2. Fargo, North Dakota receives more snow than Charleston, South Carolina.

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1 2015 National Tournament Division B Meteorology Section 1: Weather versus Climate Chose the answer that best answers the question 1. The sky is partly cloudy this morning in Lincoln, Nebraska. 2. Fargo, North Dakota receives more snow than Charleston, South Carolina. 3. Freezing rain overnight made travel so hazardous that schools in Portland, Maine were closed this week. 4. A tornado was reported near Hastings, NE, this month. 5. It rained every single day while we were in Cabo San Lucas, Mexico. 6. In Fargo, North Dakota, we always have snow for Christmas. 7. It was so hot in Tucson, Arizona yesterday that many types of labor had to be restricted and some businesses closed early. 8. The normal high temperature, in Lincoln, on May 16, is 74.1 degrees F 9. The forecasted high temperature on Sunday, in Lincoln, is 72 degree F 10. Lincoln, Nebraska, normally receives around 35 of snow each season. Section 2: Composition and evolution of the Earth s Atmosphere Use the diagram below to answer the following questions

2 11. List the 4 main layers of the atmosphere from space to the ground. 12. In what layer is Ozone found? 13. What is the layer called where our weather occurs? 14. What runs along the top of the lowest layer that affects weather and climate around the world? 15. This atmospheric layer has no discernible boundary. 16. Almost all of the carbon dioxide is present in this atmospheric layer. Section 3: Solar Radiation and Earth s energy balance This is planet Daisy World, where flowers control the climate. The black daisies prefer to grow in cooler conditions, white daisies prefer warmer weather. Daisy World Scenarios 17. Which color daisy has the higher albedo? 18. Which of the planets in the figures above would be the warmest? 19. If all the black daisies died in Fig 2, would the surface temperature of the planet A. go up B. go down C. stay the same 20. What would be the long-range effect on Earth s surface if the ozone layer were destroyed? A. decreased infrared radiation B. increased ultraviolet radiation C. increased acid precipitation D. decreased atmospheric temperature 21. The albedo of Earth s surface is the fraction of solar radiation that is A. absorbed B. inverted C. reflected D. scattered

3 Use this diagram to answer to next questions 22. The primary force outside the Earth s internal system that drives the planet s weather and climate systems is. 23. About A. % of the radiation entering the Earth s atmosphere is reflected back to space, and about B. % is absorbed by the atmosphere and surface of the planet. 24. In recent years, concern has grown that human activities, most particularly burning of which are increasing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to levels that haven t been seen in over 400,000 years. 25. can alter the climate naturally by emitting aerosols into the atmosphere. Section 4: Climatic Zones and their causes

4 26. According to Koppen s climatic classification, what major climatic type is most abundant in each of the following areas: a. North America b. South America c. Africa 27. How do C-type climate differ from D-type climates? 28. Why are large annual temperature ranges characteristic of D-type climates? 29. Why D climates found in the Northern Hemisphere but not in the Southern Hemisphere? 30. Why are marine climates (Ca) usually found on the west coast of continents? 31. How can arid deserts can be found adjacent to oceans. 32. Name where each type of air mass can form: cp: mp: mt: ct Section 5: Oceanic and atmospheric circulation mechanisms that affect climate

5 33. What letter shows the NE trade winds? 34. What letter shows the Westerlies? 35. What letter shows an Equatorial low? 36. What is the name of the cell north of the Hadley cell in the northern hemisphere? The three diagrams below show weather conditions in normal, El Nino, and La Nina conditions. Match each picture to the correct name. A. B. C. 37. Normal 38. El Nino 39. La Nina 40. What is it called when the cold deep waters come to the surface and bring nutrient rich water?

6 Section 6: Natural climatic variations and feedbacks The above diagram shows a POSITIVE feedback mechanism and a NEGATIVE feedback mechanism. 41. Which of the diagrams is showing a positive feedback mechanism? 42. Which of the diagrams is showing a negative feedback mechanism? C. D. The above diagrams show POSITIVE feedback mechanisms and NEGATIVE feedback mechanisms. 43. Which of the diagrams is showing a positive feedback mechanism? 44. Which of the diagrams is showing a negative feedback mechanism?

