Role of Low Level Jetstream in Intense Monsoon Rainfall episodes over the West Coast of India
|
|
|
- Samuel Blair
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Role of Low Level Jetstream in Intense Monsoon Rainfall episodes over the West Coast of India Dr. P.V. Joseph Professor Emeritus Department of Atmospheric Sciences Cochin University of Science and Technology Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi
2 Topics presented Low Level Jetstream during SW monsoon Factors associated with Heavy Monsoon Rainfall along the west coast of India a. Vorticity of Low Level Jet Stream b.vertically Integrated Moisture c. Convective cloud formation A hypothesis for intense monsoon rainfall episodes
3
4 Horizontal and Vertical Profiles of Wind in LLJ on 9 July 1961 (Joseph and Raman,1966)
5 Rainfall (OLR) and wind at 1.5km (850hPa) at MOK (Joseph and Sijikumar,Journal of Climate, 2004)
6 Rainfall (OLR) and wind at 1.5 km in Active Monsoon (Joseph and Sijikumar,Journal of Climate, 2004)
7 Rainfall (OLR) and wind at 1.5 km in Break Monsoon (Joseph and Sijikumar,Journal of Climate, 2004)
8 A recent study by Francis and Gadgil for the planning of ARMEX has shown the following, analysing data of a. Heavy Monsoon Rainfall (HMR) of more than 15cm per day occur along west coast during monsoon causing considerable damage b. Such HMR events have maximum frequency near 19N and between 14N and 16N latitudes c. Most favorable time for HMR events is between 15 June and 15 August d. 62% of these events are associated with systems organised on the synoptic and larger scales (TCZ)
9 .Mumbai 19.0N,72.9E.Honavar 14.2N,74.4E
10 Cases of rainfall at Honavar of 20cms per day or more during monsoon seasons of Observation at 0830 hrs of 08 June June July July July June August June June August June June 1989 Rainfall (cms) during previous 24 hours
11 Composite 850hPa wind for 12 cases of monsoon rain at Honavar ( ) of 20cms per day and more.. Red lines are isotachs of wind speed in m/s at 1m/s interval
12 Composite of OLR for 12 cases of monsoon rain at Honavar ( ) of 20cms per day and more. Honavar
13 Cases of rainfall at Colaba, Mumbai of 20cms per day or more during monsoon seasons of Observation at 0830 hrs of 31 July August September July June June June August 1990 Rainfall (cms) during previous 24 hours
14 Cases of rainfall at Santacruz, Mumbai of 20cms per day or more during monsoon seasons of Observation at 0830 hrs of 09 July August September July July July July September June 1985 Rainfall (cms) during previous 24 hours
15 Frequency of Heavy Monsoon Rain at Colaba and Santacruz Colaba in cms Santacruz in cms NIL NIL
16 Composite 850hPa wind for 8 cases of monsoon rain at Colaba,Mumbai of ( ) 20cms per day and more.. Red lines are isotachs of wind speed in m/s at 1m/s interval
17 Composite of OLR for 8 cases of monsoon rain at Colaba, Mumbai ( ) of 20cms per day and more. Mumbai
18 Composite 850hPa wind for 9 cases of monsoon rain at Santacruz,Mumbai of ( ) 20cms per day and more..
19 Composite of OLR for 9 cases of monsoon rain at Santacruz, Mumbai ( ) of 20cms per day and more. Mumbai
20 Case Studies for Heavy Rainfall at Honavar, Mumbai & S. Gujarat Heavy rain recorded at 03 GMT (0830 IST) Honavar 07 June cm Colaba 02 July cm Santacruz 27 July cm Colaba 01 Aug cm S. Gujarat 27 June 02 Pardi 61cm Valsad 54 cm
21 850 hpa wind and LLJ axis on 06 June 1989 Case of Honavar rainfall 43.22cm.
22 Zonal wind shear (m/s per 500km) at 850hPa - Honavar from 29May to 12 June Heavy rain on 6 June. -(δu/δy)
23 Vorticity (in box around Honavar) at 850hPa from 25May to 15 June Heavy rain on 6 June. (δv/δx-δu/δy)
24 Vertically Integrated Moisture (kg/m 2 ) - Honavar from 29May to 12 June Heavy rain on 6 June.
25 Vertically Integrated Moisture (kg/m 2 ) on 2 June 1989 (isolines more than 40kg/m 2 at 2kg/m 2 intervals).
26 Vertically Integrated Moisture (kg/m2) on 4 June 1989 (isolines more than 40kg/m2 at 2kg/m2 intervals).
27 Vertically Integrated Moisture (kg/m2) on 6 June 1989 (isolines more than 40kg/m2 at 2kg/m2 intervals).
28 24 hour Rainfall recorded at 0830IST on 02 July 1984 Colaba - 54cm Santacruz - 24cm. Colaba. Santacruz 24 hour Rainfall recorded at 0830IST on 27 July 2005 Colaba - 7cm Santacruz - 94cm
29 850 hpa wind and LLJ axis on 01 July Case of Colaba rainfall 54.43cm.
30 850 hpa wind and LLJ axis on 29 June 1984.
31 Zonal wind shear (m/s per 500km) at 850hPa - Mumbai from 20June to 10July Heavy rain on 1 July. -(δu/δy)
32 Vorticity (in box around Mumbai) at 850hPa from 20June to 10 July Heavy rain on 1 July. (δv/δx-δu/δy)
33 Vertically Integrated Moisture (kg/m 2 ) - Mumbai from 20June to 10 July Heavy rain on 1 July.
34 Vertically Integrated Moisture (kg/m2) on 1 July 1984 (isolines more than 40kg/m2 at 2kg/m2 intervals).
35 850 hpa wind and LLJ axis on 26 July Case of Santacruz rainfall 94.4cm.
