Long-term ozone observation in Indonesia. Ninong Komala Indonesian National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN)

Transcription

1 Long-term ozone observation in Indonesia Ninong Komala Indonesian National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN)

2 National Institute of Aeronautics and Space ORGANIZATION Other Ministries President of the Republic of Indonesia Minister of Research and Technology Chairman of National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN)... internal organization of LAPAN National Aeronautics and Space Council of the Republic of Indonesia (DEPANRI) Organization of DEPANRI Chairman: President of Republic of Indonesia Vice-Chairman: Minister of Research and Technology Secretary: Chairman of LAPAN Members: Minister of Foreign Affairs Minister of Defense Minister of Industry and Trade Minister of National Education Minister of Culture and Tourism Minister of Communication Minister of National Development Planning Chief of Staff of Indonesian Air Force Policy and program coordination; Technical coordination; Organizational hierarchy.

3 LAPAN S INTERNAL ORGANIZATION Chairman of National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN) Inspector Primary Secretary Planning and Organization Bureau Cooperation & Public Relation Bureau General Affairs Bureau Deputy Chairman of Remote Sensing Remote Sensing Data Center Remote Sensing Application & Technology Center Deputy Chairman of Aerospace Technology Aerospace Vehicle Technology Center Aerospace Electronics Technology Center Applied Aerospace Technology Center Deputy Chairman of Aerospace Science, Assessment & Information Space Science Application Center Atmosphere & Climate Science Application Center Aerospace Policy Assessment and Information Center

4 LAPAN S INTERNAL ORGANIZATION and I am here... Chairman of research facilities are National Institute of Aeronautics and here... Space (LAPAN) Inspector Primary Secretary Planning and Organization Bureau Cooperation & Public Relation Bureau General Affairs Bureau Deputy Chairman of Remote Sensing Remote Sensing Data Center Remote Sensing Application & Technology Center Deputy Chairman of Aerospace Technology Aerospace Vehicle Technology Center Aerospace Electronics Technology Center Applied Aerospace Technology Center Deputy Chairman of Aerospace Science, Assessment & Information Space Science Application Center Atmosphere & Climate Science Application Center Aerospace Policy Assessment and Information Center

5 THE MAIN ACTIVITIES OF ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE AND CLIMATE APPLICATION CENTER LAPAN TO DEVELOP THE CLIMATE MODEL FOR INDONESIAN REGION RESEARCH ON ATMOSPHERIC PHENOMENON INCLUDING DYNAMICS AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS STUDY OF OZONE MODEL FOR INDONESIA, AIR POLLUTION DISPERTION, ACID RAIN AND GREEN HOUSE GASES STUDY OF TROPOSPHERE AND STRATOSPHERE OF AEROSOL AND CIRRUS CLOUD BY USING LIDAR APPLICATION OF CLIMATE INFORMATION TO SECTORS BASED ON CLIMATE MODEL

6 Scientific Consideration Atmospheric structure of Indonesia is expected very complicated because of it's dynamical effect. Strong convection significantly influences the composition of the atmosphere. This phenomenon is mainly driven by solar insolation. Minor constituents that affect the atmospheric dynamics and thermal distributions are found in abundance. Particularly Indonesian Maritime Continent is the region where trace gas distributions in the troposphere is strongly influenced by deep convection, frequent lightning and biomass burning. Quantitative studies of these processes have been very limited so far in this region because of the lack of simultaneous measurements of key species. There are inadequate data to determine whether consistent global changes in climate variability or weather extremes have occurred over 20th century.

7 Research and assessment of ozone, greenhouse gases, air pollution and air pollution dispersion in Indonesia. Increases of the greenhouse gases and other trace gases affect the physical aspects of the climate system and also change the chemical composition, radiation, and dynamics in the atmosphere and even the biotic system by modulations of the solar UV-B radiation. Air pollution near the surface has its direct impact to the human life, especially to their health. On the other hand, the rising of the pollutant gases in the atmosphere acts as greenhouse gas that will increase the earth temperature. LAPAN monitors pollutant gases in big cities within or without collaboration with the other institute. The aim is mainly for supporting Blue Sky Program of the local government. Pollutant gases measured are greenhouse gases such are CO 2, CH 4, O 3, NOx and aerosol (N 2 O, CFC in the future).

