Intraseasonal Variability in the Atmosphere-Ocean Climate System

Transcription

1 Springer Praxis Books Intraseasonal Variability in the Atmosphere-Ocean Climate System Bearbeitet von William K.-M Lau, Duane E Waliser 1. Auflage Buch. xxxiv, 614 S. Hardcover ISBN Format (B x L): 16,8 x 24 cm Gewicht: 1242 g Weitere Fachgebiete > Geologie, Geographie, Klima, Umwelt > Geologie > Meteorologie, Klimatologie Zu Leseprobe schnell und portofrei erhältlich bei Die Online-Fachbuchhandlung beck-shop.de ist spezialisiert auf Fachbücher, insbesondere Recht, Steuern und Wirtschaft. Im Sortiment finden Sie alle Medien (Bücher, Zeitschriften, CDs, ebooks, etc.) aller Verlage. Ergänzt wird das Programm durch Services wie Neuerscheinungsdienst oder Zusammenstellungen von Büchern zu Sonderpreisen. Der Shop führt mehr als 8 Millionen Produkte.

2 Contents Preface... Preface to the First Edition... List of figures... Abbreviations... xiii xv xix xxix 1 Historical perspective (Roland A. Madden and Paul R. Julian) Introduction The intraseasonal, tropospheric oscillation The elementary 4-D structure Other early studies of the oscillation The oscillation in Complexity of cloud movement and structure Seasonal variations in the oscillation The oscillation in the zonal average Other effects of the oscillation Summary References South Asian monsoon (B. N. Goswami) Introduction South Asian summer monsoon and active/break cycles Amplitude and temporal and spatial scales Regional propagation characteristics Relationship between poleward-propagating ISOs and monsoon onset Relationship with the MJO... 41

3 vi Contents 2.2 Mechanism for temporal-scale selection and propagation to 60-day mode to 20-day mode Air sea interactions Clustering of synoptic events by ISOs Monsoon ISOs and predictability of the seasonal mean Aerosols and monsoon ISOs Predictability and prediction of monsoon ISOs Summary and discussion Acknowledgments Appendix References Intraseasonal variability of the atmosphere ocean climate system: East Asian monsoon (Huang-Hsiung Hsu) Introduction General characteristics of EA/WNP monsoon flow Periodicity, seasonality, and regionality Intraseasonal oscillation propagation tendency Relationship with monsoon onsets and breaks The 10 to 30-day and 30 to 60-day boreal summer ISO The 30 to 60-day northward/northwestward-propagating pattern The 10 to 30-day westward-propagating pattern Relationship with tropical cyclone activity Upscale effect of TC and synoptic systems Final remarks Close association with the EA/WNP monsoon The CISO vs. interannual variability Multiperiodicities and multiscale interaction Others References Pan America (Kingtse C. Mo, Charles Jones, and Julia Nogue s Paegle) Introduction Variations in the IS band IS variability in December March EOF modes The Madden Julian Oscillation The submonthly oscillation IS variability in June September EOF modes Madden Julian Oscillation Submonthly oscillation Intraseasonal modulation of hurricanes

4 Contents vii 4.6 Summary References Australasian monsoon (M. C. Wheeler and J. L. McBride) Introduction Seasonal cycle of background flow Broadband intraseasonal behavior: Bursts and breaks Broadband intraseasonal behavior: Spectral analysis Meteorology of the bursts and breaks Characteristics and influence of the MJO /1984 and 1987/1988 case studies MJO influence on monsoon onset Other modes and sources of ISV Modulation of tropical cyclones Extratropical tropical interaction Prediction Conclusions References The oceans (William S. Kessler) Introduction Heat fluxes Salinity and the barrier layer A 1-D heat balance? The role of advection Vertical structure under westerly winds Remote signatures of wind-forced Kelvin waves El Nin o and rectification of ISV ISV in the Indian Ocean Differences between the Indian and Pacific Ocean warm pools and their consequences Oscillations lasting about 60 days in the western equatorial Indian Ocean Recent models of wind-forced ISV in the Indian Ocean Other intrinsic oceanic ISV Global ISV Non-TISO-forced ISV in the tropical Indo-Pacific ISV outside the equatorial Indo-Pacific Conclusion References Air sea interaction (Harry Hendon) Introduction Air sea fluxes for the eastward MJO

