Wake vortex severity assessment a core element of the safety case. German Aerospace Center DLR

Transcription

1 Wake vortex severity assessment a core element of the safety case German Aerospace Center DLR Carsten Schwarz, Klaus-Uwe Hahn - Institute of Flight Systems Frank Holzäpfel, Thomas Gerz - Institute of Atmospheric Physics

2 Wake vortex separations Severity assessment and safety case wake vortex separation concept weather wake vortex behaviour severity assessment safety case weather wake vortex behaviour severity assessment separation procedures 2

3 Wake vortex severity assessment How close can one get to a wake vortex? Open question: assessment of wake vortex encounters in terms of severity (incident classes) and risk (safety objectives unclear) DLR approach: safe and undisturbed operations possible outside the hazard area 3

4 Simplified hazard area (SHA) Definition 0.1 < RCR req < RCR req < RCR req < RCR req < RCR req 4

5 Hazard area concept validation Manually controlled approach ILS Approach and Landing ATTAS fixed base Simulator Full Flight Simulator ZFB Berlin/ TU Berlin ATTAS In-Flight Simulator 5

6 Hazard area limit results acceptable (95) unaccetable (19) 6

7 Severity criteria State of the art GA RCR prediction < H RCRmax [2002, Höhne,G., Reinke, A., Verbeek, M.] RCR < 0.5 acceptable WVE [1988, Rossow V. J., Tinling, B. E.] RCR < appropriate limit for acceptable WVE [1998, Stewart E. C.] operationally safe WVE (covering RCR < 0.2 acceptable limits of flight states and (based flight path on deviations) DLR wake vortex [2004, Hahn, K.-U., Schwarz, C., Kloidt, S.] [2006, Hahn, K.-U., Schwarz, C.] projects Wirbelschleppe I+II ) CREDOS (EU FP 6) severity criteria under development WakeNet3-Europe (EU FP 7) task group safety assessment RECAT/ SESAR JU no commonly accepted severity criteria available 7

8 Simplified Hazard Area Prediction (SHAPe) all relevant wake vortex parameters parameterized based on MTOW determination of hazard area depending on vortex age and RCR using worst case parameter combinations size of hazard area for any (generic) aircraft pairing/ any classes 8

9 Dynamic wake vortex separations Vertical Plane gate no. i... gate no. 1 x g gate no. i+n RWY THR ε zg GS hazard area flight corridor overall hazard area wake vortex habitation area 9

10 Dynamic wake vortex separations flight corridor z [m] hazard area y [m] medium behind heavy : cross wind 3 m/s weak turbulence wake vortex habitation area overall hazard area 10

11 Wake vortex advisory system Wake-Vortex Prediction and Monitoring System (WSVBS) WSVBS weather (SODAR/RASS USA & NOWVIV) flight path deviations (FLIP) wake vortex behaviour (P2P) severity assessment (SHAPe) separation FRA procedures (STG, MSR, MSL, ICAO) LIDAR monitoring 11

12 Wake Vortex Prediction and Monitoring System (WSVBS) functionality demonstrated at Frankfurt airport 66 days (2006/ 2007) Prediction horizon > 45 min, update every 10 min - no forecast breakdowns Predicts established (FRA) procedures - potential use 75% of the time, potential capacity gain 3-4 % (fast-time simulations FRA procedures) Can also predict individual separation times LIDAR as safety net monitors crucial altitudes - no warnings from the LIDAR Procedures and display well accepted by controllers 12

13 Risk analysis tool WakeScene WakeScene weather (meteo data: measured/ model) aircraft trajectory model wake vortex behaviour (P2P) hazard area penetration (SHAPe) 13

14 Risk analysis tool WakeScene 3D Evolution 14

15 Risk analysis tool WakeScene Results approaches, leader B747, follower A320/ VFW614, 5 NM separation, full meteo, D2P 63% of closest approaches below 300 ft 15

16 Wake vortex severity assessment/ Elements of the safety case: Conclusions Severity assessment Simplified hazard area concept SHA developed and validated for near-parallel encounters based on simulator and in-flight simulation data Hazard area prediction method SHAPe developed and applied in WSVBS and WakeScene No commonly accepted severity criteria available Wake Vortex Prediction and Monitoring System (German: WSVBS) functionality successfully demonstrated at Frankfurt airport well accepted by controllers Risk analysis tool WakeScene integrated MC simulation of WVs from FAF to threshold sub-models validated [Holzäpfel et al., Aerospace Science & Technology 2009 Issue 1] 16