the go e e t depa t e ts a e ased i I do e. The e has ee a lot of fo us o e tai ats like Bagh p i ts i Dha dist i t hile a othe ats a e fa i g egle t. The deli e of the go e e t s he es is also 92 Nandana Handblock Printing, Ummedpura & Tarapur, Madhya Pradesh

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94 Nandana Handblock Printing, Ummedpura & Tarapur, Madhya Pradesh

Key Issues and Recommendaio s The a ket fo a da a at as dis ussed a o e has sh u k sig ii a tl o e the last ouple of de ades. The at toda is i a state of g adual de li e. F o the ield isit, a d dis ussio s ith the p i i g o u it at the luste, a d ith lo al at suppo t go e e t o ga izaio s like M.P. H&HVN, at p o oio NGOs, a d etail outlets i Delhi, follo i g ke issues that the a d a at is fa i g toda a d e o e daio s to help e i e it ha e e e ged: Issues De li e of sales i the lo al a ket o e the ea s - The t i al o u it of Bhils ho a e the ai o su e s of a da a p i ts ha e g aduall shited to othe fo s of lothi g. While ea lie a da a as o the t i als as a dail ea as ell as i ituals, toda its use as lothi g is est i ted to ituals.the so ial ha ges as ell as the i easi g p i e of a ate ials espe iall that of oto has ade a d a u afo da le fo the lo al a ket that o t i utes to the ulk of its sales u e tl. I, the ost of the g eige oto fa i as s. / ete hile i it e a e s. / ete. Cu e tl it is a out s. / ete. The ost of the i al p odu t i.e. the ghaag a o Bhil o e is a out pe ete. The ha e the efo e shited to ea i g s thei fa i s o e po t eje ts easil a aila le i lo al a kets fo a out s. / ete. Nandana Handblock Printing, Ummedpura & Tarapur, Madhya Pradesh 95

La k of e desig di e io s to a ess u a a kets Cu e tl the p odu t a ge is e t e el li ited. Ya dage is the o l p odu t ei g ade fo lo al a ket o su pio. O asio all ed o e s a e also ade fo e hi iio s i u a a kets. The olou palate is also e est i ted u e tl ith la k ei g used p i a il as the ase fa i. The e is pote ial fo p odu t a d desig di e sii aio to e a le to a ess e e a kets. Ma kei g plafo s go e e t at suppo t o ga izaio s Cu e tl a kei g plafo s su h as go e e t e hi iio s o etail outlets a e ot ade uatel espo di g to p o ide a e lease of life to la guishi g ats su h as a d a. While the o je i e of su h o ga izaio s i ludes e i al of d i g ats th ough desig i te e io s, the e is a la k of efo ts to de elop e desig s a d p odu ts a d i g the to the a ket th ough thei e te si e etail et o k. Go e e t s he es The ope aio al p o ess of go e e t s he es is looked at ith a lot of dist ust the e ei ia ies of these s he es. Gaps i i fo aio su h as la k of a a e ess the a isa s a out the a isa a ds, a d o - t a spa e i p o edu es i ol ed i a essi g e eits su h as s he es fo pa i ipaio i e hi iio s a d fai s a e so e of the ii al issues ith ega d to go e e t s he es that ha e o e up i all the dis ussio s. I f ast u tu e Ele t i it a d ate situaio is e halle gi g i the Ta apu a d U edpu a luste that is ho e to a d a p i i g. Efo ts ha e ee ade to i p o e the po e p o le th ough the sola po e a k-up s ste s set up fo ouple of the p i i g u its he e. Ho e e, the ate a d ele t i it situaio e ai s p o le ai fo the o u it at la ge he e. Wages Co pa ed to ages i ag i ultu e a out s. /da a d i fa to ies like Vik a Ce e t Fa to a out s. /da, the ages fo o ke s i the p i i g se to a e too lo a out s. /da to o pe sate fo the la o ious o k i ol ed. The ou ge ge e aio is the efo e ot i spi ed to o i ue ith the p i i g o k. A lot of people i this luste ha e eithe set up loth shops i ea Ja ad to o o k i a fa to o ha e ig ated to ea to s. 96 Nandana Handblock Printing, Ummedpura & Tarapur, Madhya Pradesh

