Zone 257, Master Map Normal View

Transcription

1 Zone Master, Normal View, 10 deg FOV, Master Map Normal View ρ ξ ο Puppis τ η ludra π ω Canis Major δ Wezen σ ε ο1 dhara κ Colum ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ζ 08h 32m 08h 24m 08h 08m 07h 52m 07h 36m 07h 28m 07h 20m 07h 12m 06h 56m 06h 48m 06h 32m

2 , Map 1 Normal Image Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software isque Inc. h2393 τ Tau CMa Hipparcos 1037 VY CMa Ruprecht 18 h2391 Hipparcos 1042 Ruprecht 20 Eta CMa η ludra ω h2370 os 2138 NGC 2354 δ Wezen Delta CMa NGC 2325 σ Epsilon CMaε ' ' ' ' ' h h 30m 07h 25m 07h 20m 07h 15m 07h 10m 07h 05m 07h 00m

3 , Map 1 Mirror Image Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software isque Inc. ε σ Epsilon CMa dhara Delta CMaδ NGC 2325 Wezen os 2138 NGC 2354 ω h2370 τ NGC 2362 Tau CMa Eta CMaη VY CMa Hipparcos 1042 Hipparcos 1037 ludra Ruprecht 18 h2391 Ruprecht ' ' ' ' ' h h 00m 07h 05m 07h 10m 07h 15m 07h 20m 07h 25m 07h 30m

4 , Map 2 Normal Image Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software isque Inc. os 1544 Dunlop 57 Dunlop 49 Collinder 140 Jessup 152 Canis Major h3949 risbane 2 h3940 Collinder 132 Cordoba ' ' ' ' ' h3969 Cordoba 281 h h 30m 07h 25m 07h 20m 07h 15m 07h 10m 07h 05m 07h 00m

5 , Map 2 Mirror Image Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software isque Inc. h3940 risbane 2 Collinder 132 Cordoba 48 h3949 Dunlop 57 Collinder 140 Jessup 152 os 1544 Canis Major Dunlop ' ' ' ' ' Cordoba 281 h3969 h h 00m 07h 05m 07h 10m 07h 15m 07h 20m 07h 25m 07h 30m

6 , Map 3 Normal Image Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software isque Inc. Jessup 167 h3965 h3966 h3957 Jacob 10 π Collinder 135 Pi Pup ur 757 h3919 h ' ' ' ' ' 07h 30m 07h 25m 07h 20m 07h 15m 07h 10m 07h 05m 07h 00m

7 , Map 3 Mirror Image Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software isque Inc. h3905 h3919 ur 757 π Jacob 10 Collinder 135 Pi Pup h3957 h3965 h3966 Jessup ' ' ' ' ' 07h 00m 07h 05m 07h 10m 07h 15m 07h 20m 07h 25m 07h 30m

8 , Map 4 Normal Image Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software isque Inc. Haffner 21 Trumpler 9 Herschel 2 Sh NGC 2483 Ruprecht 44 Cordoba 62 ξ Ruprecht 36 NGC 2467 ο h4007 os 747 Xi Pup South 561 NGC 2453 os Pup Ruprecht 32 h2411 Kappa Pup h3982 os 2631 h ' ' ' ' ' h4024 Hipparcos h 00m NGC h 55m 07h 50m 07h 45m 07h 40m 07h 35m 07h 30m

9 , Map 4 Mirror Image Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software isque Inc. h2393 os 2631 Kappa Pup h3982 h Pup Xi Pupξ Ruprecht 32 ο South 561 Ruprecht 36 NGC 2467 Sh NGC 2453 Cordoba 62 os 744 h4007 Trumpler 9 os 747 Herschel 2 NGC 2483 Ruprecht ' ' ' ' ' Hipparcos 1119 NGC h 30m 07h 35m 07h 40m 07h 45m 07h 50m 07h 55m 08h 00m

10 , Map 5 Normal Image Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software isque Inc. NGC 2489 Cordoba 63 h4009 Cordoba 54 NGC ' ' ' ' ' Howe 65 08h 00m 07h 55m 07h 50m 07h 45m 07h 40m 07h 35m 07h 30m