36 850 hpa wind and LLJ axis on 24 July
37 Zonal wind shear (m/s per 500km) at 850hPa - Mumbai, from 18July to 03August Heavy rain on 26 July. -(δu/δy)
38 Vorticity (in box around Mumbai) at 850hPa from 15July to 05 August Heavy rain on 26 July. (δv/δx -δu/δy)
39 Vertically Integrated Moisture (kg/m 2 ) - Mumbai from 18July to 03 August Heavy rain on 26 July.
40 850 hpa wind and LLJ axis on 31 July Case of Colaba rainfall 20.62cm.
41 Zonal wind shear (m/s per 500km) at 850hPa - Mumbai, from 20July to 10August Heavy rain on 31 July -(δu/δy)
42 Vorticity (in box around Mumbai) at 850hPa from 20July to 10 August Heavy rain on 31 July. (δv/δx -δu/δy)
43 Vertically Integrated Moisture (kg/m 2 ) - Mumbai from 20July to 10 August Heavy rain on 31 July.
44 Nowcasting and warning for very heavy rain Step 1- Monitor growth of 850hPa zonal wind shear and vertically integrated moisture in a 500km x 500km box around Mumbai.. Colaba. Santacruz Step 2 When above parameters reach critical values begin radar watch for thunderstorm development and operate a mesonet for hourly rainfall and surface wind. A typical grid for mesonet of about 50 stations is marked on the map of Mumbai.
45 850 hpa wind and LLJ axis on 26 June Case of S.Gujarat rainfall 61cm and 54cm
46 Zonal wind shear (m/s per 500km) at 850hPa S.Gujarat, from 18June to 03July Heavy rain on 26 June. -(δu/δy)
47 Vertically Integrated Moisture (kg/m2) S. Gujarat from 18June to 3 July Heavy rain on 26 June.
48 A Hypothesis for the Heavy Rainfall along West Coast occurring in Mesoscale Systems There is intense cyclonic vorticity north of the LLJ axis (850hPa) The wind field below 850hPa is much weaker When cyclonic shear vorticity in the frictional boundary layer associated with the LLJ at a coastal station increases, cumulus / cumulonimbus convection increases Increased convection leads to pumping of moisture into the troposphere Thus as the shear vorticity at a station increases the Vertically Integrated Moisture in the atmosphere also increases and the rainfall potential increases
49 Hypothesis contd.. With shear and moisture increased & with favourable CAPE, large thunderstorms form with strong vertical upward velocities inside Around each thunderstorm there will be an environment with vertical downward motion which suppresses thunderstorm formation there. Each thunderstorm is a mesoscale system The downward motion field around thunderstorms (in an area about 9 times the size of the thunderstorm area) will transport the intense cyclonic vorticity of the LLJ at 850hPa to lower levels in the boundary layer
50 Hypothesis contd.. Increased cyclonic vorticity at levels like 950 and 900 hpa with greater frictional effects will lead to increased vertical motion in the atmosphere leading to more intense convective storms The increased cyclonic vorticity at levels below 850hPa where the existing wind field is weak can lead to formation of mesoscale cyclonic vortices as suggested in literature and for which ARMEX was conducted
51 Mechanism of Vorticity transfer to 900 and 950hPa from 850hPa 850hPa Level (Large Vorticity) Ground Level
52 Vertical mass flux (estimated) inside cloud (Mc) and in the environment outside cloud (M) in cloud clusters over Marshall - islands (Yanai et al 1973). M is the large scale mass flux. Note the large vertically downward flux outside cloud at low levels. From book Storm and Cloud Dynamics by Cotton and Anthes p 215.
53 At CUSAT Sijikumar in his PhD thesis looked at this problem. He performed MM5 simulations for heavy rainfall events at Honavar (latitude 14.2N) with initial conditions 48 hours before the reported heavy rainfall events. He used : Cumulus Parameterization : Betts Miller PBL scheme : Mellor Yamada Eta Moisture scheme : Simple ice (Dudhia)
54 The two-way nested domains (three) used in the experiment are shown below. Grid sizes 10km, 30km and 90km.
55 For the case of heavy rainfall of 43cm at Honavar at 03z of 07 June 1989 with full orography of the Western Ghats and initial data of 00z 05 June 1989, a mesoscale vortex formed at 950hPa by 18z of 05 June away from coast. It moved towards Honavar on the second day (06 June 1989).
56 850 hpa wind and LLJ axis on 05 June Case of Honavar rainfall of 6June 43.22cm.Honavar
57 Simulated 950hPa wind after (a)18 hrs to (f)48 hrs at 6 hour intervals (with Western Ghats orography in inner most domain)
58 Simulated 950hPa wind after (a)18 hrs to (f)48 hrs at 6 hour interval (with no Western Ghats orography in inner most domain)
59 It is found that the mesoscale vortex is only slightly weaker in the no-orography case showing that the most important factor is the shear vorticity of the LLJ at 850hPa. The experiment was repeated for a few more cases at Honavar. Similar mesoscale vortices were obtained. But similar experiments performed for Mumbai heavy rain yielded no mesoscale vortices
60 At CUSAT we are now trying to see whether LLJ vorticity is transferred to levels below 850hPa in cases of strong convection in the field of LLJ using MM5 and the recently acquired WRF model
61 Squally weather during monsoon along the west coast Squall : A sudden increase of wind speed by at least three stages on Beaufort s scale, reaching at least 22 knots and lasting at least for one minute
62 In a study of monsoon squalls at Goa, Dayakrishnan et al., 1977 found that on average 105 squalls occur during a monsoon season (extreme values : 139 squalls in 1971 and 74 squalls in 1969). At times more than 10 squalls occur in a single day. No well marked changes in surface temperature and pressure accompany these monsoon squalls.
