NASA s Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) AVIRIS: PEARL HARBOR, HAWAII

Transcription

1 AVIRIS: PEARL HARBOR, HAWAII

2 NASA s Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) LCLUC Update Robert O. Green (Tom Chrien, presenting) Jet Propulsion Laboratory

3 Overview Objective & Approach Instrument Science Obtaining AVIRIS data

4 Obtaining AVIRIS Data Existing AVIRIS data from the archive Free upon request to NASA investigators for data that is consistent with their investigation New Data in North America or planned deployment Develop a requirement for AVIRIS measurements that is consistent with funded or proposed NASA research. Place a flight request (time, location, platform, etc) and contact the cognizant Program Manager Support Program Manager s response to the flight hour and timing estimates. For dedicated international: AVIRIS measurements be required for the science objectives. This can be established programmatically by the Program Manager or based on the need for AVIRIS measurements in selected science proposals for the campaign. Deployment of AVIRIS on the ER-2 or Twin Otter is possible. There will likely be a difference in cost and capability. On the ER-2 the spatial resolution varies from 20 to 10 meters. On the Twin Otter from 6 to 2 meters. The Twin Otter is generally less expensive. For an international deployment it would be good to plan with the AVIRIS team at JPL beginning at least a year in advance. (however for Argentina planning began only 4 months in advance)

5 AVIRIS Task Objectives Support NASA Code Y by measuring and delivering AVIRIS data sets to designated investigators Ensuring AVIRIS is a unique advanced technology imaging spectrometer for NASA Code Y science

6 AVIRIS: The Imaging Spectroscopy Approach Hematite Fe2O3 Spectroscopic Example Three materials detected Three materials identified Expressed concentrations derived Wavelength (nm) Multi Spectral Example Hematite Fe2O Wavelength (nm)

7 AVIRIS Measurement of the Spectrum AVIRIS Spectral Channels (10nm) 0.8 Scattering O3 H2O H2O O2 CO2 0.6 O2 H2O H20 H2O CH4 0.4 H20 Example Atmospheric Transmittance Spectrum CO2 0.2 H2O MODIS Multi-Spectral Bands Wavelength (nm)

8 AVIRIS Instrument AVIRIS Technology Status Thermal control 1997 Low Altitude 1998 INU/GPS 1998 Geo rectification 1998 Onboard calibrator 1999 Detector arrays 2000 Digital signal chain 2001 Onboard data storage 2001 AVIRIS is designed with 200 µm detectors and F/1 optics. It is hard to imagine larger detectors or faster optics. The AVIRIS design is in the advanced technology zone of the physics of spectroscopic measurements

9 AVIRIS: PEARL HARBOR, HAWAII Spectral Range 370 to 2500 Sampling 9.8 nm Accuracy 0.5 nm Radiometric Range Sampling Accuracy 0 to Max Lambertian 12 bits 96 percent Spatial (ER-2 / Twin Otter aircraft) Swath 11/2.2 km ER-2/TO Sampling 20/4 m ER-2/TO Accuracy 20/4 m ER-2/TO Full INU/GPS geo rectification

10 AVIRIS Low Altitude Capability

11 AVIRIS Performance Excellent calibration and high precision (SNR) are required for NASA Code Y science AVIRIS calibration is within 96% of an independent prediction AVIRIS SNR ranges from 1000 to 500 in the continuum regions of the spectrum AVIRIS Measured MODTRAN Predicted Wavelength (nm) AVIRIS 2000 Hyperion Estimate Wavelength (nm)

12 AVIRIS Science AVIRIS data sets are used to pose and answer questions wherever a spectral signature or correlated spectral signature of interest exist in the 400 to 2500 nm spectral range With AVIRIS a full spectral signature is available for identification and quantification With AVIRIS there are generally more measurements than unknowns for a give objective. This leads to well constrained remote sensing solutions

13 RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS Atmosphere: water vapor, clouds properties, aerosols, absorbing gases Ecology: chlorophyll, leaf water, lignin, cellulose, pigments, structure, nonphotosynthetic constituents Geology and soils: mineralogy, soil type Coastal and Inland waters: chlorophyll, plankton, dissolved organics, sediments, bottom composition, bathymetry Snow and Ice Hydrology: snow cover fraction, grainsize, impurities, melting Biomass Burning: subpixel temperatures and extent, smoke, combustion products Environmental hazards: contaminants directly and indirectly, geological substrate Calibration: aircraft and satellite sensors, sensor simulation, standard validation.. Modeling: radiative transfer model validation and constraint Commercial: mineral exploration, agriculture and forest status Algorithms: autonomous atmospheric correction, advance spectra derivation Other: human infrastructure...