11 , Map 6 Mirror Image Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software isque Inc. Dunlop 49 NGC 2439 Cordoba 54 h4009 NGC 2489 Cordoba ' ' ' ' ' h3969 Howe 65 07h 30m 07h 35m 07h 40m 07h 45m 07h 50m 07h 55m 08h 00m

12 , Map 6 Normal Image Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software isque Inc. La Plata 12 Jessup 190 NGC 2477 NGC 2451 Jessup 177 Jessup ' ' ' ' ' 08h 00m 07h 55m 07h 50m 07h 45m 07h 40m 07h 35m 07h 30m

13 , Map 6 Mirror Image Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software isque Inc. Jessup 167 Jessup 177 NGC 2451 Jessup 190 NGC 2477 La Plata ' ' ' ' ' 07h 30m 07h 35m 07h 40m 07h 45m 07h 50m 07h 55m 08h 00m ζ

14 1 Reference Star, 45 Double Stars, 18 Open Clusters, 1 Galaxy Flamsteed 3 Pup os os os os os risbane ur C Collinder Collinder Collinder Cordoba Cordoba Cordoba Cordoba Cordoba D Delta CMa... 6 Dunlop Dunlop E Eta CMa... 3 H h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h Herschel Hipparcos Hipparcos Hipparcos Howe J Jacob Jessup Jessup Jessup Jessup

15 K Kappa Pup L La Plata N NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC NGC P Pi Pup...19 R Ruprecht Ruprecht Ruprecht Ruprecht Ruprecht S Sharpless South V VY CMa

16 , Map 1 Double Stars Easy Eta CMa Rating: 2 E 31 CMa; ludra, "a virgin"; Smythe 2; pm 88; HD 58350; SO Position: II bw! V W 1879: measurements. shell of star stuff surrounds ludra, whose diameter has been measured by intereferometer to be ". It is also an infra-red source. It may optical. The stars have a small difference in proper motion. From James Kaler's Star Its distance presents a problem. Direct measurements of parallax by the Hipparcos satellite gives 3200 light years, but with a very high potential error. Some of "The Virgins", however, are more than just a chance alignment; they form a loose, but real group, an "association" called Collinder 121 that includes Wezen, ludra, Omicron-1 and 2 and Sigma, and which has an average distance of 1,760 light years. With this distance, ludra shines with a total luminosity (accounting for ultraviolet radiation from its 13,500 Kelvin surface) of 66,000 Suns, a third again as great as Wezen's luminosity. Temperature and luminosity conspire to give a radius 47 times that of the Sun, in good agreement with the 43 solar radii gotten from the angular diameter. Temperature and luminosity also tell of a star of about 15 solar masses that is well along in its evolution. orn only 12 million years ago, it has given up the fusion of hydrogen in its core and is most likely making a very rapid transition to becoming a red supergiant (though it is possible it may have already been one and has now returned to the blue supergiant realm), after which it will most likely explode as a supernova. s a dying, expanding star, ludra has a strong wind blowing from its surface at a speed of some 500 kilometers per second. Now losing mass at a rate of roughly a millionth of a solar mass a year (10 million times the rate of the solar wind), it has already lost about a third the mass of the whole Sun. The cloud it has generated around itself has been detected in the infrared part of the spectrum via satellite. ludra has a - 3 -

17 seventh magnitude white "companion" about two minutes of arc away that is easily visible in a small telescope. The companionship, however, is not real, but just line of sight, as the smaller star's class (it is an dwarf like Sirius) places it at a distance of only 600 light years, much closer than ludra. C8 at 104x. Wide, but pretty. Faint but rich field. Diameter: = 12 feet; = 9.0 inches. Separation: = 941 miles. Distance (LY): 3,200 Total luminosity (Suns): 84,600 h2391 HD 59235; SO Rating: 3 E Position: K5 III R! ? 1831: measurements. C8 at 65x. Diameter: = 54.3 inches. Separation: = 17.2 miles. Distance (LY): 660 Total luminosity (Suns):

18 h2393 SO Rating: 3 E Position: K0 O ? 1831: measurements. The Tycho-2 Catalogue indicates a single star entry. C8 at 104x. It shares the field with a few bright stars 8.4m, 8.3m, 7.8m. Diameter: = 26.0 inches. Separation: = 9.81 miles. Distance (LY): 398 Total luminosity (Suns): 3.49 h3923 HD 53675; SO Rating: 4 E Position: G8 IV W No C W 1835: measurements. C 1913: measurements. C8 at 104x