63 Monsoon squalls at Goa on 2 and 3 June 1971 (Dayakrishnan et al., 1977) Monsoon onset over Kerala in 1971: 27 May
64 850 hpa wind and LLJ axis on 31 June 1971.
65 850 hpa wind and LLJ axis on 02 June 1971.
66 850 hpa wind and LLJ axis on 03 June 1971.
67 Monsoon squalls at Mangalore on 22 July 1989
68 Monsoon squalls at Mangalore on 23 July 1989
69 850 hpa wind and LLJ axis on 23 July 1989.
70 OLR (Watts/m 2 ) of 23 July 1989.
71 Dynes PT Anemogram at Mangalore on 10 July 1989
72 A mechanism proposed for monsoon squalls : The cyclonic shear north of the low level jet axis produces intense convective clouds and rainfall in a 3-4 degree latitude belt just north of the LLJ axis. The downdrafts of the convective clouds is hypothesised to carry the high momentum air at 850hPa level close to the LLJ axis to the surface level causing the monsoon rain squalls.
73 THREE STAGES OF AN ORDINARY THUNDERSTORM
74 Horizontal and Vertical Profiles of Wind in LLJ on 9 July 1961 (Joseph and Raman,1966)
75 VERTICAL SECTION OF A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM
76 HEIGHT IN KM } VERTICAL WIND SHEAR WIND SPEED IN KM PER HOUR TYPICAL VERTICAL WIND PROFILE IN JETSTREAM
77 Severe thunderstorms of north India during premonsoon season grow in an environment of strong vertical wind shear between surface and 500hPa. The dry air at levels 600 to 500hPa enter the storm and gets cooled by evaporation of rain falling into it which causes intense downdraft and surface wind squalls of 50 to 100 knots. Below these thunderstorms we get large variations in surface temperature and pressure. These storms are very much different from the monsoon convective storms.
78 THANK YOU
Numerical Simulation of a Severe Thunderstorm over Delhi Using WRF Model
International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 5, Issue 6, June 2015 1 Numerical Simulation of a Severe Thunderstorm over Delhi Using WRF Model Jaya Singh 1, Ajay Gairola 1, Someshwar
Department of Meteorology and Oceanography Andhra University, Visakhapatnam
Numerical Prediction of The Heavy Rainfall Events During Armex phase- I of The Summer Monsoon, 2002 D.V. Bhaskar Rao, D. Hari Prasad and Satyaban B. Ratna Department of Meteorology and Oceanography Andhra
Weather Systems III: Thunderstorms and Twisters
Weather Systems III: Thunderstorms and Twisters Review 1. Definition of airmasses? Bergeron classification of air masses 2. Surface weather analysis: Station model, wind speed code, present weather 3.
Impact of different cumulus parameterizations on the numerical simulation of rain over southern China
Impact of different cumulus parameterizations on the numerical simulation of rain over southern China P.W. Chan * Hong Kong Observatory, Hong Kong, China 1. INTRODUCTION Convective rain occurs over southern
ATS 351, Spring 2010 Lab #11 Severe Weather 54 points
ATS 351, Spring 2010 Lab #11 Severe Weather 54 points Question 1 (10 points): Thunderstorm development a) Sketch and describe the stages of development of a single cell thunderstorm. About how long does
Di Wu, Xiquan Dong, Baike Xi, Zhe Feng, Aaron Kennedy, and Gretchen Mullendore. University of North Dakota
Di Wu, Xiquan Dong, Baike Xi, Zhe Feng, Aaron Kennedy, and Gretchen Mullendore University of North Dakota Objectives 3 case studies to evaluate WRF and NAM performance in Oklahoma (OK) during summer 2007,
1 of 7 Thunderstorm Notes by Paul Sirvatka College of DuPage Meteorology. Thunderstorms
1 of 7 Thunderstorm Notes by Paul Sirvatka College of DuPage Meteorology Thunderstorms There are three types of thunderstorms: single-cell (or air mass) multicell (cluster or squall line) supercell Although
Charles A. Doswell III, Harold E. Brooks, and Robert A. Maddox
Charles A. Doswell III, Harold E. Brooks, and Robert A. Maddox Flash floods account for the greatest number of fatalities among convective storm-related events but it still remains difficult to forecast
Sensitivity of precipitation forecasts to cumulus parameterizations in Catalonia (NE Spain)
Sensitivity of precipitation forecasts to cumulus parameterizations in Catalonia (NE Spain) Jordi Mercader (1), Bernat Codina (1), Abdelmalik Sairouni (2), Jordi Cunillera (2) (1) Dept. of Astronomy and
Atmospheric Moisture during Monsoon 2002 ARMEX Phase I
Atmospheric Moisture during Monsoon 2002 ARMEX Phase I Anu Simon, K. Mohankumar, Aype Thomas and C.K. Rajan Department of Atmospheric Sciences Cochin University of Science and Technology Cochin-682 016
Numerical Prediction of the Heavy Rainfall Vortex Over Eastern Asia Monsoon Region
730 Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan Vol. 62, No. 5 Numerical Prediction of the Heavy Rainfall Vortex Over Eastern Asia Monsoon Region By Shou-Jun Chen* and Lorenzo Dell'Osso European Centre
Inner core dynamics: Eyewall Replacement and hot towers
Inner core dynamics: Eyewall Replacement and hot towers FIU Undergraduate Hurricane Internship Lecture 4 8/13/2012 Why inner core dynamics is important? Current TC intensity and structure forecasts contain
Advanced Hydrology. (Web course)
Advanced Hydrology (Web course) Subhankar Karmakar Assistant Professor Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering (CESE) Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai, Mumbai 400 076 Email: skarmakar@iitb.ac.in
Chapter 14 Thunderstorm Fundamentals
Chapter overview: Thunderstorm appearance Thunderstorm cells and evolution Thunderstorm types and organization o Single cell thunderstorms o Multicell thunderstorms o Orographic thunderstorms o Severe
Sharp Depletion of Absolute Humidity associated with Squall over Kolkata (22 34 N, E): A Possible Method of Forecasting Squall.