5 viii Contents 7.3 Air sea fluxes associated with northward propagation in the Indian summer monsoon SST variability Mechanisms of SST variability SST atmosphere feedback Impact of slow SST variations on MJO activity Concluding remarks Acknowledgments References Mass, momentum, and geodynamics (Benjamin F. Chao and David A. Salstein) Introduction Angular momentum variations and Earth rotation Length-of-day variation and axial angular momentum Polar motion excitation and equatorial angular momentum Angular momentum and torques Time-variable gravity Geocenter motion Conclusions Acknowledgments References El Nin o Southern Oscillation connection (William K. M. Lau) Introduction A historical perspective Phase 1: The embryonic stage OLR time longitude sections Seasonality Supercloud clusters Early modeling framework Phase 2: The exploratory stage MJO and ENSO interactions WWEs Phase 3: ENSO case studies El Nin o of 1997/ Stochastic forcings Phase-4: Recent development A new ISO index Composite events The ISV ENSO biennial rhythm TISV and predictability

6 Contents ix 9.8 Acknowledgments References Theories (Bin Wang) Introduction Review of ISO theories Wave CISK Wind evaporation feedback or WISHE Frictional convergence instability (FCI) Cloud radiation feedback Convection water vapor feedback and the moisture mode Multiscale interaction theory Mechanisms of the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation Atmosphere ocean interaction A general theoretical framework Fundamental physical processes Governing equations Boundary layer dynamics near the equator The 1.5-layer model for the MJO The 2.5-layer model including the effects of basic flows Dynamics of the MJO Low-frequency equatorial waves and the associated Ekman pumping Frictional convergence instability (FCI) FCI mode under nonlinear heating The role of multiscale interaction (MSI) in MJO dynamics Dynamics of boreal summer ISO Effects of mean flows on the ISO Mechanism of northward propagation Role played by atmospheric ocean interaction Summary and discussion Understanding gained from the FCI theory Model limitations Outstanding issues Acknowledgments References Modeling intraseasonal variability (K. R. Sperber, J. M. Slingo, and P. M. Inness) Introduction Modeling the MJO in boreal winter Interannual and decadal variability of the MJO Sensitivity to formulation of the atmospheric model

7 x Contents Modeling the MJO as a coupled ocean atmosphere phenomenon Boreal summer intraseasonal variability GCM simulations Air sea interaction and boreal summer intraseasonal variability Modeling studies of the links between boreal summer intraseasonal and interannual variability The impact of vertical resolution in the upper ocean Concluding remarks Acknowledgments References Predictability and forecasting (Duane Waliser) Introduction Empirical models Dynamical forecast models Predictability Real time forecasts Discussion Appendix Acknowledgments References Africa and West Asia (Mathew Barlow) Overview Summary of Africa research West Africa Eastern Africa Southern Africa Summary of West Asia research Station data analysis Methodology and data Nairobi Riyadh Relevance of Gill Matsuno dynamics and the role of mean wind Summary and discussion References Tropical extratropical interactions (Paul E. Roundy) Introduction A boreal winter composite of the global flow associated with the MJO Response of the global atmosphere to heating in tropical convection

8 Contents xi 14.4 Influence of extratropical waves on tropical convection Two-way interactions between the tropics and extratropics MJO influence on the predictability of the global flow Discussion References Oceans and air sea interaction (Jean Philippe Duvel) Introduction The source of SST intraseasonal perturbations Observed ISV of the SST Source of the ISV of SST SST perturbations over the SCTR Air sea processes for the simulation and predictability of ISV Passive response of the atmosphere to the ISV of SST Coupled simulations, air sea fluxes, and SST feedback Air sea processes and scale interaction The diurnal cycle Interannual variability and the Indian Ocean Dipole Discussion Acknowledgments References Vertical structure from recent observations (Chidong Zhang) Introduction Remote-sensing products References Multiscale theories for the MJO (Andrew J. Majda and Samuel N. Stechmann) Introduction The MJO skeleton Multicloud and multiscale effects Kinematic models for the MJO Dynamic models for waves in the MJO Implications for global circulation models Summary References Chemical and biological impacts (Baijun Tian and Duane E. Waliser) Introduction Ozone Aerosols Carbon monoxide Ocean chlorophyll

9 xii Contents 18.6 Looking ahead Acknowledgments References Index

10