8 ... the mechanisms which cause these atmospheric changes are considered to have a hierarchical structure or multiple structure, which requires to observe the atmosphere with different horizontal scales... PONTIANAK MANADO BIAK KOTOTABANG WATUKOSEK BANDUNG KUPANG LAPAN S S RESEARCH FACILITIES IN INDONESIA

9 YEAR MILESTONE OF THE ACTIVITIES Biak Pontianak SURFACE OZONE VERTICAL PROFILE BIBLE SHADOZ SOWER..... SOWER Bandung Bandung Watukosek Watukosek Watukosek Watukosek Tokyo University Tokyo University NASDA NASDA Watukosek Watukosek Tokyo Tokyo University University NASDA NASDA NASA NASA Watukosek Watukosek Biak Biak Koto Koto Tabang Tabang RISH, RISH, NOAA, NOAA, NASA NASA TOMS TOMS & TTO TTO validation validation Ozone Ozone Aerosol Aerosol Lower Lower Stratospheric Stratospheric water water vapor vapor

10 Surface Ozone Measurement Watukosek (7.5 o S, o E), 50 m (1986~) Bandung (6.9 o S, o E), 740 m (1986~) Biak (1 o S,136 o E), 50 m (2003~) Pontianak ( N, E) (2005~)

11 Compilation of the surface ozone concentration at Watukosek in 2005 Suburban area ~mid 1990s Recently became urban condition Diurnal variation pattern + stdev of Watukosek surface ozone ( ) Diurnal variation pattern of Watukosek surface ozone 2005 (Feb-Oct). Monthly average pattern show higher

12 Compilation of the surface ozone concentration at Bandung 2005 Diurnal pattern of surface ozone (data ) Urban condition; polluted Daily Maximum Ozone maximum (ppbv) Bandung Year

13 Compilation of the surface ozone concentration at Biak in Diurnal pattern of surface ozone Biak Oceanic condition Few source of pollution Humidity is high (~80%) throughout the year Ozone is generally low Diurnal pattern of surface ozone Biak 2005

14 Sample of the surface ozone concentration at Pontianak ( N, E ) Equatorial region Observation office hour only due to electricity problem Sometimes affected by forest fires (not yet)

15 VERTICAL PROFILE OF OZONE CONCENTRATION IN INDONESIA Special Note : In equatorial region, data compilation from Watukosek is the longest period after Natal (Brazil).

16 Typical profiles of ozone concentration observed at Watukosek ( Komala, N. et al, 1996) Seasonal variation of tropospheric ozone concentration observed in Watukosek. In wet season, the tropospheric ozone concentration exhibits constant mixing ratio. However, in the wet season, enhancement in the upper troposphere was found ocasionally. While in the transition from the dry season to the wet season, enhancement in the lower troposphere usually could be detected easily.

17 Data compilation of vertical profiles at Watukosek ( ) Rainy season : November to March Transition : April to June Dry season : July to October

18 MOZART output for Watukosek (G. Brasseur)

19 Long term tropospheric ozone... what happened in 2002? The time series of tropospheric column ozone shows an interesting peak in late The peak value is comparable to those of the 1994 and 1997 events. Considering at the Indian Ocean Dipole Mode Index, it is suggested that a weak El Nino condition may be relevant to the peak. Dr. Saji Hameed

20 ... what happened in 2002? (cont d) Mixing ratio of ozone at Watukosek at three layers also shows peak at 2002

21 ... what happened in 2002? (cont d) Water vapor column above Indonesia in 2002 (MODIS) which is show lower compared to the 2000, 2001 and related to the tropospheric total ozone at Watukosek

22 Water vapor column above Indonesia in 2002 (MODIS) is lower compared to the 2000, 2001 and This is related to the peak of tropospheric column of ozone and ozone mixing ratio at Watukosek.

23 Ozonesonde launching also conducted occasionally in : - Bandung (6.9 o S, o E), 740 m , 2003, Biak (1 o S,136 o E), 50 m , 2004, Pontianak ( N, E) Koto Tabang (0.2 o S, o E), 890 m , 2000, 2001, 2006 payload preparation

24 Example of tropospheric ozone profile... due to the short of the span time of observation, no specific long term characteristic could be analyzed.

25 Thank You