19 h2370 HD 56504; SO Rating: 4 E Position: IV bw G5 W 1831: measurements. The stars have a small difference in proper motion. C8 at 104x. Diameter: = 12.0 inches; = 21.6 inches. Separation: = 3.73 miles. Distance (LY): 113 Total luminosity (Suns): 0.3 Delta CMa Wezen, 25 CMa; ur 1412; HD 54605; SO Rating: 5 E Position: F8 Iab: W !! W 1832: measurements. C11 at 98x

20 Hipparcos 1037 Rousseau 7 (C); SO Rating: 5 E Position: W No C = 1991 W 1 measurement. May be optical because Hipparcos gives different distances (1,420 and 703 light years). C 1910: measurements. 7 measurements. C11 at 98x. Moderate os 2138 HD 56067; SO Rating: 3 M Position: V bw ? 1 measurement. C8 at 206x. Diameter: = 9.60 inches. Separation: = 9.48 miles. Distance (LY): 760 Total luminosity (Suns):

21 Hipparcos 1042 HD 58630; SO Rating: 5 M Position: V W ? 1912: measurements. C11 at 98x. Diameter: = 11.4 inches. Separation: = 31.5 miles. Distance (LY): 1,800 Total luminosity (Suns): 193 Deep Sky Objects Easy NGC 2354 Other Names: Collinder 131, H VII 16 stronomical League Program: Herschel 400 Club Rating: 3 E Position: Type: Oc Class: III 2r Magnitude: 6.5 Dimensions: 20' Cluster population: 100 It is 35 light years in diameter and 180 million years old. The brightest star is 9.1m (690 times brighter than the Sun). This cluster lies 31,100 light years from the galactic center and 700 light years below the galactic plane

22 C8 at 83x. Spread out, it is easy and oblate, with 40 stars easily visible. There is a good double at the center too, and a very red star as well. 15 min E is a "Z" shaped asterism. Steve Coe's C11 at 90x in Sentinel, rizona. 20 min diameter, irregular shape which I whimsically called a "spleen", and it stuck that night with the group; several then reported seeing the "Spleen Cluster". Model (where the Sun is a baseball): Its diameter would be 11,610 miles with stars 1,250 miles apart. Distance (LY): 6,200 Luminosity (suns): 7,500 Moderate NGC 2325 Other Names: PGC Rating: 3 M Position: Type: Gal Class: E4 Magnitude: Dimensions: 3.3' x 1.9' P: 6 Steve Coe's C11 at 140x in Sentinel, rizona. Elongated about 2 to 1; bright star at one end; suddenly brighter middle. Distance (LY): 80,000,000 Total luminosity (Suns): 16,600,000,000 Ruprecht 20 Position: Rating: 4 M Type: Oc Class: III 2m Magnitude: 9.5 Dimensions: 10' Cluster population: 30 n asterism? If not, it could be 316 million years old. The brightest star is 11.6m

23 C8 at 104x. It has a brighter central star surrounded by a fan-shaped arc of stars. Distance (LY): 3,940 Total luminosity (Suns): 192 VY CMa Position: Rating: 5 M Type: GN Class: R Dimensions: 12" x 18" Van den os classed this as a multiple star, but the "companions" are actually bright knots within the nebula the enshrouds the entire complex. C11 at 339x. bright nebula that enshrouds the ro variable VY CMa. t first, I could not focus VY, then noticed the nebula at higher powers. Difficult Ruprecht 18 Position: Rating: 3 D Type: Oc Class: III 2p Magnitude: 9.4 Dimensions: 4' Cluster population: 40 The brightest star is 11m. The cluster is 44 million years old. C8 at 83x. Faint, it needs averted vision to see well. Note the semicircular shape, and the bright star at the center

