Climate Modeling in a Changed World

Transcription

1 Climate Modeling in a Changed World Lawrence Buja southern@ucar.edu National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder, Colorado CAM T341- Jim Hack

2 Weather vs Climate Climate Change Boundary Conditions Threats Assessments Forecast Lead Time Weather Prediction Climate Prediction Initial Conditions Benefits Trenberth NCAR

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4 Is the IPCC being too Alarmist? 2006 Raupach et al., 2007 Canadell et al., 2007 If anything, we are being much too conservative!

5 Since AR4, the questions society is asking climate change science dramatically changed. WAS: Is anthropogenic climate change occurring? NOW: What will be the of impact of anthropogenic climate change on coupled human and natural systems? Magnitude and speed in specific regions and sectors? Direct and indirect impacts? Adaptation vs mitigation What are our options & limits? > Addressing these new, much more complex, questions requires new approaches & priorities, new science capabilities, new collaborators/partners > Vast improvements still req d for Climate Models & Observation Image courtesy of Canada DND

6 IPCC AR4 Modeling Centers & AR5 Timeline

7 New CCSM Components for CMIP5 Aerosols Direct and indirect effects Chemistry Radiative and air quality issues Dynamic Vegetation Historical evolution, future paths Carbon & Nitrogen Cycle Ocean & land biogeochemistry Anthropogenic (transient) land use/cover Land Ice Sheets Sea level Rise & Abrupt Climate change

8 IPCC AR Global General Atm/Ocn Circulation IPCC AR TF Continental Scale Flow Carbon Cycle + BGC Spinups Lawrence Buja (NCAR) IPCC AR TF CCSM Grand Challenge PF Regional MJO/MLC Convergence Sub-Regional Hurricanes

9 The CMIP experience: The importance of Community From Climate Models: A Users Guide Daniel Farber, Sho Sato Professor of Law and Faculty Director of the California Center for Environmental Law and Policy, University of California, Berkeley. [Climate] Model predictions cannot be taken as gospel. There is considerable residual uncertainty about climate change impacts that cannot be fully quantified The policy process should be designed with this uncertainty in mind. Economic models are much less advanced, and their conclusions should be used with caution. Unfortunately, economists are not always carefully about incorporating uncertainty into their policy recommendations. Climate scientists have created a unique institutional system for assessing and improving models, going well beyond the usual system of peer review. Consequently, their conclusions should be entitled to considerable credence by courts and agencies. NCAR

10 CMIP Data Services: Earth System Grid Petabyte-scale data volumes Globally federated sites Virtual Datasets created through subsetting and aggregation Metadata-based search and discovery Bulk data access Web-based and analysis tool access Increased flexibility and robustness For AR5, ESG will be expanded to form a global virtual data center! From: Earth System Grid Center for Enabling Technologies: (ESG-CET)

11 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey

12 North Atlantic and North American Regional Climate Changes 36, 12 and 4 km domains nested into CCSM , then time slices out to 2050 Multi-member ensembles for each period The goal is to simulate the effects of climate change on precipitation across the intermountain West States and tropical cyclones, with a focus on the Gulf of Mexico. Dedicated time on NCAR IBM Power 6 (Bluefire) since July: 24 nodes (~20% of total number of processors) 36 (12) km simulations use 128 (256) processors per job Will use 3.9M processor hours through 11/08 ~300 Tb of data (to date); 450 Tb total (including earlier runs) NCAR

13 Improving Predictions of Regional Changes in Weather and Climate The Nested Regional Climate Model High Resolution Climate Modeling IPCC (2007) IPCC (2013) NRCM NCAR

14 Thanks! Any Questions? Lawrence Buja National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder, Colorado Science exists to serve human welfare. It s wonderful to have the opportunity given us by society to do basic research, but in return, we have a very important moral responsibility to apply that research to benefiting humanity. Walter Orr Roberts, NCAR Founder

15 HPC dimensions of Climate Prediction New Science (new processes/interactions not previously included) Better Science (parameterization explicit model) Spatial Resolution (simulate finer details, regions & transients) Timescale (Length of simulations * time step) Ensemble size (quantify statistical properties of simulation) Data Assimilation (decadal prediction/ initial value forecasts) Lawrence Buja (NCAR) / Tim Palmer (ECMWF)

16 HPC dimensions of Climate Prediction New Science ESM+multiscale GCRM Code Rewrite Earth System Model Better Science Spatial Resolution (x*y*z) 1Km Regular AMR km Ensemble size km Climate Model Today Terascale 2010 Petascale Exascale yr* 20min yr* 3min? Timescale 1000yr *? (Years*timestep) Cost Multiplier Data Assimilation Lawrence Buja (NCAR)

17 Climate of the last Millennium Caspar Ammann NCAR/CGD

18 Probablistic Climate Simulations Stage control run: 1000 years with constant 1870 forcing: Solar, GHG, Volcanic Sulfate, O3 Stage 2. Historical: run using time-evolving, observed, Solar, GHG, Volcanoes, O3 Stage 3. Future Scenarios: IPCC Scenarios from end of historical run A TS (Globally averaged surface temperature) control Historical 3. Future Scenarios B Commit 2100 A1B 2100 a b c d e Years 1000

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20 2030: A Warmer and Wetter World

21 Temperature at 2030 Averages and Extremes

22 Precipitation at 2030 Averages and Extremes