Light pollution. Quaranta & Cionco Pun. National Aeronautics and Space Administration: NASA

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1 Light pollution Quaranta & Cionco Pun National Aeronautics and Space Administration: NASA

2 Earth Perspectives : Feature, NASA Earth Observatory, https: //earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/earthperspectives/ Naked-Eye Limiting Magnitude NELM Logarithmic 0 αlyr AA BBA B B A

3 p NELM A B SQM SQM Unihedron SQM SQM-LSQM-LU, SQM- LU-DL, SQM-LE, SQM-LR SQM-L SQM SQM-L L with Lens SQM-L National Institute of Standards and Technology NIST mag arcsec. Unihedron SQM-L g SQM-L mag arcsec mag. SQM Full Width at Half MaximumFWHM SQM-L / SQM-L arcsec mag/arcsec mag magnitude arcsec arcsec

4 SQM mag arcsec magnitude Sky and Telescope mag arcsec mag arcsec E The Bortle Dark-Sky Scale p The Bortle Dark-Sky Scale NELM Excellent dark-sky site M Typical truly dark site M

5 Rural sky M Rural/suburban transition M Suburban sky Bright suburban sky MM Suburban/Urban transition City sky Inner-city sky

6 JR km m m m m m JR

7 Google Map SQM-L SQM-L FWHM mag arcsec m mag arcsec mag arcsec

8 mag arcsec mag arcsec mag arcsec Unihedron SQM-L mag arcsec mag arcsec SQM-L SQM-L mag arcsec mag arcsec mag arcsec mag arcsec m

9 mag arcsec

10 e.gmag arcsec CASIO SQM-L SQM-L mag arcsec mag arcsec mag arcsec mag arcsec SQM-L mag arcsec

11 ab mag arcsec mag arcsec SQM-L SQM-L SQM- L with LensSQM-L SQM-L mag arcsec Bortle Dark-Sky Scale SQM-L SQM-L SQM-L

12 PUN Chun Shing Jason SO Chu Wing LEUNG Wai Yan WONG Chung Fai, Contributions of artificial lighting sources on light pollution in Hong Kong measured through a night sky brightness monitoring network, Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer, Volpp QUARANTA Nancy CIONCO Rodolfo Gustavo, Light Pollution as Part of the Environmental Problems, arxiv.orghttps: //arxiv.org/abs/ pp. pp pp pp pp pp. a, http: //hikarigai.net/oldsite/rep/sqml_biseiyonago.pdfnet b, http: //hikarigai.net/oldsite/rep/sqml_biseiyonagopdfnet http: //sscjp/hikarigai/sqm_reppdfhttp: //sscjp/ pp pp. pp pp. CVM pp http: // http: // Astro Photo Club http: // https : // http: // https: // Unihedron http: //

13 http: // NISThttps: // Rate Your Skyglowby Tony Flanders, Sky and Telescopeonline article http: // https: // net http: //hikarigai.net/oldsite/rep/sqml_biseiyonago.pdf Gauging Light Pollution : The Bortle Dark-Sky Scale by John E. Bortle, Sky and Telescopeonline article http: / / www. skyandtelescope. com / astronomy-resources / light-pollution-and-astronomy-the-bortle-dark-skyscale/ http: // Ke! + san by CASIOhttp: //keisan.casio.jp/exec/system/

14 Night Sky of Tokushima: Time Variation of Light Pollution at a Fixed Location TAMURA Kazuyuki and ANDO Toru (Keywords : Light Pollution, Environmental Education, Astronomy Education) In these days, streets of cities and towns are flooded with various lights. These lights provide convenience and security to night time activities. On the other hand, these lights also cause a problem called light pollution, by washing away dimmer stars in the sky. As a result, it is difficult to observe even some well-known constellations in the midst of a huge city. In this paper, we first summarized how to measure the sky brightness by naked eye and using a special tool, Sky Quality Meterwith Lens ; SQM- Land what kind of standards are used world-wide. Then, we measured the actual sky brightness in the April of at a suburb of Tokushima city from sundown till after midnight. We found the SQM-L is very easy to use for people at any age. By observing two nights with days apart, we also found the effect of light from the Moon is somewhat significant. But for both days, we found the sky brightness changes about mag arcsec during our observations. In the future, we would like to propose further observation to figure out how moonlight affects the light pollution as well as the two-dimensional spread of it across Tokushima city, which can be conducted as a part of Environmental Education for primary and junior high school in this area. Basic Human Science for Integrated Studies, Naruto University of Education Planetarium, Asutamuland Tokushima