Sharp Depletion of associated with Squall over Kolkata ( 34 N, 88 E): A Possible Method of Forecasting Squall. U. Saha, M.Sc. 1 ; S.K. Midya, Ph.D. 1 *; H. Sarkar, Ph.D. 2 ; and G.K. Das, M.Sc. 3 1 Department
CHAPTER 11 THUNDERSTORMS AND TORNADOES MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 11 THUNDERSTORMS AND TORNADOES MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. A thunderstorm is considered to be a weather system. a. synoptic-scale b. micro-scale c. meso-scale 2. By convention, the mature stage
High Resolution Modeling of Multi-scale Cloud and Precipitation Systems Using a Cloud-Resolving Model
Chapter 1 Atmospheric and Oceanic Simulation High Resolution Modeling of Multi-scale Cloud and Precipitation Systems Using a Cloud-Resolving Model Project Representative Kazuhisa Tsuboki Author Kazuhisa
Warm season forecasting! Some material adapted from Material Produced at COMET for their Residence Course in Hydrometeorology
Warm season forecasting! Some material adapted from Material Produced at COMET for their Residence Course in Hydrometeorology 1 Outline! Types of stability and application to forecasting! Dry and moist
TOPICS: What are Thunderstorms? Ingredients Stages Types Lightning Downburst and Microburst
THUNDERSTORMS TOPICS: What are Thunderstorms? Ingredients Stages Types Lightning Downburst and Microburst What are Thunderstorms? A storm produced by a cumulonimbus cloud that contains lightning and thunder
HAZARDOUS WEATHER 1. Dr. Julie Laity Geography 266
HAZARDOUS WEATHER 1 Dr. Julie Laity Geography 266 Violent Weather Thunderstorms Atmospheric turbulence Lightning and thunder Hail Derechos Tornadoes Tornado measurement and science Tropical Cyclones Hurricanes
Meteorological Modeling using Penn State/NCAR 5 th Generation Mesoscale Model (MM5)
TSD-1a Meteorological Modeling using Penn State/NCAR 5 th Generation Mesoscale Model (MM5) Bureau of Air Quality Analysis and Research Division of Air Resources New York State Department of Environmental
NOTES AND CORRESPONDENCE. Applying the Betts Miller Janjic Scheme of Convection in Prediction of the Indian Monsoon
JUNE 2000 NOTES AND CORRESPONDENCE 349 NOTES AND CORRESPONDENCE Applying the Betts Miller Janjic Scheme of Convection in Prediction of the Indian Monsoon S. S. VAIDYA AND S. S. SINGH Indian Institute of
Simulations of Convergence Lines
Simulations of Convergence Lines with Convection using COSMO-DE Markus Übel and Andreas Bott (University of Bonn) --- COSMO User Seminar 2011 --- Outline Motivation Definition of convergence lines Simulation
Thunderstorms. Stages in the development of a thunderstorm
Severe Weather Outcomes: S2-4-04 Explain the formation and dynamics of selected severe weather phenomena... S2-4-05 Collect, interpret, and analyze meteorological data related to a severe weather event.
WRF MODEL STUDY OF TROPICAL INERTIA GRAVITY WAVES WITH COMPARISONS TO OBSERVATIONS. Stephanie Evan, Joan Alexander and Jimy Dudhia.
WRF MODEL STUDY OF TROPICAL INERTIA GRAVITY WAVES WITH COMPARISONS TO OBSERVATIONS. Stephanie Evan, Joan Alexander and Jimy Dudhia. Background Small-scale Gravity wave Inertia Gravity wave Mixed RossbyGravity
INFLUENCE OF LARGE-SCALE ATMOSPHERIC MOISTURE FLUXES ON THE INTERANNUAL TO MULTIDECADAL RAINFALL VARIABILITY OF THE WEST AFRICAN MONSOON
3C.4 INFLUENCE OF LARGE-SCALE ATMOSPHERIC MOISTURE FLUXES ON THE INTERANNUAL TO MULTIDECADAL RAINFALL VARIABILITY OF THE WEST AFRICAN MONSOON Andreas H. Fink*, and Sonja Eikenberg University of Cologne,
Kalimantan realistically (Figs. 8.23a-d). Also, the wind speeds of the westerly
suppressed rainfall rate (maximum vertical velocity) around 17 LST (Figs. 8.21a-b). These results are in agreement with previous studies (e. g., Emanuel and Raymond 1994). The diurnal variation of maximum
Reading. What meteorological conditions precede a thunderstorm? Thunderstorms: ordinary or single cell storms, multicell storms, supercell storms
Thunderstorms: ordinary or single cell storms, multicell storms, supercell storms Reading Ahrens, Chapter 14: Thunderstorms and Tornadoes This lecture + next (Lightning, tornadoes) will cover the topic.
