Metric System. a brief history and explanation
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1 Metric System a brief history and explanation
2 Every major civilization developed a set of standards based on the physical world.
3 This unfinished obelisk is the largest known ancient obelisk, located in the northern region of the stone quarries of ancient Egypt in Aswan, Egypt. It is unknown which pharaoh created this structure. It is nearly one third larger than any ancient Egyptian obelisk ever erected. If finished it would have measured around 42 m (approximately 137 feet) and would have weighed nearly 1,200 tons. The unfinished obelisk offers unusual insights into ancient Egyptian stone-working techniques, with marks from workers' tools still clearly visible as well as ocher-colored lines marking where they were working.
4 The unit of length in the ancient world was the cubit. Cubits varied from region to region. In Egypt, it seems to have been about 20.6 inches or 523 millimeters. One cubit was seven palms or 28 digits. A rod was 100 cubits.
5 Entrance to Pyramid of Khufu at Giza
6 To build is to measure
7 Discrepancy in the sticks
8 it all depends on your ruler
9 In England, 1305, three barleycorns defined an inch. In the 1360s, the English adopted the length of Edward III's arm as a national standard for length.
10 Really, it depended on your ruler
11 too many arms...
12 1789 Trade and commerce were greatly impeded by the bewildering array of measures, often with the same name, but describing different quantities. Hundreds of different measurement units were in use at the time
13 Whaaat??? So the scales were off!
14 Time to set the record straight!
15 Time-line of the meter
16 May The French National Assembly decreed that the length of the new meter would be equal to the length of a pendulum with a half-period of one second
17 Problem! The Earth is fat!
18 According Wikipedia, to is km the wider Earth in equator diameter than at poleto-pole. Therefore, not a constant gravity on is the the Earth. surface of the
19 So... In 1790, the French National Assembly decreed that the length of the new meter would be equal to the length of a pendulum with a half-period of one second at 45 latitude
20 1791 March 30 The French National Assembly accepts the proposal from the French Academy of Sciences that a new definition for the meter would be equal to one ten-millionth of the length of the Earth's meridian the distance from the equator to the north pole.
21 1793 August 1 The definition of the meter as 1 / of the distance from the North pole to the equator was adopted.
22 1799 December 10 The French National Assembly specifies the length of a platinum meter bar, constructed on 23 June 1799 and deposited in the National Archives, as the final standard of length for the meter.
23 The Meter
24 1889 September 28 The first General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) defines the meter as the distance between two lines on a standard bar of an alloy of platinum with ten percent iridium, measured at the melting point of ice. This International prototype platinumiridium meter bar had a cross-section shaped like an X to give it more stability.
25 1906 The length of the meter was re-specified as / wavelengths in air of the red line of the cadmium spectrum.
26 1927 October 6 The seventh CGPM adjusts the definition of the meter to be the distance, at 0 C, between the axes of the two central lines marked on the prototype bar of platinumiridium, this bar being subject to one standard atmosphere of pressure and supported on two cylinders of at least ten millimetres diameter, symmetrically placed in the same horizontal plane at a distance of 571 millimetres from each other.
27 1960 October 20 The eleventh CGPM defines the meter to be equal to 1,650, wavelengths in vacuum of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the 2p10 and 5d5 quantum levels of the krypton-86 atom.
28 1983 October 21 The seventeenth CGPM defines the meter as equal to the distance ( ) travelled by light in vacuum during a time interval of of a second
29 2002 The CIPM recommended that the 1983 definition be restricted to "lengths which are sufficiently short for the effects predicted by general relativity to be negligible with respect to the uncertainties of realization." so...
30 What is the meter s role in the metric system?
31 Providing the base for measuring mass, volume and weight based on the division or multiplication of 10
32 References: Pat Naughti A chronological history of the modern metric system MetricationTimeline.pdf
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