Real-Time NO 3 and PO 4 Sensors for Chesapeake Bay

Transcription

1 Real-Time NO 3 and PO 4 Sensors for Chesapeake Bay Lora Harris Jeremy Testa Amanda Moore UMCES Chesapeake Biological Laboratory Mark Trice Rebecca Burrell Kristin Heyer John Zimmerelli Bruce Michael Ben Cole Brian Smith Maryland Department of Natural Resources

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3 Why do we need these sensors? (1) There is a vast amount of nutrient concentration measurements in Chesapeake Bay, but most of these have been measured at a bi-weekly or monthly scales (2) Event-scale dynamics (floods, wind events) are poorly understood (3) Nutrient conditions leading to phytoplankton blooms poorly understood (4) Model simulations made at short time scales that could be better validated

4 Growing use of in-situ nutrient systems Pellerin et al. 216, JAWRA

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6 The WIZ system Miniaturized wet chemistry Won EPA Nutrient Sensor Challenge Relatively affordable (1-15k; SUNA=3k+) Reagent canister Reagent canister filter Internal electronics pump Internal electronics, colorimetric components

7 Deploying The WIZ system Solar Panel and Data Logger WIZ (submerged) Waste and rinse water Arundel on the Bay

8 Deploying The WIZ system Solar Panel and Data Logger WIZ (submerged) Dares Beach

9 Existing Nitrate Sensor Solar Panel and Data Logger WIZ (submerged) Darlington, MD

10 Water In site AnalyZer System (WIZ): Real-Time NO3 and PO4 measurements Miniaturized wet chemistry Long-term deployments, but labor-intensive

11 2. NO 3 mg L AOB Nutrient Sensor DAB Nutrient Sensor SUNA Sensor.5 Oct Nov Dec Jan 6 PO 4 ug L 4 2 AOB Nutrient Sensor DAB Nutrient Sensor Oct Nov Dec Jan

12 Arundel on the Bay Dare's Beach NO 3 mg L AOB Grab NO 3 mg L DAB Grab.5.5 Oct Nov Dec Jan Dec 17 Dec 24 Dec PO 4 ug L 4 AOB Grab PO 4 ug L 4 DAB Grab 2 2 Oct Nov Dec Jan Dec 17 Dec 24 Dec

13 Arundel on the Bay 1.5 RMSE = RMSE = WIZ NO 3 mg L WIZ PO 4 ug L.5 2 Original Original Replacement Replacement LAB NO 3 mg L Arundel LAB PO 4 ug L

14 Susquehanna Flow 218 Black = Long Term Mean Yellow = IQR Red = 218

15 USGS SUNA Nitrate Sensor

16 1.8 Arundel on the Bay Wiz Sensors 7 Arundel on the Bay IQR Long-Term Monthly Median ( ) 218 WIZ Data NASL Data 6 5 IQR Long-Term Monthly Median ( ) 218 WIZ Data Susquehanna NASL Data NO 3 Conc (mg/l) PO 4 Conc (mg/l) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb 1.8 Dare's Beach 7 Dare's Beach IQR IQR 1.6 Long-Term Monthly Median ( ) 218 WIZ Data 6 Long-Term Monthly Median ( ) 218 WIZ Data 1.4 NASL Data NO 3 Conc (mg/l) PO 4 Conc (mg/l) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan

17 Arundel on the Bay Ecological Insights? 6 6 SUS Flow m 3 s SUS Flow m 3 s Oct Nov Dec Jan Arundel on the Bay NO 3 mg L AOB NO3 AOB PO PO 4 ug L Oct Nov Dec Jan 1 Chl Salinity WTemp 4 Salinity (ppt) Oct Nov Dec Jan Chl (ug/l) / Temp (C

18 Dares Beach Ecological Insights? 6 6 SUS Flow m 3 s SUS Flow m 3 s Dec 17 Dec 24 Dec 31 Dare's Beach NO 3 mg L DAB NO3 DAB PO PO 4 ug L Dec 17 Dec 24 Dec 31 1 Chl Salinity WTemp 4 Salinity (ppt) Dec 17 Dec 24 Dec Chl (ug/l) / Temp (C

19 Dares Beach Ecological Insights? 6 6 SUS Flow m 3 s SUS Flow m 3 s Dec 17 Dec 24 Dec 31 Dare's Beach NO 3 mg L DAB NO3 DAB PO PO 4 ug L Dec 17 Dec 24 Dec 31 1 Chl Salinity WTemp 4 Salinity (ppt) Dec 17 Dec 24 Dec Chl (ug/l) / Temp (C

20 Nitrate Loading Based on SUNA data Daily Load (kg/day) 1,, 5, Jan 218 Apr 218 Jul 218 Oct 218 Jan 2 flo

21 SUNA shifted 8 days NO 3 mg L 1. AOB Nutrient Sensor DAB Nutrient Sensor SUNA Sensor.5 Oct Nov Dec Jan

22 Arundel on the Bay 3 AOB NO3 Salinity NO 3 mg L Salinity (ppt) Oct Nov Dec Jan Dare's Beach 3 DAB NO3 Salinity NO 3 mg L Salinity (ppt) Oct Nov Dec Jan

23 Maintenance Insights: Costs Chemicals : Data plan : Site Visits Planned Maintenance : Malfunction Response: $445 (for chemicals we didn t have)? / month (for data transmission) 4 based on sampling frequency 9 additional Hours Chemical Prep : 4 hours for initial reagent mixing Maintenance day prep : 3 hours to fill canister and gather equipment/standards Maintenance Day : 1.5 hours travel each way (75 miles) 2 hours on site for cleanup and calibration check Post Maintenance Day : 3 hours to empty/clean used canister and waste bag Malfunction Trouble Shooting : 14 (total) additional to normal maintenance on site Total hours dedicated : 25 for everything involved

24 25 Number of Missed Samples Maintenance Malfunction Reason for Missed Sample

25 Ecological Insights: Sensors useful for tracking temporal shifts in response to flow events Documented variability will be useful for understanding estuarine responses on time scale better suited to modeling and continuous sensor data Maintenance is a challenge and calibration data still indicates proceed with some caution Susquehanna inputs impacted main stem of bay on short time scales this summer (~8 days) how does this compare to other years with lower flow? Thank you!