CHAPTER 8 NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF THE ITCZ OVER THE INDIAN OCEAN AND INDONESIA DURING A NORMAL YEAR AND DURING AN ENSO YEAR
CHAPTER 8 NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF THE ITCZ OVER THE INDIAN OCEAN AND INDONESIA DURING A NORMAL YEAR AND DURING AN ENSO YEAR In this chapter, comparisons between the model-produced and analyzed streamlines,
Evidence for Weakening of Indian Summer Monsoon and SA CORDEX Results from RegCM
Evidence for Weakening of Indian Summer Monsoon and SA CORDEX Results from RegCM S K Dash Centre for Atmospheric Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Based on a paper entitled Projected Seasonal
Introduction to Meteorology & Climate. Climate & Earth System Science. Atmosphere Ocean Interactions. A: Structure of the Ocean.
Climate & Earth System Science Introduction to Meteorology & Climate MAPH 10050 Peter Lynch Peter Lynch Meteorology & Climate Centre School of Mathematical Sciences University College Dublin Meteorology
Study of Intra Annual and Intra Seasonal Variations of Indian Summer Monsoon during ARMEX Period
Study of Intra Annual and Intra Seasonal Variations of Indian Summer Monsoon during ARMEX Period Bhanu Kumar, O.S.R.U., S.Ramalingeswara Rao and K.Muni Krishna Dept. of Meteorology & Oceanography Andhra
Multiscale Analyses of Inland Tropical Cyclone Midlatitude Jet Interactions: Camille (1969) and Danny (1997)
Multiscale Analyses of Inland Tropical Cyclone Midlatitude Jet Interactions: Camille (1969) and Danny (1997) Matthew Potter, Lance Bosart, and Daniel Keyser Department of Atmospheric and Environmental
Identification of Predictors for Nowcasting Heavy Rainfall In Taiwan --------------------- Part II: Storm Characteristics and Nowcasting Applications Challenges in Developing Nowcasting Applications for
DEPARTMENT OF EARTH & CLIMATE SCIENCES SAN FRANCISCO STATE UNIVERSITY EARTH 365. Fall 2018 Test #2. November :00pm 7:15pm
1 DEPARTMENT OF EARTH & CLIMATE SCIENCES SAN FRANCISCO STATE UNIVERSITY EARTH 365 Fall 2018 Test #2 November 6 2018 6:00pm 7:15pm 200 points (4 points each answer) Answer on the answer sheet provided.
MET Lecture 34 Downbursts
MET 4300 Lecture 34 Downbursts Downbursts A strong downdraft that originates within the lower part of a cumulus cloud or thunderstorms and spreads out at the surface Downbursts do not require strong thunderstorms
Chapter 24 Tropical Cyclones
Chapter 24 Tropical Cyclones Tropical Weather Systems Tropical disturbance a cluster of thunderstorms about 250 to 600 km in diameter, originating in the tropics or sub-tropics Tropical depression a cluster
Maximization of Historical Severe Precipitation Events over American, Yuba and Feather River Basins
Maximization of Historical Severe Precipitation Events over merican, Yuba and Feather River Basins M. L. Kavvas 1, K. Ishida 1, S. Jang 1, N. Ohara 2, Z.Q.Chen 3, and M. nderson 3 1 University Of California,
ESCI 344 Tropical Meteorology Lesson 11 Tropical Cyclones: Formation, Maintenance, and Intensification
ESCI 344 Tropical Meteorology Lesson 11 Tropical Cyclones: Formation, Maintenance, and Intensification References: A Global View of Tropical Cyclones, Elsberry (ed.) Global Perspectives on Tropical Cylones:
Crux of AGW s Flawed Science (Wrong water-vapor feedback and missing ocean influence)
1 Crux of AGW s Flawed Science (Wrong water-vapor feedback and missing ocean influence) William M. Gray Professor Emeritus Colorado State University There are many flaws in the global climate models. But
Synoptic-Dynamic Meteorology in Midlatitudes
Synoptic-Dynamic Meteorology in Midlatitudes VOLUME II Observations and Theory of Weather Systems HOWARD B. BLUESTEIN New York Oxford OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 1993 Contents 1. THE BEHAVIOR OF SYNOPTIC-SCALE,
Weather Systems. The air around high-pressure weather systems tends to swirl in a clockwise direction, and usually brings clear skies.
Weather Systems A weather system is a set of temperature, wind, pressure, and moisture conditions for a certain region that moves as a unit for a period of several days. Low-pressure weather systems form
Test Form: A Key Final Exam: Spring 2011
Test Form: A Key Final Exam: Spring 2011 Instructions: Write your name (last name and first name) on your bubble sheet. Write your student identification number on the bubble sheet, and carefully and completely
Tropical Cyclone Forecasting Applications of the GOES WMSI
1. Introduction Tropical Cyclone Forecasting Applications of the GOES WMSI Kenneth L. Pryor Center for Satellite Applications and Research (NOAA/NESDIS) Camp Springs, MD The Geostationary Operational Environmental
The Earth System - Atmosphere III Convection
The Earth System - Atmosphere III Convection Thunderstorms 1. A thunderstorm is a storm that produces lightning (and therefore thunder) 2. Thunderstorms frequently produce gusty winds, heavy rain, and
and 24 mm, hPa lapse rates between 3 and 4 K km 1, lifted index values
3.2 Composite analysis 3.2.1 Pure gradient composites The composite initial NE report in the pure gradient northwest composite (N = 32) occurs where the mean sea level pressure (MSLP) gradient is strongest
SYNOPTIC AND MESOSCALE ASPECTS OF TWO FLASH FLOOD EVENTS IN EASTERN SPAIN PRODUCED BY LONG-LIVED
SYNOPTIC AND MESOSCALE ASPECTS OF TWO FLASH FLOOD EVENTS IN EASTERN SPAIN PRODUCED BY LONG-LIVED LIVED QUASISTATIONARY MCSs: ROLE OF ATLAS MOUNTAINS AND LATENT HEAT RELEASE R. Romero C. A. Doswell III
A more detailed and quantitative consideration of organized convection: Part I Cold pool dynamics and the formation of squall lines
A more detailed and quantitative consideration of organized convection: Part I Cold pool dynamics and the formation of squall lines Note: Lecture notes presented here based on course Daily Weather Laboratory
Where does precipitation water come from?