24 , Map 2 Double Stars Easy h3949 HD 57120; SO Rating: 2 E Position: V W yw 1835: measurements. C8 at 280x. Duplicity was seen at 104x, but it took 270 to get a clean split. Diameter: = 12.6 inches. Separation: = 6.08 miles. Distance (LY): 1,300 Total luminosity (Suns): 285 Dunlop 49 HD 59499; SO Rating: 2 E Position: V py ! V 1835: measurements

25 C8 at 65x. Diameter: = 12.6 inches; = 12.0 inches. Separation: = 8.05 miles. Distance (LY): 580 Total luminosity (Suns): 145 h3940 HD 55817; SO Rating: 3 E Position: V W ro 1865: measurements. C8 at 206x. Duplicity was noted at 104x, but 200x was needed to get a nice split. The field offers some nice touches. h3940 lies between two bright stars. Just south of h3940 is a triangle of 9m stars. risbane 2 HD 56731; SO Rating: 3 E Position: II W W 1838: measurements. This star is probably a foreground object in front of Collinder 132. The stars share common proper motion

26 C8 at 83x. Diameter: = 6.30 inches; = 8.13 inches. Separation: = 28.4 miles. Distance (LY): 481 Total luminosity (Suns): 67 h3969 HD 59099; SO Rating: 3 E Position: F8 V yw G5 V 1835: measurements. The stars share a large common proper motion. C8 at 104x. Diameter: = 3.60 inches; = 19.6 inches. Separation: = 3.54 miles. Distance (LY): 129 Total luminosity (Suns): 2.8 Cordoba 48 HD 56162; SO Rating: 4 E Position: V W

27 1898: measurements. C8 at 83x. Moderate field. Diameter: = 9.60 inches. Separation: = 6.93 miles. Distance (LY): 570 Total luminosity (Suns): 60 Jessup 152 Position: Rating: 4 E 9.18 F8 V W yo 1929: measurements. C8 at 104x. It lies in the open cluster Collinder 140. Diameter: = 3.60 inches. Separation: = 5.46 miles. Distance (LY): 500 Total luminosity (Suns): 5 Dunlop 57 Dawes 129; os 1540; HD 58535; SO Rating: 4 E Position: G8 II Y

28 1 measurement. The primary has a mass of about 9 Suns. It is also an infra-red source. C8 at 83x. It lies in the open cluster Collinder 140, a very rich field. Diameter: = 16 feet. Separation: = 85.1 miles. Distance (LY): 550 Total luminosity (Suns): 192 os 1544 HD 59051; SO Rating: 4 E Position: V W ? C p 1913: measurements. C 1 measurement. C8 at 104x. Cordoba 281 Rossiter 5257; HD 54414; SO Rating: 5 E Position: G0 V bw ?

29 1912: measurements. May be optical. There are also two 14.0m companions very close to and. C8 at 104x. Diameter: = 3.45 inches. Separation: = 4.79 miles. Distance (LY): 240 Total luminosity (Suns): 1.9 Moderate h3928 HD 53952; SO Rating: 4 M Position: F0 V W C W D ? E No 1836: measurements. C 1836: measurements. D 1879: measurements. E 1851: measurements. C8 at 104x. Diameter: = 5.7 inches. Separation: = 4,013 feet; C = 10.7 miles; D = 11.0 miles; E = 5.11 miles

30 Distance (LY): 182 Total luminosity (Suns): 11.4 Deep Sky Objects Easy Collinder 140 Other Names: The Tuft in the Tail of the Dog Rating: 3 E Position: Type: Oc Class: III 3p Magnitude: 3.5 Dimensions: 42' Cluster population: 30 It is 14 light years in diameter and 35 million years old. The brightest star is 5.4m (540 times brighter than the Sun). C8 at 83x. very large and bright group, it looks best in the spotter. It is somewhat sparse, and the center looks even more rarefied. Model (where the Sun is a baseball): Its diameter would be 4,510 miles with stars 725 miles apart. Distance (LY): 1,320 Luminosity (suns): 5,400 Collinder 132 Position: Rating: 5 E Type: Oc Class: III 3p Magnitude: 3.6 Dimensions: 95' Cluster population: 25 The brightest star is 5.3m (1,900 times brighter than the Sun). The cluster is 50 light years in diameter. C8 at 10x. It was very large and sparse (looking best in the spotter)