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Re o e daio s: Na da a is a u i ue p o ess, e e efo t ust e ade to eate e og iio fo it a d sho ase it as a u i ue method. Na da a st le p i i g a e used fo ho e fu ishi g a d othe p i i g that e ui es a o e hea dut p o ess. The u i ue ess of this t adiio lies i the fa t that the process can be used in those cases where a hea eight of fa i is used a d he e the si ple Dabu methods do not work. Cu e t desig i te e io s that a e o du ted as pa t of go e e t s he es eed to e eassessed so that the ould eet thei o je i e of i easi g sale of the at o gi e it a e lease of life. u h i te e io s eed to e ied i to the a kei g st ateg so that the e p odu t a ge a e sho ased a d sold to the usto e s.the p i e poi ts a d usto e ase ei g ta geted should e o u i ated to the desig e o du i g the o kshop so that the e p odu t a ge a ta get the spe iied a ket seg e t. Pa t e ships eed to e de eloped ith ellk o at suppo t o ga izaio s a d p i ate etail sto es that ha e sig ii a t e pe ie e i su essful desig i te e io s a d a kei g a d a di g of ats. Wo ki g ith a di e se set of pa t e s helps i g i e ideas a d possi iliies. I o aio a d eposiio i g is ii al fo a essi g e a kets a d eai g possi iliies fo ats like a d a to sustai a d g o. 98 Nandana Handblock Printing, Ummedpura & Tarapur, Madhya Pradesh

The go e e t at suppo t depa t e ts eed to o e a i el suppo t the p o oio of su h at fo s that ha e pote ial ut a e i a state of stag aio. The ide et o k of go e e t etail outlets eed to e ade a i e pa t e s i sho asi g su h ats to the usto e s a d i selli g e p odu ts de eloped th ough desig i te e io s. he es that spe ii all ta get ats that a e stag ai g eed to e p oposed a d i ple e ted. The e is a eed to p o ote fo u s he e atspeople a d at e t ep e eu s p a i i g si ila te h i ues a e ha ge lea i g, e pe ie es, a d halle ges ith ea h othe. u h fo u s a also possi l help eate a e a li g e i o e t fo the a isa o u iies to di e tl p o ide feed a k o go e e t i te e io s, a d egoiate fo o e ta geted i te e io s a d ete i ple e taio of go e e t s he es. Poo ages is a othe ajo issue that is leadi g to e e s of ats o u iies o i g to othe fo s of e plo e t. It is ii al that ats e t ep e eu s a d usi esses p o idi g ade uate ages, e eits, a d good o ki g o diio s to thei o ke s a e p o oted a d e ou aged at a kei g plafo s. C ats usi esses o e t ep e eu s e plo i g o ke s should ualif fo so e i i u o ki g sta da ds to e a le to a ess e eits of ats p o oio s he es. Go e e t depa t e ts eed to pa t e ith fai t ade o ga izaio s to e a le at usi esses to put i pla e sta da ds fo ages a d o ki g o diio s. Ma kei g p o oio s like fai s, e hi iio s, etail outlets, et eed to ake o su e s a a e of the i po ta e of fai ages a d good o ki g o diio s fo the sustai a ilit of at t adiio s a d de a d su h sta da ds. The i ple e taio a d i pa t of s he es fo at p o oio go e e t depa t e ts eed to e o ito ed a d assessed igo ousl so that the a e a le to eet thei o je i es a d p o ide the i te ded e eits to the a isa s a d thei o u iies. Efo ts eed to e ade to i p o e the ii al a d asi i f ast u tu e situaio i the a ea ith ega d to ate, ele t i it, a d edi al a e. Nandana Handblock Printing, Ummedpura & Tarapur, Madhya Pradesh 99

Annexure Cluste isited fo ield isit: U edpu a a d Ta apu Madh a P adesh P i i g u its isited:... Vi a Ha d P i t Add ess: Village - U edpu a, Post Ta apu, Dist i t Ne u h M.P. Ph: - / Co ta t pe so : M.P adeep Jha ia Geeta Ha d P i te s Add ess: Village - U edpu a, Post Ta apu, Dist i t Ne u h M.P. Ph: - / / Co ta t pe so : M.Pu ushota Jha ia Dash ath aghu ath Cloth Me ha t Add ess: Village - U edpu a, Post Ta apu, Dist i t Ne u h M.P. Ph: - / Co ta t pe so : M.Dash ath aghu ath Na a Lo al go e e t depa t e ts isited: Madh a P adesh HastashilpE a Hathka ghavikas Niga Ltd. Add ess: Ta apu, Ja ad Dist i t, Nee u h M.P. Co ta t pe so : M. u esh Bhat Assista t Ma age - De elop e t a d P o u e e t Ce t e Ph: - / Retail sto es isited fo feed a k:. M ig a a ee Add ess: Ba a Kha ak i gh Ma g Ne Delhi. Ka ala C ats Cou il of I dia Add ess: aji Ga dhi Ha di ats Bha a, Ba a Kha ak i gh Ma g Ne Delhi 100 Nandana Handblock Printing, Ummedpura & Tarapur, Madhya Pradesh