2 OBSERVING THE SKY: THE BIRTH OF ASTRONOMY
|
|
- Kelly Hensley
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 2 OBSERVING THE SKY: THE BIRTH OF ASTRONOMY The Sky Above Did you ever lie flat on your back in an open field and look up? If so, what did the sky look like? Most people think it appears to look like an upside bowl. Astronomers call that "bowl" the celestial sphere. E W The Sky Above The sky behaves as if the universe is geocentric Stars all lie on celestial sphere Stars appear to move across the sky uniformly E W 3 3 1
2 2.1 The Sky Above Celestial sphere The point directly overhead is called the zenith Horizon: where the celestial sphere meets the earth Four compass points: north, south, east, west E W Looks can be deceiving Sky only appears to move due to Earth's rotation on its axis 24 hours North pole ~ north celestial pole South pole ~ south celestial pole Halfway between the poles on Earth's surface is the equator Celestial equator: projection of equator onto celestial sphere The sky above the North Pole is very different from our sky At the north pole, North Celestial Pole is directly overhead Celestial equator is parallel to the horizon 6 6 2
3 2.1 The view is also very different at the equator At the equator, Celestial equator passes overhead North Celestial Pole on the northern horizon South Celestial Pole on the southern horizon The sky above Long Island is in between these two extremes On Long Island, North Celestial Pole is 40 degrees off the northern horizon = latitude Celestial equator is 50 degrees off the southern horizon The sky actually consists of several "parts" 9 9 3
4 2.1 As the Earth turns, the whole sky appears to pivot around the celestial pole Most stars rise in the east and set in the west Some never rise or set, but always visible Circumpolar Right now, Polaris is at the NCP. Not always, as we will see later Circumpolar constellations Ursa Major, Cassiopeia, Ursa Minor circumpolar constellations from our latitude All stars north of the celestial equator are circumpolar from the North Pole No stars are circumpolar from the equator Rising and Setting of the Sun Motion of the Sun The Sun does more than just rise and set, it also appears to move eastward among the stars Stars are there, even though we can't see them because of sunlight scattered in our atmosphere Sun completely circles the celestial sphere in 1 year
5 2.1 The Sky Above Motion of the Sun Sun completely circles the celestial sphere in 1 year Therefore, different stars are visible during different seasons The Sun always follows the same path Motion of the Sun Sun always follows the ecliptic. The Sun is not moving -- we are Ecliptic is actually the plane of Earth's orbit around the Sun The Ecliptic does not lie along the celestial equator The Ecliptic does not lie along the celestial equator, but is tilted at 23.5 degrees
6 2.1 The Moon and planets always lie near the ecliptic Moon and planets ("wanderers") can vary a little above or below in a zone called the zodiac ("zoo"), since all but one are living creatures. 12 "signs" or, more correctly, constellations Trivia: which is not alive? There are pictures in the stars! Constellations: star drawings Formed by our ancestors Egyptians Greeks Sumerians Chinese Today, sky is divided into 88 official constellations Designated by International Astronomical Union Think streets in a town Streets connect houses, but there is much more land in a town than just that Seasonal constellations Circumpolar constellations Big Dipper, Cassiopeia, Little Dipper: circumpolar constellations from our latitude All stars north of the celestial equator are circumpolar from the North Pole No stars are circumpolar from the equator
7 2.1 Asterisms are unofficial patterns that are easily recognizable Examples: Big Dipper Little Dipper Winter Football of Stars Summer Triangle Great Square of Pegasus Ancient Astronomy Astronomy: oldest science? Babylonians, Sumerians, Assyrians, Egyptians knew the length of the year Egyptians had a 365 day calendar Kept track of the rising time of the bright star Sirius in the predawn sky, which coincided with the flooding of the Nile and the hottest days of the year (dog days of summer) Astronomy: oldest science? Mayans in Central America had a sophisticated calendar based on the appearances of the planet Venus 500 BC: eastern Mediterranean cultures knew Earth was round Evidence: shadow of Earth on Moon during a lunar eclipse is always round Also, as travelers went north or south, different stars are visible at night
8 2.2 How Big is Earth? Eratosthenes Greek astronomermathematician living in Alexandria, Egypt: 200 BC Measured earth's diameter Answer was very close to modern value Earth s Place in the Universe Ptolemy Egyptian astronomer: 140 AD Compiled a monumental work called the Almagest ("the Greatest") Main source of info on Greek astronomy Set up the geocentric universe Earth Geocentric versus Heliocentric Universe