31 ctually, it is two clusters in the same line of sight, the nearer (at 1,100 light years) being Collinder 132b, while the farther (at 1,800 light years) is Collinder 132a. Model (where the Sun is a baseball): The diameter would be 16,015 miles with stars 2,750 miles apart. Distance (LY): 1,540 Luminosity (suns): 6,700, Map 3 Double Stars Easy h3966 HD 58635; SO Rating: 2 E Position: F0 V W F0 V W 1835: measurements. The stars have different proper motions. C8 at 104x. Diameter: = 5.70 inches; = 9.83 inches. Separation: = 7.42 miles. Distance (LY): 690 Total luminosity (Suns):

32 Pi Pup 16 Pup; Dunlop 43; HD 56855; SO Rating: 3 E Position: K5 Ib ro : measurements. This star is a member of the Sco-Cen ssociation. The stars share common proper motion. C8 at 104x. Diameter: = 1.80 inches. Separation: = 118 miles. Distance (LY): 1,100 Total luminosity (Suns): 8,173 Jacob 10 NV Pup; HD 57150; SO Rating: 3 E Position: Ve W II W C 8.10 D 8.64 C CD 3.0 = 212 = : measurements. C 1846: measurements. CD 1846: measurements

33 The primary is spinning very rapidly 277 km/sec. It has thus thrown off a shell of material. C8 at 104x. It forms a neat right triangle in the W end of the open cluster Collinder 135. Diameter: = 12.6 inches; = 13.2 inches. Separation: = 318 miles; C = 155 miles; CD = 3.98 miles. Distance (LY): 850 Total luminosity (Suns): 1,310 h3957 HD 58038; SO Rating: 3 E Position: F8 gw O 1836: measurements. The stars have different proper motions. C8 at 104x. Odd colors! h3919 HD Rating: 5 E Position: K0 O ro 1836: measurements

34 May be optical because Hipparcos gives different distances (850 and 433 light years). C8 at 206x. Moderate ur 757 HD 55718; SO Rating: 5 M Position: V W ? 1879: measurements. Star may be a variable. C8 at 280x. Diameter: = 11.4 inches. Separation: = 3.65 miles. Distance (LY): 900 Total luminosity (Suns): 285 h3965 HD 58420; SO Rating: 5 M Position: V bw = 1933? 1835: measurements

35 C8 at 104x. Diameter: = 10.2 inches. Separation: = 26.8 miles. Distance (LY): 700 Total luminosity (Suns): Deep Sky Objects Easy Collinder 135 Position: Rating: 5 E Type: Oc Class: IV 2p Magnitude: 2.1 Dimensions: 50' The cluster is 25 million years old. C8 at 104x. It lies just N of 5m Pi Pup. It is a very poor group, not at all rich. I counted seven stars in bad seeing, plus Pi, in a 30 min field. Distance (LY): 1,030 Total luminosity (Suns): 12,

36 , Map 4 Reference Star 3 Pup (HD 62623; SO ) Position: Mag : 3.54 Spectrum : 2 Iae Color : W This star is a spectroscopic binary with a period of days and is an infra-red source. Double Stars Easy Kappa Pup Markeb; DS 6255; HD 61555; SO ; H III 27 stronomical League Program: Double Star Club Rating: 1 E Position: V W V W C8 at 104x. It lies in the NE quadrant of the open cluster NGC Sharp! Diameter: = 11.4 inches; = 10.2 inches. Separation: = 7.08 miles. Distance (LY): 454 Total luminosity (Suns):

37 h3982 P Pup; DS 6205; HD 60863; SO Rating: 3 E Position: V W = 1981 C 10.44? C : measurements. C 1896: measurements. The primary rotates at a giddy 222 km/sec. C8 at 65x. Diameter: = 10.2 inches. Separation: = 13.4 miles; C = 14.7 miles. Distance (LY): 225 Total luminosity (Suns): 54.2 South 561 HD Rating: 4 E Position: W bw C 9.80 No C : 2. 8 measurements. Hipparcos/Tycho data show different distances for these stars; they may be optical. C 1825: measurements