Chapter II Climate and Meteorology Where does precipitation water come from? Introduction The source of water vapor existing over Mongolia has been considered to consist of evapotranspiration at several
ESCI 344 Tropical Meteorology Lesson 7 Temperature, Clouds, and Rain
ESCI 344 Tropical Meteorology Lesson 7 Temperature, Clouds, and Rain References: Forecaster s Guide to Tropical Meteorology (updated), Ramage Tropical Climatology, McGregor and Nieuwolt Climate and Weather
Precipitation Structure and Processes of Typhoon Nari (2001): A Modeling Propsective
Precipitation Structure and Processes of Typhoon Nari (2001): A Modeling Propsective Ming-Jen Yang Institute of Hydrological Sciences, National Central University 1. Introduction Typhoon Nari (2001) struck
Inflow and Outflow through the Sea-to-Sky Corridor in February 2010: Lessons Learned from SNOW-V10 *
Inflow and Outflow through the Sea-to-Sky Corridor in February 2010: Lessons Learned from SNOW-V10 * Ruping Mo National Laboratory for Coastal and Mountain Meteorology, Environment Canada, Vancouver, BC,
Weather is the of the Earth s atmosphere at a place and time. It is the movement of through the atmosphere o Energy comes from the
Weather Notes Weather Weather is the of the Earth s atmosphere at a place and time It is the movement of through the atmosphere o Energy comes from the The sun is the force that weather The sun s energy
Thunderstorms and Severe Weather. (Chapt 15)
Thunderstorms and Severe Weather (Chapt 15) The Big Picture We ve emphasized horizontal transport of energy to balance the planetary energy budget: Hadley Cell Subtropical divergence Midlatitude cyclones
DEPARTMENT OF EARTH & CLIMATE SCIENCES NAME SAN FRANCISCO STATE UNIVERSITY Fall ERTH FINAL EXAMINATION KEY 200 pts
DEPARTMENT OF EARTH & CLIMATE SCIENCES NAME SAN FRANCISCO STATE UNIVERSITY Fall 2016 Part 1. Weather Map Interpretation ERTH 365.02 FINAL EXAMINATION KEY 200 pts Questions 1 through 9 refer to Figure 1,
Chapter 8 cont. Clouds and Storms. Spring 2018
Chapter 8 cont. Clouds and Storms Spring 2018 Clouds and Storms Clouds cover ~ 50% of earth at any time. Clouds are linked to a number of condensation processes. Cloud morphology, cloud types, associated
Development of a Coupled Atmosphere-Ocean-Land General Circulation Model (GCM) at the Frontier Research Center for Global Change
Chapter 1 Atmospheric and Oceanic Simulation Development of a Coupled Atmosphere-Ocean-Land General Circulation Model (GCM) at the Frontier Research Center for Global Change Project Representative Tatsushi
Thunderstorm. Thunderstorms result from the rapid upward movement of warm, moist air.
Severe Weather Thunderstorm A thunderstorm (aka an electrical storm, a lightning storm, or a thundershower) is a type of storm characterized by the presence of lightning and its acoustic effect, thunder.
Mesoscale Convective Complexes (or Systems)
Mesoscale Convective Complexes (or Systems) What is an MCC Mesoscale Convectiv Complexes (MCCs) are organized clusters of storms that have to meet some size and shape criteria: * -32C IR temp > 100,000
General Circulation. Nili Harnik DEES, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
General Circulation Nili Harnik DEES, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory nili@ldeo.columbia.edu Latitudinal Radiation Imbalance The annual mean, averaged around latitude circles, of the balance between the
3. HYDROMETEROLOGY. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Hydro-meteorological Aspect. 3.3 Rain Gauge Stations
3. HYDROMETEROLOGY 3.1 Introduction Hydrometeorology is a branch of meteorology and hydrology that studies the transfer of water and energy between the land surface and the lower atmosphere. Detailed hydrological
Introduction to African weather
Introduction to African weather Dr Caroline Bain Met Office, Exeter, UK Overview Convection and general circulation A tour around the seasons: West African Monsoon, AEWs, Short rains East Africa, Low-level
Dynamical System Approach to Organized Convection Parameterization for GCMs. Mitchell W. Moncrieff
Dynamical System Approach to Organized Convection Parameterization for GCMs Mitchell W. Moncrieff Atmospheric Modeling & Predictability Section Climate & Global Dynamics Laboratory NCAR Year of Tropical
Large-Eddy Simulations of Tropical Convective Systems, the Boundary Layer, and Upper Ocean Coupling
DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Large-Eddy Simulations of Tropical Convective Systems, the Boundary Layer, and Upper Ocean Coupling Eric D. Skyllingstad
Kenneth L. Pryor* and Gary P. Ellrod Center for Satellite Applications and Research (NOAA/NESDIS) Camp Springs, MD
P1.57 GOES WMSI PROGRESS AND DEVELOPMENTS Kenneth L. Pryor* and Gary P. Ellrod Center for Satellite Applications and Research (NOAA/NESDIS) Camp Springs, MD 1. INTRODUCTION A multi-parameter index has