9 2.2 Hipparchus was one of the greatest ancient astronomers -25 Sun (-26) Cataloged 850 stars seen with the naked eye Assigned them a set of coordinates and divided them into categories based on their apparent brightness -- magnitudes Brightest were labeled 1st mag, then 2nd, etc. to 6th mag Naked-eye limits Inner city (0) Outer city (+2) Suburbs (+4) Rural (+6) Full Moon (-13) Venus (-4) Jupiter (-2) Sirius (-1.4) Vega (0) Polaris (+2) M31 (+4) 50-mm binoculars (+9) M57 (+9) inch telescope (+13) Pluto (+13) 10-inch telescope (+14) 30-inch telescope (+16) inch Hale telescope (+22) 394-inch Keck telescopes (+29) Hubble Space Telescope (+30) Hipparchus also discovered that the Earth wobbles like a top Precession Celestial poles trace a circle among the stars over 26,000 years Caused by the gravity of the Sun and Moon pulling at our equatorial bulge Thuban - north star in 3,000 BC Vega - north star in 14,000 AD Astrology and astronomy were once one and the same Ancient origins -- Babylonians about 2,000 BC Greeks absorbed Babylonian culture, bringing along astrology Natal astrology: belief that planets affect personalities and fortune Zodiac: 12 sectors or signs System set up over 2,000 years ago Since then, precession! All signs off by one constellation Therefore, during Aries (Mar 21- Apr 20), the Sun is actually in Pisces
10 2.3 There are no known "invisible" forces that could affect a person Astrologers argue that there must be unknown forces at work, but where is the evidence of their existence? Based on moment of birth. What about moment of conception? Would you be a different person if you were born a few hours earlier or later? See "Testing Astrology" in textbook Copernicus marked the birth of modern astronomy Polish astronomer, 16 th century Devised the heliocentric universe Better explained motions of the planets -- much simpler than geocentric BUT one objection was if the Earth were moving, why don't we feel the motion? Answer: everything is moving at the same speed, so the relative motion is canceled out Galileo was the father of experimental science Before Galileo, everything was based on reason, not necessarily testing of theories First to use a telescope to observe the night sky Discovered: Craters on the Moon Moons going around Jupiter Phases of Venus There were more stars in the sky than could be seen with the eye alone
11 2.4 Birth of Modern Astronomy Galileo Phases of Venus Ptolemy versus Copernicus Birth of Modern Astronomy Galileo wrote a book that proclaimed his observations as law Church argued that Galileo was a heretic and threw him in jail for his proclaiming a heliocentric solar system Pope John Paul II finally said that the Church was wrong about Galileo in 1992! Celestial Sphere Celestial Equator Celestial Pole Circumpolar Horizon Geocentric universe Heliocentric universe Chapter 2 Review Words to know Zenith Rotation Revolution Zodiac Constellation Asterism Magnitude 33 Famous dead astronomers Ptolemy Hipparchus Eratosthenes Copernicus Galileo 33 11
WHAT ARE THE CONSTELLATIONS
CONSTELLATIONS WHAT ARE THE CONSTELLATIONS In popular usage, the term constellation is used to denote a recognizable grouping of stars. Astronomers have redefined the constellations as 88 regions of the
More informationLecture 2: Motions of the Earth and Moon. Astronomy 111 Wednesday August 30, 2017
Lecture 2: Motions of the Earth and Moon Astronomy 111 Wednesday August 30, 2017 Reminders Online homework #1 due Monday at 3pm Labs start next week Motions of the Earth ASTR111 Lecture 2 Observation:
More informationPHYS 160 Astronomy Test #1 Name Answer Key Test Version A
PHYS 160 Astronomy Test #1 Name Answer Key Test Version A True False Multiple Choice 1. T 1. C 2. F 2. B 3. T 3. A 4. T 4. E 5. T 5. B 6. F 6. A 7. F 7. A 8. T 8. D 9. F 9. D 10. F 10. B 11. B 12. D Definitions
More informationName: Class: Date: ID: A
Name: Class: _ Date: _ Astro Quiz 2 (ch2) Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Star A has an apparent visual magnitude of 13.4 and star B has
More informationGuidepost. Chapter 2 A User s Guide to the Sky. Constellations Constellations (2) 8/27/2015. Outline. Outline (continued)
Chapter 2 A User s Guide to the Sky Guidepost Astronomy is about us. As we learn about astronomy, we learn about ourselves. We search for an answer to the question What are we? The quick answer is that
More informationCHAPTER 2 A USER'S GUIDE TO THE SKY
CHAPTER 2 A USER'S GUIDE TO THE SKY MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Seen from the northern latitudes (mid-northern hemisphere), the star Polaris a. is never above the horizon during the day. b. always sets directly
More informationIntroduction to the sky
Introduction to the sky On a clear, moonless night, far from city lights, the night sky is magnificent. Roughly 2000 stars are visible to the unaided eye. If you know where to look, you can see Mercury,
More informationToday in Space News: Earth s oldest rock found on the Moon.