14 AVIRIS Cuprite, NV Spectroscopic identification of surface mineralogy Muscovite K2Al4[Si6Al2O20](OH)4 Alunite KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6 Gypsum CaSO4.2H2O Jarosite NaFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6 Dolomite CaMg(CO3)2 Montmorillonite (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2Si4O10(OH)2*nH2O Kaolinite Al4[Si4O10[(OH)8 Goethite FeO.OH Calcite CaCO3 Hematite Fe2O Wavelength (nm)

15 VEGETATION SPECTRUM Reflectance Ancillary Pigments Chlorophyll a,b beta Carotene Water Cellular Scattering Water Water Sugar Starch Cellulose Lignin Protein Water Cellulose Sugar Lignin Starch Protein Cellulose Water Wavelength (nm)

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19 Leadville, CO Acid and Heavy Metal Hazard

20 Analysis of Dimensionality of 1999 AVIRIS data set 513 Scenes spanning full 1999 AVIRIS data collections One scene per flightline Calculated spectral sum and squared sums for eigen analysis Used MNF approach to normalize noise for eigen value of 1.0 Values above one contain real surface variability References: Boardman, J. W. and Robert O. Green, Exploring the Spectral Variability of the Earth as Measured by AVIRIS in 1999, Proc. Ninth Airborne Earth Science Workshop, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 2000 Green, R. O. and Joseph Boardman, Exploration of the Relationship between Information Content and Signal-to-Noise Ratio and Spatial Resolution in AVIRIS Spectral Data, Proc. Ninth Airborne Earth Science Workshop, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 2000

21 1999 AVIRIS Bulk Eigen Plot 10x 3x

22 AVIRIS 1999 Scene Conservative (3XNoise) Dimensionality for 513 Scenes analyzed (10, 20, 30, 40, 50) Red 1000x, Yellow 100x, Green 10x, Blue 5x, Magenta 3x

23 Analysis of Dimensionality of 1999 AVIRIS data set 1999 AVIRIS data set dimensionality approaches 100 Most of this dimensionality derived from the land surface reflected signal. AVIRIS has contribution to make in understanding land cover and land use change with remote sensing measurements.

24 AVIRIS Literature A citation search for AVIRIS in titles and abstract shows 231 refereed journal articles currently published. The AVIRIS workshops contain over 473 papers. These are available on-line at the AVIRIS web site. There are many additional AVIRIS papers in SPIE, IGARSS, ERIM and other conference proceedings 221m

25 AVIRIS Contributions AVIRIS and Imaging spectroscopy are providing the basis for a step forward in Earth remote sensing in the solar reflected spectrum Based in the physics and chemistry of spectroscopy Based in the general problem of unknowns and measurements Based in the advance of optical, detector, dispersion and computer technology

26 Information All AVIRIS Workshop Proceedings On-line at website AVIRIS Workshop March 5 to 8, 2002

27 Obtaining AVIRIS Data Existing AVIRIS data from the archive Free upon request to NASA investigators for data that is consistent with their investigation New Data in North America or planned deployment Develop a requirement for AVIRIS measurements that is consistent with funded or proposed NASA research. Place a flight request (time, location, platform, etc) and contact the cognizant Program Manager Support Program Manager s response to the flight hour and timing estimates. For dedicated international: AVIRIS measurements be required for the science objectives. This can be established programmatically by the Program Manager or based on the need for AVIRIS measurements in selected science proposals for the campaign. Deployment of AVIRIS on the ER-2 or Twin Otter is possible. There will likely be a difference in cost and capability. On the ER-2 the spatial resolution varies from 20 to 10 meters. On the Twin Otter from 6 to 2 meters. The Twin Otter is generally less expensive. For an international deployment it would be good to plan with the AVIRIS team at JPL beginning at least a year in advance. (however for Argentina planning began only 4 months in advance)

28 AVIRIS Information AVIRIS website: All workshop proceeding published in PDF for on the website. > 5 terabytes of existing data spanning a range of land cover types available free upon request to LCLUC investigators You may request acquisition of AVIRIS that supports NASA LCLUC science research Contact rog@spectra.jpl.nasa.gov