38 C8 at 104x. Diameter: = 7.94 inches. Separation: = 27.7 miles; C = 5.52 miles. Distance (LY): 347 Total luminosity (Suns): 4 h4007 Position: Rating: 4 E III/IV W bw 1835: measurements. C11 at 98x. Diameter: = 19.2 inches. Separation: = 3.02 miles. Distance (LY): 114 Total luminosity (Suns): 0.28 Cordoba 62 DS 6437; HD 64454; SO Rating: 4 E Position: K2 IV O W 1911: 0. 5 measurements

39 C8 at 206x. It lies a little S of the center of a line between two 9m stars 20 min apart in pa 160. Moderate os 747 HD 64284; SO Rating: 4 M Position: F6 V W ! 1991 W 1927: measurements. Quadrant reversal? C11 at 339x. os 2631 HD 60369; SO Rating: 5 M Position: O9 III = 177 = 1991 W 1940: measurements. C11 at 98x. Diameter: = 24 inches. Separation: = 100 miles

40 Distance (LY): 6,570 Total luminosity (Suns): 1,980 h2411 HD 62084; SO Rating: 5 M Position: III/IV W W 1831: measurements. May be optical because Hipparcos gives different distances (184 and 27 light years). C11 at 98x. os 744 HD 63624; SO Rating: 5 M Position: V W = 204 = 1991 W 1927: measurements. C8 at 104x. Many 9m-10m stars are in the field. Diameter: = 9.00 inches. Separation: = 7.77 miles. Distance (LY): 1,060 Total luminosity (Suns):

41 Difficult Hipparcos 1119 HD Rating: 5 D Position: V = 1991? 1913: measurements. C11 at 98x. Diameter: = 9.60 inches. Separation: = 39.0 miles. Distance (LY): 1,580 Total luminosity (Suns): 27 Deep Sky Objects Easy Herschel 2 Other Names: Trumpler 9 Rating: 4 E Position: Type: Oc Magnitude: 9.0 Dimensions: 9' Cluster population: 40 C8 at 104x. It lies just NE of the diffuse nebula NGC 2467 and resembles a sideways S. It is somewhat clumpy

42 Distance (LY): 7,200 Total luminosity (Suns): 1,000 NGC 2483 Position: Rating: 4 E Type: Oc Class: III 2m Magnitude: 7.6 Dimensions: 10' Cluster population: 30 It is 28 light years in diameter and 12 million years old. The brightest cluster star is 9.3m (1,350 times brighter than the Sun). It lies 34,000 light years from the galactic center and 50 light years above the galactic plane. Probably not a cluster. C8 at 104x. Coarse, it resembles an arrowhead pointing NW, with a dominant 7m star in the N edge. Most stars are fainter than 9m. 6.5m Y star lies 10 min SW. Model (where the Sun is a baseball): Its diameter would be 8,900 miles with stars 1,450 miles apart. Distance (LY): 5,410 Luminosity (suns): 2,090 Moderate NGC 2453 Other Names: Collinder 162 Rating: 3 M Position: Type: Oc Class: I 3m Magnitude: 8.3 Dimensions: 5' Cluster population: 30 This cluster is 15 million years old. The brightest star is 9.5m (300 times brighter than the Sun). It lies 31,000 light years from the galactic center and 110 light years below the galactic plane

43 C8 at 104x. Grainy at low powers, it is partly resolved at 200x (8 stars). There is a 9.3m star 5 NW (SO ). The planetary nebula NGC 2452 (12.6m, 19" diameter) is in the SW quadrant. Model (where the Sun is a baseball): Its diameter would be 2,290 miles with stars 360 miles apart. Distance (LY): 7,010 Luminosity (suns): 1,840 NGC 2467 Other Names: Collinder 164, H IV 22 stronomical League Program: Herschel II Club Rating: 3 M Position: Type: Oc Class: I 3mn Magnitude: 7.1 Dimensions: 15' Cluster population: 50 Two clusters are embedded Haffner 18a and 18b. They are 250 million years old and are part of the Pup O1 association. They lie 36,000 light years from the galactic center and 100 light years above the galactic plane. C8 at 104x. It is round and even, but fades rapidly at the edge. The unresolved splotch SW of the center is the open cluster Haffner 18. Model (where the Sun is a baseball): Its diameter would be 15,450 miles with stars 2,100 miles apart. Distance (LY): 11,000 Luminosity (suns): 14,