Today in Space News: Earth s oldest rock found on the Moon https://www.lpi.usra.edu/features/012419/oldest-rock/ Study Points Predict the approximate time of day/night you should look for first quarter
More informationCHAPTER 2 A USER'S GUIDE TO THE SKY
CHAPTER 2 A USER'S GUIDE TO THE SKY MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. In one way of naming stars, a letter indicates its brightness relative to the other stars in the constellation. a. English b. Arabic c. Greek d. Cyrillic
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Exam 1 Physics 101 Fall 2014 Chapters 1-3 Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Suppose we look at a photograph of many galaxies.
More informationChapter 1: Discovering the Night Sky. The sky is divided into 88 unequal areas that we call constellations.
Chapter 1: Discovering the Night Sky Constellations: Recognizable patterns of the brighter stars that have been derived from ancient legends. Different cultures have associated the patterns with their
More informationIt s Full of Stars! Outline. A Sky Full of Stars. Astronomy 210. lights), about how many stars can we see with
Astronomy 210 Section 1 MWF 1500-1550 134 Astronomy Building Leslie Looney Phone: 244-3615 Email: lwlw@wuiucw. wedu Office: Astro Building #218 Office Hours: MTF 10:30-11:30 a.m. or by appointment This
More informationA User s Guide to the Sky
A User s Guide to the Sky Constellations Betelgeuse Rigel Stars are named by a Greek letter ( ) according to their relative brightness within a given constellation plus the possessive form of the name
More informationChapter 2 Discovering the Universe for Yourself
Chapter 2 Discovering the Universe for Yourself 2.1 Patterns in the Night Sky Our goals for learning: What does the universe look like from Earth? Why do stars rise and set? Why do the constellations we
More informationConstellations In ancient times, constellations only referred to the brightest stars that appeared to form groups, representing mythological figures.
Chapter 2: The Sky Constellations In ancient times, constellations only referred to the brightest stars that appeared to form groups, representing mythological figures. Constellations Today, constellations
More informationSCIENCE 9 CHAPTER 10 SECTION 1
SCIENCE 9 CHAPTER 10 SECTION 1 Observing the Stars (pp. 352-365) Celestial Bodies Celestial body: a natural object in space, such as the Sun, the Moon, a planet, or a star Star: a celestial body of hot
More informationBenefit of astronomy to ancient cultures
Benefit of astronomy to ancient cultures Usefulness as a tool to predict the weather (seasons) Usefulness as a tool to tell time (sundials) Central Africa (6500 B.C.) Alignments Many ancient cultures built
More informationDiscovering the Night Sky
Discovering the Night Sky Guiding Questions 1. What role did astronomy play in ancient civilizations? 2. Are the stars that make up a constellation actually close to one another? 3. Are the same stars
More informationDiscovering the Night Sky
Guiding Questions Discovering the Night Sky 1. What role did astronomy play in ancient civilizations? 2. Are the stars that make up a constellation actually close to one another? 3. Are the same stars
More informationChapter 2 Lecture. The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition. Discovering the Universe for Yourself Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 2 Lecture The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition Discovering the Universe for Yourself Discovering the Universe for Yourself 2.1 Patterns in the Night Sky Our goals for learning: What does the
More informationObserving the Universe for Yourself
Observing the Universe for Yourself Figure 6-20 Solar-System Formation What does the universe look like from Earth? With the naked eye, we can see more than 2,000 stars as well as the Milky Way. A constellation
More informationThe Birth of Astronomy. Lecture 3 1/24/2018
The Birth of Astronomy Lecture 3 1/24/2018 Fundamental Questions of Astronomy (life?) What is the shape of the Earth? How big is the planet we live on? Why do the stars move across the sky? Where is Earth