The Effect of Sea Spray on Tropical Cyclone Intensity
The Effect of Sea Spray on Tropical Cyclone Intensity Jeffrey S. Gall, Young Kwon, and William Frank The Pennsylvania State University University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 1. Introduction Under high-wind
What a Hurricane Needs to Develop
Weather Weather is the current atmospheric conditions, such as air temperature, wind speed, wind direction, cloud cover, precipitation, relative humidity, air pressure, etc. 8.10B: global patterns of atmospheric
Thunderstorm: a cumulonimbus cloud or collection of cumulonimbus clouds featuring vigorous updrafts, precipitation and lightning
Thunderstorm: a cumulonimbus cloud or collection of cumulonimbus clouds featuring vigorous updrafts, precipitation and lightning Thunderstorms are responsible for most of what we refer to as severe weather,
contact with ground for 1 hour plus, starting 1500 MDT moved N., covered about 37 km width varied m
Goal for today: Finish Ch. 11 Lightning, Thunder & Tornadoes 16 Nov., 2011 Edmonton tornado 31 July 1987 contact with ground for 1 hour plus, starting 1500 MDT moved N., covered about 37 km width varied
FORECASTING ACTIVITIES DURING THE SOP THE WEST AFRICA SYNTHETIC ANALYSIS WASA/F APPROACH
FORECASTING ACTIVITIES DURING THE SOP THE WEST AFRICA SYNTHETIC ANALYSIS WASA/F APPROACH J.P. Lafore 1, Z. Mumba 2, P. Chapelet 1, N. Chapelon 1, M. Dufresne 2, R. Agbabu 2, A. Abdoul-Aziz 2, H. Hamidou
Characteristics of extreme convection over equatorial America and Africa
Characteristics of extreme convection over equatorial America and Africa Manuel D. Zuluaga, K. Rasmussen and R. A. Houze Jr. Atmospheric & Climate Dynamics Seminar Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University
Weather report 28 November 2017 Campinas/SP
Weather report 28 November 2017 Campinas/SP Summary: 1) Synoptic analysis and pre-convective environment 2) Verification 1) Synoptic analysis and pre-convective environment: At 1200 UTC 28 November 2017
Use the terms from the following list to complete the sentences below. Each term may be used only once.
Skills Worksheet Directed Reading Section: Air Masses Use the terms from the following list to complete the sentences below. Each term may be used only once. high pressure poles low pressure equator wind
Vertical wind shear in relation to frequency of Monsoon Depressions and Tropical Cyclones of Indian Seas
Vertical wind shear in relation to frequency of Monsoon Depressions and Tropical Cyclones of Indian Seas Prince K. Xavier and P.V. Joseph Department of Atmospheric Sciences Cochin University of Science
SIMULATION OF ATMOSPHERIC STATES FOR THE CASE OF YEONG-GWANG STORM SURGE ON 31 MARCH 2007 : MODEL COMPARISON BETWEEN MM5, WRF AND COAMPS
SIMULATION OF ATMOSPHERIC STATES FOR THE CASE OF YEONG-GWANG STORM SURGE ON 31 MARCH 2007 : MODEL COMPARISON BETWEEN MM5, WRF AND COAMPS JEONG-WOOK LEE 1 ; KYUNG-JA HA 1* ; KI-YOUNG HEO 1 ; KWANG-SOON
Scale Interactions during the Formation of Typhoon Irving 边建谱 ELIZABETH A. RITCHIE GREG J. HOLLAND
Scale Interactions during the Formation of Typhoon Irving 边建谱 ELIZABETH A. RITCHIE GREG J. HOLLAND Pre-research Fujiwhara: laboratory experiments in water (1921, 1923, 1931). Cloud clusters are a well-known
10/21/2012. Chapter 10 Thunderstorms. Part II. Growth and Development of ordinary Cell Thunderstorms Thunderstorm Electrification.
Chapter 10 Thunderstorms Part I Growth and Development of ordinary Cell Thunderstorms Thunderstorm Electrification Tornadoes Part II Simplified model depicting the life cycle of an ordinary thunderstorm
Chapter 8 cont. Clouds and Storms
Chapter 8 cont. Clouds and Storms Spring 2007 Clouds and Storms Clouds cover ~ 50% of earth at any time. Clouds are linked to a number of condensation processes. Cloud morphology, cloud types, associated
CLOUDS & THUNDERSTORMS
Funding provided by NOAA Sectoral Applications Research Project CLOUDS & THUNDERSTORMS Basic Climatology Oklahoma Climatological Survey How are clouds made? Clouds form when air is cooled to its dewpoint
Diagnosis and numerical simulations of a heavy rain event in the Western Mediterranean Basin
Diagnosis and numerical simulations of a heavy rain event in the Western Mediterranean Basin D. Santos-Muñoz, M. L. Martín, M. Y. Luna, A. Morata To cite this version: D. Santos-Muñoz, M. L. Martín, M.
CHAPTER 9 ATMOSPHERE S PLANETARY CIRCULATION MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 9 ATMOSPHERE S PLANETARY CIRCULATION MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. Viewed from above in the Northern Hemisphere, surface winds about a subtropical high blow a. clockwise and inward. b. counterclockwise.
