The Frequency of Snowline-region Planets & Free-Floating Planets From 2 nd generation microlensing and beyond

Transcription

1 The Frequency of Snowline-region Planets & Free-Floating Planets From 2 nd generation microlensing and beyond Yossi Shvartzvald NPP@JPL Calen Henderson, Sebastiano Calchi Novati Chas Beichman, Geoff Bryden, Sean Carey, Rachel Akeson, Davy Kirkpatrick, Chris Gelino, David Ciardi

2 Microlensing basics

3 Microlensing basics

4 Microlensing basics Event timescale t M, D, D, E L L S r e l

5 Microlensing basics Event timescale t M, D, D, E L L S r e l 1 d fo r M J 1 h r fo r M

6 Microlensing basics Planet-Star mass ratio q M M P L Planet-Star separation s a r E Skowron+ (2014)

7 Exoplanet Demographics Frequency of cold (snowline) planets Earth mass and below, separations of 1-10 AU Galactic distribution of Exoplanets Both disk and bulge systems, distances of 0-8 kpc Free-floating planets No need for light from the lensing object

8 Snowline planet frequency

9 Snowline planet frequency

10 Snowline planet frequency Snowline scaling with mass: R M L e n s S

11 Second generation microlensing survey Wise Obs., Israel, 1m OGLE, Chile, 1.3m MOA, NZ, 1.8m

12 The generation-ii network Group OGLE MOA WISE

13 sample Sample Anomalous Planetary Events

14 N Frequency Earth Neptune Jupiter Brown dwarfs Mass ratio distribution Two populations, binaries & planets, analogous to the brown dwarf desert Neptunes-mass ratios are ~6 times more common than Jupiters Log (Mass ratio) Shvartzvald+ (2016)

15 N Frequency Earth Neptune Jupiter Brown dwarfs Mass ratio distribution Two populations, binaries & planets, analogous to the brown dwarf desert Neptunes-mass ratios are ~6 times more common than Jupiters Snowline planet frequency: High occurrence of BD companions: ~4% Log (Mass ratio) Shvartzvald+ (2016)

16 3 rd generation microlensing Spergel+ (2015)

17 Free-floating planets

18 Free floating planets Sumi+ (2011)

19 Free floating planets Unbound or distant Jupiters are twice ( common as main sequence stars ) as Sumi+ (2011) Gaudi ARAA (2012)

20 Free floating planets Henderson+ (2016)

21 Free floating planets Keck AO followup distant or unbound? Batista+ (2015)

22 Campaign 9 of Kepler s K2 Mission Joint space- and ground-based microlensing survey

23 Concurrent Ground-based Resources CFHT UKIRT IRTF Keck Subaru WIYN OGLE LCOGT KMTNet LCOGT MiNDSTEp VST SMARTS MiNDSTEp LT MiNDSTEp LCOGT KMTNet LCOGT MiNDSTEp IRSF Wise LCOGT KMTNet LCOGT SkyMapper PLANET MOA Henderson+ (2016) Automated Survey Multiband Monitoring High-cadence Follow-up Near-infrared Source Fluxes

24 Concurrent Ground-based Resources CFHT UKIRT IRTF Keck Subaru WIYN OGLE LCOGT KMTNet LCOGT MiNDSTEp VST SMARTS MiNDSTEp LT MiNDSTEp LCOGT KMTNet LCOGT MiNDSTEp IRSF Wise LCOGT KMTNet LCOGT SkyMapper PLANET MOA Henderson+ (2016) Automated Survey Multiband Monitoring High-cadence Follow-up Near-infrared Source Fluxes

25 Free floating planets Full characterization: Henderson & Shvartzvald (2016)

26 Free floating planets Full characterization: Henderson & Shvartzvald (2016)

27 Campaign 9 of Kepler s K2 Mission

28 Summary Frequency of cold (snowline) planets Earth mass and below, separations of 1-10 AU Galactic distribution of Exoplanets Both disk and bulge systems, distances of 0-8 kpc Free-floating planets No need for light from the lensing object

29 Summary