More informationChapter 2 Discovering the Universe for Yourself. What does the universe look like from Earth? Constellations. 2.1 Patterns in the Night Sky
Chapter 2 Discovering the Universe for Yourself 2.1 Patterns in the Night Sky Our goals for learning: What does the universe look like from Earth? Why do stars rise and set? Why do the constellations we
More informationChapter 2 Discovering the Universe for Yourself
Chapter 2 Discovering the Universe for Yourself 2.1 Patterns in the Night Sky Our goals for learning: What does the universe look like from Earth? Why do stars rise and set? Why do the constellations we
More informationSpace Notes Covers Objectives 1 & 2
Space Notes Covers Objectives 1 & 2 Space Introduction Space Introduction Video Celestial Bodies Refers to a natural object out in space 1) Stars 2) Comets 3) Moons 4) Planets 5) Asteroids Constellations
More informationConstellations and Asterisms
Constellations and Asterisms Constellations When ancient people looked at the sky they saw patterns and gave names to apparent groups of stars. Constellation patterns have been found on tablets over 4000
More informationKnowing the Heavens. Chapter Two. Guiding Questions. Naked-eye (unaided-eye) astronomy had an important place in ancient civilizations
Knowing the Heavens Chapter Two Guiding Questions 1. What role did astronomy play in ancient civilizations? 2. Are the stars that make up a constellation actually close to one another? 3. Are the same
More informationSummary Sheet #1 for Astronomy Main Lesson
Summary Sheet #1 for Astronomy Main Lesson From our perspective on earth The earth appears flat. We can see half the celestial sphere at any time. The earth s axis is always perpendicular to the equator.
More informationThe. Astronomy is full of cycles. Like the day, the month, & the year In this section we will try to understand these cycles.
Understanding The Sky Astronomy is full of cycles Like the day, the month, & the year In this section we will try to understand these cycles. For Example Why do we think of stars as nighttime objects?
More informationchapter 10 questions_pictures removed.notebook September 28, 2017 Chapter 10 What We Know About the Universe Has Taken Us Thousands of Years to Learn
1. Define Star (Pg 352) Chapter 10 What We Know About the Universe Has Taken Us Thousands of Years to Learn A celestial body of hot gases with a nuclear furnace at its core that makes its own thermal energy.
More informationD. A system of assumptions and principles applicable to a wide range of phenomena that has been repeatedly verified
ASTRONOMY 1 EXAM 1 Name Identify Terms - Matching (20 @ 1 point each = 20 pts.) 1 Solar System G 7. aphelion N 14. eccentricity M 2. Planet E 8. apparent visual magnitude R 15. empirical Q 3. Star P 9.
More informationPHYSICS 107. Lecture 4 Ancient Astronomy
PHYSICS 107 Lecture 4 Ancient Astronomy Introduction Astronomy is the oldest science. There are astronomical artifacts going back 8000 years. Many ancient cultures on every continent seem to have had examples
More information1-2. What is the name given to the path of the Sun as seen from Earth? a.) Equinox b.) Celestial equator c.) Solstice d.) Ecliptic
Chapter 1 1-1. How long does it take the Earth to orbit the Sun? a.) one sidereal day b.) one month c.) one year d.) one hour 1-2. What is the name given to the path of the Sun as seen from Earth? a.)
More informationPHYS 160 Astronomy Test #1 Fall 2017 Version B
PHYS 160 Astronomy Test #1 Fall 2017 Version B 1 I. True/False (1 point each) Circle the T if the statement is true, or F if the statement is false on your answer sheet. 1. An object has the same weight,
More informationPlanets & The Origin of Science
Planets & The Origin of Science Reading: Chapter 2 Required: Guided Discovery (p.44-47) Required: Astro. Toolbox 2-1 Optional: Astro. Toolbox 2-2, 2-3 Next Homework Due. Sept. 26 Office Hours: Monday,
More informationFoundations of Astronomy The scientific method-winning or losing?