7 45. If the number of low clouds and the amount of sulfate aerosols both increase in the atmosphere and all other variables remain the same, what will happen? A. Temperatures will increase. B. Temperatures will not be affected. C. Temperatures will decrease. D. Clouds and sulfate aerosols do not impact temperatures. 46. Which of the following have opposite effects on climate change? A. increased volcanic activity and increased sulfate aerosols B. increased volcanic activity and increased low clouds C. increased low clouds and increased fossil fuel burning D. increased sulfate aerosols and decreased fossil fuel burning 47. If trends continue, which of the following will happen? A. Global mean sea level will decrease, and Arctic sea ice will increase. B. Global mean sea level will decrease, and Arctic sea ice will also decrease. C. Global mean sea level will increase, and Arctic sea ice will also increase. D. Global mean sea level will increase, and Arctic sea ice will decrease. 48. Which of the following have positive radiative forcing effects? A. increasing sulfate aerosols and increasing fossil fuel burning B. increasing sulfate aerosols and decreasing fossil fuel burning C. decreasing low clouds and decreasing fossil fuel burning D. decreasing low clouds and increasing fossil fuel burning 49. Which of the following is true? A. The greenhouse effect is a natural effect. Enhancing it is likely resulting in climate change. B. Climate change is a natural effect. Enhancing it is likely resulting in the greenhouse effect. C. The greenhouse effect and climate change are the same thing. D. The greenhouse effect and climate change are not related. 50. Which of the following will increase the planetary albedo? A. more volcanic eruptions and the formation of more low clouds B. fewer volcanic eruptions and the formation of more low clouds C. more volcanic eruptions and less formation of low clouds. D. fewer volcanic eruptions and less formation of low clouds.

8 Section 7: Anthropogenic effects on climate A. B. 51. Which of the above diagrams would best represent an atmosphere which is contributing to an increase in surface temperatures? 52. The main greenhouse gas in our atmosphere is A. Helium B. Carbon dioxide C. Hydrogen D. Oxygen 53. Which is NOT used to describe climate? A. Air temperature B. Winds C. Moisture D. Energy use 54. The climate of a region describes the A. Season-to-season weather B. Day-today weather change C. Storm tracks of the region D. Wind patterns of the region

9 55. Which is NOT true of climatic regions? A. Large bodies of nearby water modify air temperatures. B. Nearby mountains act as barriers. C. Air temperatures tend to decrease with altitude. D. Air pressure rarely changes. 56. We help reduce the global warming problem when we A. Conserve energy B. Burn coal C. Produce methane D. Remove trees

10 2015 National Tournament NAMES Division B Meteorology SCHOOL STATE Section 1: Weather versus Climate 1. Weather 2. Climate 3. Weather 4. Weather 5. Weather 6. Climate 7. Weather 8. Climate 9. Weather 10. Climate Section 2: Composition and evolution of the Earth s atmosphere 11. 1)Thermosphere2)Mesosphere3)Stratosphere4)Troposphere 12. Stratosphere 13. Troposphere 14. Jet Stream 15. Thermosphere 16. Troposphere 17. White 18. Figure go down 20. B 21. C 22. The Sun 23. A) 4% B) 70% 24. Fossil Fuels 25. Volcanoes

11 26. A) Cold B) Tropical C) Dry cp: Canada mp: Alaskan Coast mt: Bahamas ct: South America 33. C 34. E 35. A 36. Ferrell Cell 37. B 38. C 39. A 40. Upwelling 41. Positive 42. Negative 43. Positive 44. Negative 45. C 46. C 47. D 48. D

12 49. A 50. A 51. B 52. B 53. D 54. A 55. A 56. A

13 2015 National Tournament NAMES Division B Meteorology SCHOOL STATE Section 1: Weather versus Climate Section 2: Composition and evolution of the Earth s atmosphere 11. 1) 2) 3) 4) A) B)

14 26. A) B) C) cp: mp: mt: ct:

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