44 NGC 2489 Other Names: Melotte 79; Collinder 169; Raab 66, H VII 23 stronomical League Program: Herschel 400 Club Rating: 3 M Position: Type: Oc Class: I 2m Magnitude: 7.9 Dimensions: 8' Cluster population: 45 It is 184 million years old. The brightest star is 11m (50 times brighter than the Sun). This cluster lies 29,000 light years from the galactic center and 50 light years below the galactic plane. C8 at 206x. Delicate, tight and rich! 30 stars were resolved. The very red star PX Pup is 12 min S of the cluster. Model (where the Sun is a baseball): Its diameter would be 2,920 miles with stars 410 miles apart. Distance (LY): 12,900 Luminosity (suns): 3,270 Ruprecht 32 Position: Rating: 4 M Type: Oc Class: III 2pn Magnitude: 8.4 Dimensions: 6' Cluster population: 30 It is 23 light years in diameter and 12 million years old. The brightest star is 9.6m (2,000 times brighter than the Sun). C8 at 104x. rich oval was seen (with averted vision) 20 min E of a 6.6m star, SO The cluster itself is a faint, loose scattering with a 7m foreground star at the S tip. Distance (LY): 17,400 Luminosity (suns): 10,

45 Ruprecht 36 Position: Rating: 4 M Type: Oc Class: I 1 p Magnitude: 9.6 Dimensions: 4.0' Cluster population: 30 This cluster is 40 million years old. The brightest star is 10.3m. C8 at 206x. This cluster is dominated by a small, flat triangle. I counted 6 stars with others suspected but not confirmed. Distance (LY): 5,480 Total luminosity (Suns): 340 Difficult Sharpless Position: Rating: 3 D Type: Gn Dimensions: 4' C8 at 104x. prominent E-W lane lies just a little N of the center. Ruprecht 44 Position: Rating: 4 D Type: Oc Class: III 1p Magnitude: 11.5 Dimensions: 5' Cluster population: 100 This cluster may be 9 million years old. C8 at 104x. Only 8 stars were resolved. It looked grainy at all powers. n acute triangle lies just N. Distance (LY): 15,400 Luminosity (suns):

46 , Map 5 Double Stars Easy Cordoba 63 Position: Rating: 2 E V W p 1913: measurements. C8 at 104x. Faint but rich field. Diameter: = 9.00 inches. Separation: = 2.53 miles. Distance (LY): 203 Total luminosity (Suns): 1.6 Cordoba 54 Rossiter 2502; SO Rating: 4 E Position: V bw W 1910: measurements. C8 at 104x

47 h4009 os 2157 (D); SO Rating: 4 E Position: F5 W W? C ? 1835: measurements. The stars have different proper motions. C 1 measurement. C8 at 206x. It lies just N of a shallow 9m triangle that runs E-W. Moderate Howe 65 HD 64379; SO Rating: 3 M Position: F3 V W O 1876: measurements. This system may be a member of the Hyades Group. C8 at 280x. Diameter: = 4.80 inches. Separation: = 1,742 feet. Distance (LY): 59 Total luminosity (Suns):

48 Deep Sky Objects Easy NGC 2439 Other Names: Melotte 74; Collinder 158 Rating: 2 E Position: Type: Oc Class: II 3r Magnitude: 6.9 Dimensions: 10' Cluster population: 80 It is 18 million years old. The earliest stars are 2 and 1 types. Five e stars are known to be part of this group of 181+ stars. Uneven absorption of light from its members suggests that it may be an asterism. It lies 34,000 light years from the galactic center and 900 light years below the galactic plane. NGC 2439 Open cluster (II 3 r; 80 stars) Observed with C8 on 2/1/92 Magnification: 80x C8 at 104x. eautiful! 7m Y star (the variable R Pup) dominates the N end. This group has many pairs too, and a prominent triangular asterism. The center looks fairly void. Of this, Steve Coe writes, "The center of this cluster is dark and this bizarre absorption from dark nebulae makes the cluster take on a horseshoe or rc de Triomphe shape." Model (where the Sun is a baseball): Its diameter would be 4,960 miles with stars 575 miles apart. Distance (LY): 12,570 Luminosity (suns): 21,

49 , Map 6 Double Stars Easy Jessup 167 PS Pup; HD 60168; SO Rating: 4 E Position: V W po 1 measurement. Star is a spectroscopic binary and an ellipsoidal variable. C8 at 104x. Diameter: = 9.00 inches. Separation: = 126 miles. Distance (LY): 880 Total luminosity (Suns): 142 Moderate Jessup 177 HD 61640; SO Rating: 4 M Position: G8 III O ?