Foundations of Astronomy The scientific method-winning or losing? Geodorno Bruno Warned to stop teaching heretical sun-centered solar system of Copernicus. Failed to heed church warnings during inquisition
More informationChapter 2 Discovering the Universe for Yourself. Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 2 Discovering the Universe for Yourself 1 2.1 Patterns in the Night Sky Our goals for learning: What does the universe look like from Earth? Why do stars rise and set? Why do the constellations
More informationScience : Introduction to Astronomy. Lecture 2 : Visual Astronomy -- Stars and Planets. Robert Fisher
Science 3210 001 : Introduction to Astronomy Lecture 2 : Visual Astronomy -- Stars and Planets Robert Fisher Items Add/Drop Day Office Hours Vote 5 PM Tuesday 5 PM Thursday 12 Noon Friday Course Webpage
More informationBrock University. Test 1, September 2014 Number of pages: 9 Course: ASTR 1P01 Number of Students: 500 Date of Examination: September 29, 2014
Brock University Test 1, September 2014 Number of pages: 9 Course: ASTR 1P01 Number of Students: 500 Date of Examination: September 29, 2014 Number of hours: 50 min Time of Examination: 18:00 18:50 Instructor:
More information4.6 Stars. Star Patterns
4.6 Stars Star Patterns If you have ever looked up at the night sky in winter, you probably would recognize the pattern of stars below. The Ancient Greeks named this pattern of stars Orion, after the giant
More informationAstronomy- The Original Science
Astronomy- The Original Science Imagine that it is 5,000 years ago. Clocks and modern calendars have not been invented. How would you tell time or know what day it is? One way to tell the time is to study
More informationAppearance of the Sky Orientation Motion of sky Seasons Precession (?)
Today Appearance of the Sky Orientation Motion of sky Seasons Precession (?) The Celestial Sphere Stars at different distances all appear to lie on the celestial sphere. The ecliptic is the Sun s apparent
More informationThe Sky. Day sky: the Sun, occasionally the Moon. Night Sky: stars, and sometimes the Moon
The Sky Day sky: the Sun, occasionally the Moon Night Sky: stars, and sometimes the Moon So MANY objects.how Do We Make Sense of it ALL?? Goal How to describe the locations of objects in the sky To understand
More information12.1. The Night Sky. Earth s Motions
12.1 The Night Sky LEARNING TIP Skim Section 12.1. Consider information gathered from the title, headings, figures, and words in bold. What do you expect to learn in this section? Astronomy is the branch
More informationBrock University. Test 1, May 2014 Number of pages: 9 Course: ASTR 1P01 Number of Students: 500 Date of Examination: May 21, 2014
Brock University Test 1, May 2014 Number of pages: 9 Course: ASTR 1P01 Number of Students: 500 Date of Examination: May 21, 2014 Number of hours: 50 min Time of Examination: 14:00 14:50 Instructor: B.Mitrović
More informationAST 2010 Descriptive Astronomy Study Guide Exam I
AST 2010 Descriptive Astronomy Study Guide Exam I Wayne State University 1 Introduction and overview Identify the most significant structures in the universe: Earth, planets, Sun, solar system, stars,
More informationEarly history of astronomy. Early history of astronomy. Positions in the sky. Lecture 3: The Sun & Constellations
Lecture 3: The Sun & Constellations Professor Kenny L. Tapp Early history of astronomy Birth of modern astronomy Noted scientist Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) Ushered in new astronomy Planets revolve around
More informationChapter 2. The Rise of Astronomy. Copyright (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Chapter 2 The Rise of Astronomy Copyright (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Periods of Western Astronomy Western astronomy divides into 4 periods Prehistoric
More informationThe Nature of Stars. The Nature of Stars
The Nature of Stars The total number of stars is beyond our ability to count Only a few stars have been studied in detail. To understand the nature of stars, we will compare and catalog the stars by: Physical
More informationChapter 2 Lecture. The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition. Discovering the Universe for Yourself
Chapter 2 Lecture The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition Discovering the Universe for Yourself Discovering the Universe for Yourself 2.1 Patterns in the Night Sky Our goals for learning: What does the