A comparative study on the genesis of North Indian Ocean cyclone Madi (2013) and Atlantic Ocean cyclone Florence (2006)
A comparative study on the genesis of North Indian Ocean cyclone Madi (2013) and Atlantic Ocean cyclone Florence (2006) VPM Rajasree 1, Amit P Kesarkar 1, Jyoti N Bhate 1, U Umakanth 1 Vikas Singh 1 and
Thunderstorm: a cumulonimbus cloud or collection of cumulonimbus clouds featuring vigorous updrafts, precipitation and lightning
Thunderstorm: a cumulonimbus cloud or collection of cumulonimbus clouds featuring vigorous updrafts, precipitation and lightning Thunderstorm: a cumulonimbus cloud or collection of cumulonimbus clouds
MET 3502 Synoptic Meteorology. Lecture 8: September 16, AIRMASSES, FRONTS and FRONTAL ANALYSIS (2)
MET 3502 Synoptic Meteorology Lecture 8: September 16, 2010 AIRMASSES, FRONTS and FRONTAL ANALYSIS (2) Identifying a cold front on a surface weather map: 1. Surface front is located at the leading edge
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS ON SEVERE CONVECTIVE WEATHER COMBINING SATELLITE, CONVENTIONAL OBSERVATION AND NCEP DATA
12.12 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS ON SEVERE CONVECTIVE WEATHER COMBINING SATELLITE, CONVENTIONAL OBSERVATION AND NCEP DATA Zhu Yaping, Cheng Zhoujie, Liu Jianwen, Li Yaodong Institute of Aviation Meteorology
Divergence, Spin, and Tilt. Convergence and Divergence. Midlatitude Cyclones. Large-Scale Setting
Midlatitude Cyclones Equator-to-pole temperature gradient tilts pressure surfaces and produces westerly jets in midlatitudes Waves in the jet induce divergence and convergence aloft, leading to surface
http://www.ssec.wisc.edu/data/composites.html Red curve: Incoming solar radiation Blue curve: Outgoing infrared radiation. Three-cell model of general circulation Mid-latitudes: 30 to 60 latitude MID-LATITUDES
NOAA S National Weather Service
NOAA S National Weather Service Night Spotting Advanced Concepts of Severe Storm Spotting 2012 Rusty Kapela Milwaukee/Sullivan Weather.gov/milwaukee Problems Spotters Encounter Spotters can only see a
Chapter 4 Inter-Annual and Long-Term Variability
Chapter 4 Inter-Annual and Long-Term Variability 4.1 General Rainfa\\ is the most imllortant weather element for India, a trollica\ country. Agriculture, hydro-electric power, industry and the economy
Examination #3 Wednesday, 28 November 2001
Name & Signature Dr. Droegemeier Student ID Meteorology 1004 Introduction to Meteorology Fall, 2001 Examination #3 Wednesday, 28 November 2001 BEFORE YOU BEGIN!! Please be sure to read each question CAREFULLY
Thunderstorms. Ordinary Cell Thunderstorms. Ordinary Cell Thunderstorms. Ordinary Cell Thunderstorms 5/2/11
A storm containing lightning and thunder; convective storms Chapter 14 Severe thunderstorms: At least one: large hail wind gusts greater than or equal to 50 kt Tornado 1 2 Ordinary Cell Ordinary Cell AKA
A Numerical Study of a Mesoscale Convective System over the Taiwan Strait
1150 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW A Numerical Study of a Mesoscale Convective System over the Taiwan Strait QING-HONG ZHANG Laboratory for Severe Storm Research, Department of Atmospheric Science, Peking University,
Science Olympiad Meteorology Quiz #2 Page 1 of 8
1) The prevailing general direction of the jet stream is from west to east in the northern hemisphere: 2) Advection is the vertical movement of an air mass from one location to another: 3) Thunderstorms
Tuesday, September 13, 16
Weather Weather State Objectives 4.c, 4.d, 4.h. Discussion What are some ways in which weather affects your everyday life? Discussion What are some ways in which weather affects your everyday life? What
Thunderstorm Downburst Prediction: An Integrated Remote Sensing Approach. Ken Pryor Center for Satellite Applications and Research (NOAA/NESDIS)
Thunderstorm Downburst Prediction: An Integrated Remote Sensing Approach Ken Pryor Center for Satellite Applications and Research (NOAA/NESDIS) Topics of Discussion Thunderstorm Life Cycle Thunderstorm
This article was originally published in a journal published by Elsevier, and the attached copy is provided by Elsevier for the author s benefit and for the benefit of the author s institution, for non-commercial
2) What general circulation wind belt is the place of origin for hurricanes? A) westerlies B) trade winds C) doldrums D) horse latitudes
Meteo 1010 Homework 6 1) What is the difference between a typhoon and a hurricane? A) A hurricane is a true tropical cyclone, but a typhoon is not. B) A hurricane is stronger than a typhoon. C) They represent
Dr. Christopher M. Godfrey University of North Carolina at Asheville
Surface and Upper-Air Observations Surface Observations Collect information for synoptic-scale weather Most surface observations are automated (e.g., Automated Surface Observing System) Also mesoscale
MESOSCALE DATA ASSIMILATION FOR SIMULATION OF HEAVY RAINFALL EVENTS ASSOCIATED WITH SOUTH-WEST MONSOON
MESOSCALE DATA ASSIMILATION FOR SIMULATION OF HEAVY RAINFALL EVENTS ASSOCIATED WITH SOUTH-WEST MONSOON ASHISH ROUTRAY CENTRE FOR ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DELHI HAUZ KHAS, NEW
Description of the ET of Super Typhoon Choi-Wan (2009) based on the YOTC-dataset
High Impact Weather PANDOWAE Description of the ET of Super Typhoon Choi-Wan (2009) based on the YOTC-dataset ¹, D. Anwender¹, S. C. Jones2, J. Keller2, L. Scheck¹ 2 ¹Karlsruhe Institute of Technology,