50 1913: measurements. C8 at 206x. Diameter: = 43.5 inches. Separation: = 16.9 miles. Distance (LY): 1,260 Total luminosity (Suns): 102 La Plata 12 HD 65162; SO Rating: 4 M Position: V W ? C = 1956 O 1919: measurements. C 1913: measurements. The stars share a small common proper motion. C8 at 280x. Star is extremely difficult. Diameter: = 10.2 inches. Separation: = 132 miles; C = 389 miles. Distance (LY): 16,300 Total luminosity (Suns): 14,

51 Difficult Jessup 190 SO Rating: 4 D Position: V Y O 1929: measurements. C8 at 104x. right and rich field. Deep Sky Objects Easy NGC 2477 Other Names: OCL 720 stronomical League Program: Caldwell Club Position: Rating: 2 E Type: OC Class: I 2 r :b Magnitude: 5.8 Dimensions: 27' Cluster population: 300 This cluster may be 705 million years old. C8 at 104x. Marvelous object! Fills the field with stunning glitter and scintillating points of light (due, in part, to the low latitude). The stars are fairly even in brightness and very densely packed, similar to M36 in uriga. Roughly semi-circular in shape, the north half being much brighter and richer. Distance (LY): 4,200 Total luminosity (Suns): 6,

52 NGC 2451 Other Names: Collinder 161 Rating: 4 E Position: Type: Oc Class: II 2p Magnitude: 2.8 Dimensions: 45.0' Cluster population: 40 This cluster is probably about 60 million years old. C8 at 104x. It is large, bright, and very scattered. It is badly absorbed at the low viewing latitude I have. It is dominated by a lopsided diamond that includes the brightest star (a ro one of 3.6m). Distance (LY): 620 Total luminosity (Suns): 2,

53 Mini-Catalog Double Stars Designation Position Rating Map Component Mag Separation P Kappa Pup E h E Eta CMa E h E Dunlop E ! 54 + Cordoba E h E risbane E Pi Pup E Jacob E 3 C D C CD = = h E h E h E h E 1 h E 4 h E 1 Cordoba E 2 h E 1 Jessup E 2 Dunlop E 2 C C C =

54 Designation Position Rating Map Component Mag Separation P os E 2 C Jessup E Cordoba E 5 South E 4 h E 5 h E 4 Cordoba E 4 h E 3 Cordoba E 2 Delta CMa E 1 Hipparcos E 1 os M 1 Howe M 5 h M 2 Jessup M 6 os M 4 La Plata M 6 ur M 3 h M 3 Hipparcos M 1 os M 4 h M 4 C C C C C D E C !! = ! = =

55 Designation Position Rating Map Component Mag Separation P os M = 204 = Jessup D Hipparcos D = Deep Space Objects Specifications Surface Object Position Rating Map Type Mag r Population NGC E 5 Oc (II 3r) NGC E 6 Oc (I 2 r :b) NGC E 1 Oc (III 2r) Collinder E 2 Oc (III 3p) NGC E 6 Oc (II 2p) Herschel E 4 Oc NGC E 4 Oc (III 2m) Collinder E 2 Oc (III 3p) Collinder E 3 Oc (IV 2p) 2.1 NGC M 1 Gal (E) NGC M 4 Oc (I 3m) NGC M 4 Oc (I 3mn) NGC M 4 Oc (I 2m) Ruprecht M 1 Oc (III 2m) Ruprecht M 4 Oc (III 2pn) Ruprecht M 4 Oc (I 1 p) VY CMa M 1 Gn (R) Trumpler M 4 Oc (II 2p) Ruprecht D 1 Oc (III 2p) Sharpless D 4 Gn Ruprecht D 4 Oc (III 1p)