More informationBrock University. Test 1, October 2016 Number of pages: 9 Course: ASTR 1P01 Number of Students: 500 Date of Examination: October 3, 2016
Brock University Test 1, October 2016 Number of pages: 9 Course: ASTR 1P01 Number of Students: 500 Date of Examination: October 3, 2016 Number of hours: 50 min Time of Examination: 17:00 17:50 Instructor:
More informationAstronomy 1010 Planetary Astronomy Sample Questions for Exam 1
Astronomy 1010 Planetary Astronomy Sample Questions for Exam 1 Chapter 1 1. A scientific hypothesis is a) a wild, baseless guess about how something works. b) a collection of ideas that seems to explain
More informationASTRONOMY. Chapter 2 OBSERVING THE SKY: THE BIRTH OF ASTRONOMY PowerPoint Image Slideshow
ASTRONOMY Chapter 2 OBSERVING THE SKY: THE BIRTH OF ASTRONOMY PowerPoint Image Slideshow FIGURE 2.1 Night Sky. In this panoramic photograph of the night sky from the Atacama Desert in Chile, we can see
More informationRemember that for one of your observing projects you can go to a star party (stargazing). This is available at the Lawrence Hall of Science every 1st
Observing Project Remember that for one of your observing projects you can go to a star party (stargazing). This is available at the Lawrence Hall of Science every 1st and 3rd Saturday of the month. For
More information2. Knowing the Heavens
2. Knowing the Heavens Ancient naked-eye astronomy Eighty-eight constellations The sky s ever-changing appearance The celestial sphere Celestial coordinates Seasons: Earth s axial tilt Precession of Earth
More informationIntroduction To Modern Astronomy I: Solar System
ASTR 111 003 Fall 2007 Lecture 02 Sep. 10, 2007 Introduction To Modern Astronomy I: Solar System Introducing Astronomy (chap. 1-6) Planets and Moons (chap. 7-15) Chap. 16: Our Sun Chap. 28: Search for
More informationPrecession and The Celestial Poles
1 Precession and The Celestial Poles The North Celestial Pole lies overhead for an observer at the North Pole and on the horizon for an observer on the Equator The altitude of the pole equals your latitude.
More informationAnnouncements. Topics To Be Covered in this Lecture
Announcements! Tonight s observing session is cancelled (due to clouds)! the next one will be one week from now, weather permitting! The 2 nd LearningCurve activity was due earlier today! Assignment 2
More informationUpon Whose Shoulders We Stand: A History of Astronomy Up to 200 A.D. Dick Mallot 3/17/2005
Upon Whose Shoulders We Stand: A History of Astronomy Up to 200 A.D. Dick Mallot 3/17/2005 Who were these ancient astronomers? Where did real astronomy begin? What did we know about astronomy 2000+ years
More information3) During retrograde motion a planet appears to be A) dimmer than usual. B) the same brightness as usual C) brighter than usual.
Descriptive Astronomy (ASTR 108) Exam 1 B February 17, 2010 Name: In each of the following multiple choice questions, select the best possible answer. In the line on the scan sheet corresponding to the
More information1) Kepler's third law allows us to find the average distance to a planet from observing its period of rotation on its axis.
Descriptive Astronomy (ASTR 108) Exam 1 A February 17, 2010 Name: In each of the following multiple choice questions, select the best possible answer. In the line on the scan sheet corresponding to the
More information1. The Moon appears larger when it rises than when it is high in the sky because
2-1 Copyright 2016 All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of 1. The Moon appears larger when it rises than when it is high in the sky because A. you are
More informationHow the Greeks Used Geometry to Understand the Stars
previous index next How the Greeks Used Geometry to Understand the Stars Michael Fowler, University of Virginia 9/16/2008 Crystal Spheres: Plato, Eudoxus, Aristotle Plato, with his belief that the world
More informationName: Exam 1, 9/30/05
Multiple Choice: Select the choice that best answers each question. Write your choice in the blank next to each number. (2 points each) 1. At the North Pole in mid-november, the sun rises at a. North of
More informationIntro to Astronomy. Looking at Our Space Neighborhood
Intro to Astronomy Looking at Our Space Neighborhood Astronomy: The Original Science Ancient cultures used the movement of stars, planets and the moon to mark time Astronomy: the study of the universe
More informationAppearance of the Sky Orientation Motion of sky Seasons Precession (?)
Today Appearance of the Sky Orientation Motion of sky Seasons Precession (?) The Celestial Sphere Stars at different distances all appear to lie on the celestial sphere. The ecliptic is the Sun s apparent
More information6/17. Universe from Smallest to Largest:
6/17 Universe from Smallest to Largest: 1. Quarks and Leptons fundamental building blocks of the universe size about 0 (?) importance: quarks combine together to form neutrons and protons. One of the leptons
More informationMotions in the Sky. Stars Planets Sun Moon. Photos - APOD. Motions in the Sky - I. Intro to Solar System
Motions in the Sky Stars Planets Sun Moon Photos - APOD 1 STARS: background for motion of other objects patterns - constellations zodiac: special set of constellations trace the apparent path of the Sun
More information3. The International Astronomical Union established 88 constellations that represent a defined area of the sky. a. True
True / False 1. The constellations are an ancient heritage handed down for thousands of years as ways to tell stories of mythical heroes and monsters. True 2. In ancient times, constellation boundaries
More informationBrock University. Test 1, October 2017 Number of pages: 9 Course: ASTR 1P01, Section 1 Number of Students: 470 Date of Examination: October 3, 2017
Brock University Test 1, October 2017 Number of pages: 9 Course: ASTR 1P01, Section 1 Number of Students: 470 Date of Examination: October 3, 2017 Number of hours: 50 min Time of Examination: 17:00 17:50
More informationWas Ptolemy Pstupid?
Was Ptolemy Pstupid? Why such a silly title for today s lecture? Sometimes we tend to think that ancient astronomical ideas were stupid because today we know that they were wrong. But, while their models
More information8.9 Observing Celestial Objects from Earth
8.9 Observing Celestial Objects from Earth Celestial objects are visible from Earth both by day and by night. In the daytime you can see the Sun and, sometimes, the Moon. Looking up at the night sky on
More informationLecture 3: History of Astronomy. Astronomy 111 Monday September 4, 2017
Lecture 3: History of Astronomy Astronomy 111 Monday September 4, 2017 Reminders Labs start this week Homework #2 assigned today Astronomy of the ancients Many ancient cultures took note of celestial objects
More information2. Modern: A constellation is a region in the sky. Every object in the sky, whether we can see it or not, is part of a constellation.
6/14 10. Star Cluster size about 10 14 to 10 17 m importance: where stars are born composed of stars. 11. Galaxy size about 10 21 m importance: provide a stable environment for stars. Composed of stars.
More informationAcross the Universe. By Gabrielle Sierra
Across the Universe By Gabrielle Sierra Our universe is an amazing place. Since prehistoric days, inquisitive minds have been wondering about the celestial objects that surround our planet, and today scientists
More information1. The constellations are an ancient heritage handed down for thousands of years as ways to tell stories of mythical heroes and monsters. a.
Solar System 9th Edition Seeds TEST BANK Full clear download (no formatting errors) at: https://testbankreal.com/download/solar-system-9th-edition-seeds-test-bank/ Solar System 9th Edition Seeds SOLUTIONS
More informationHistory of Astronomy. Historical People and Theories
History of Astronomy Historical People and Theories Plato Believed he could solve everything through reasoning. Circles and Spheres are good because they are perfect (never ending) and pleasing to the
More informationSky, Celestial Sphere and Constellations
Sky, Celestial Sphere and Constellations Last lecture Galaxies are the main building blocks of the universe. Consists of few billions to hundreds of billions of stars, gas clouds (nebulae), star clusters,
More informationExercise 3: The history of astronomy
Astronomy 100 Name(s): Exercise 3: The history of astronomy In the previous exercise, you saw how the passage of time is intimately related to the motion of celestial objects. This, of course, led many
More informationName and Student ID Section Day/Time:
AY2 - Overview of the Universe - Midterm #1 - Instructor: Maria F. Duran Name and Student ID Section Day/Time: 1) Imagine we ve discovered a planet orbiting another star at 1 AU every 6 months. The planet
More informationAnnouncements. Homework 1 posted on Compass
Announcements Homework 1 posted on Compass Ordinarily due by classtime next Friday Jan 27, but HW1 available on Compass until Jan 30 can submit answers for score more than once: persistence pays off! Register
More informationObjectives. Duration: one week
Objectives At the conclusion of the lesson, students will be able to: 1. Analyze data to describe the motion of the sun including equinox and solstice paths in the sky for an Ancient Culture 2. Use alt-azimuth
More informationQuestion 1. What motion is responsible for the apparent motion of the constellations (east to west) across the sky?
What motion is responsible for the apparent motion of the constellations (east to west) across the sky? Question 1 1) the motion of Earth around the Sun 2) the motion of the Moon around Earth 3) the motion
More informationReview of previous concepts!! Earth s orbit: Year, seasons, observed constellations, Polaris (North star), day/night lengths, equinoxes
Review of previous concepts!! Earth s orbit: Year, seasons, observed constellations, Polaris (North star), day/night lengths, equinoxes Celestial poles, celestial equator, ecliptic, ecliptic plane (Fig
More informationUnit 6 Lesson 1 How Do the Sun, Earth, and Moon Interact? Copyright Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 6 Lesson 1 How Do the Sun, Earth, and Moon Interact? Night and Day Earth rotates, or turns like a top. Earth s rotation causes day and night. Earth rotates around an imaginary line called an axis,
More informationPlanets & The Origin of Science
Planets & The Origin of Science Reading: Chapter 2 Required: Guided Discovery (p.44-47) Required: Astro. Toolbox 2-1 Optional: Astro. Toolbox 2-2, 2-3 Next Homework Due. Feb. 26 Office Hours: Monday, 12-2
More informationA100 Exploring the Universe: The Invention of Science. Martin D. Weinberg UMass Astronomy
A100 Exploring the Universe: The Invention of Science Martin D. Weinberg UMass Astronomy astron100-mdw@courses.umass.edu September 09, 2014 Read: Chap 3 09/09/14 slide 1 Problem Set #1: due this afternoon
More informationAstronomy 120 Winter 2005 Highlights of Astronomy. First Midterm Examination
Astronomy 120 Winter 2005 Highlights of Astronomy First Midterm Examination Name: MULTIPLE CHOICE: Choose the one best answer from among the five choices for each of the following 6 questions. Each correct
More informationWednesday, January 28
Ptolemy to Copernicus Wednesday, January 28 Astronomy of the ancients Many ancient cultures took note of celestial objects and celestial lphenomena. They noted tdcertain ti patterns in the heavens and
More informationPractice Exam #3. Part 1: The Circumpolar Constellations
Practice Exam #3 2002 Ann Bykerk-Kauffman, Dept. of Geological and Environmental Sciences, California State University, Chico * Some Comments on the Real Exam This exam covers all material related to astronomy.
More informationThe Earth and the Sky
The Earth and the Sky In this class, we want to understand why the objects in the sky as seen from the Earth - appear as they do. Even though we haven t yet discussed the details, I am assuming that there
More informationKnowing the Heavens. Goals: Constellations in the Sky
Goals: Knowing the Heavens To see how the sky changes during a night and from night to night. To measure the positions of stars in celestial coordinates. To understand the cause of the seasons. Constellations
More informationAstronomy 103: First Exam
Name: Astronomy 103: First Exam Stephen Lepp September 21, 2010 Each question is worth 2 points. Write your name on this exam and on the scantron. Short Answer Mercury What is the closest Planet to the
More informationKnowing the Heavens. Goals: Constellations in the Sky
Goals: Knowing the Heavens To see how the sky changes during a night and from night to night. To measure the positions of stars in celestial coordinates. To understand the cause of the seasons. Constellations
More informationPhysics Lab #4: Learning Starry Night, Part 3
Physics 10293 Lab #4: Learning Starry Night, Part 3 Introduction In this lab, we will continue using Starry Night to explore some of the most important concepts we will cover in lecture. Continue with
More informationExploring the Night Sky
Lincoln Hills Astronomy Group Exploring the Night Sky October 14, 2009 1 Lincoln Hills Astronomy Group Exploring the Night Sky Objectives Learn how to locate and identify objects in the night sky using
More informationToday FIRST HOMEWORK DUE. Ancient Astronomy. Competing Cosmologies. Geocentric vs. Heliocentric. Ptolemy vs. copernicus.
Today FIRST HOMEWORK DUE Ancient Astronomy Competing Cosmologies Geocentric vs. Heliocentric Ptolemy vs. copernicus Retrograde Motion Phases of Venus Galileo 1 3.1 The Ancient Roots of Science Our goals
More information1UNIT. The Universe. What do you remember? Key language. Content objectives
1UNIT The Universe What do you remember? What are the points of light in this photo? What is the difference between a star and a planet? a moon and a comet? Content objectives In this unit, you will Learn
More informationAstronomy is the oldest science! Eclipses. In ancient times the sky was not well understood! Bad Omens? Comets
Astronomy is the oldest science! In ancient times the sky was not well understood! Eclipses Bad Omens? Comets 1 The Ancient Greeks The Scientific Method Our ideas must always be consistent with our observations!
More informationTest 1 Review Chapter 1 Our place in the universe
Test 1 Review Bring Gator 1 ID card Bring pencil #2 with eraser No use of calculator or any electronic device during the exam We provide the scantrons Formulas will be projected on the screen You can use
More information