Data for Best Viewing of the Planets July 15, 2018

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1 Data for Best Viewing of the Planets July 15, 2018 Traditionally, the best time to view a planet was reckoned to be when it was at opposition the time when the line from the Sun to the Earth extended closest to the planet. This works well for the outer planets (Mars and beyond). But, for the inner planets, Mercury and Venus, the traditional event was the time of the greatest elongation or separation (there is a slight difference here). The separation is the angle from Sun-center to Earth-center to planet-center. However, for an observer on Earth, an inner planet is visible only from the time the sky is dark enough before sunrise after the planet has risen, or dark enough after sunset before the planet sets. The geometry for this is highly dependent on the observer s location. Listed below are the times when the Sun is six degrees below the horizon for an observer at the Hidden Valley Observatory in Rapid City, South Dakota, and when the elevation of Mercury or Venus above the horizon is greater than the preceding and following days. This information is specific to the location, but illustrative of the sad fact that maximum separation does not always equate to a good view. The date and time are in Mountain Standard Time (add one hour when daylight savings time is needed). The dates and times for the greatest separation, or opposition, are listed in UTC (subtract 7 hours for MST), but typically the view a day or two earlier or later isn t much different. Next, the visual magnitude is listed with 1 equivalent to a bright star, 2 equivalent to a less bright star, and so on. A magnitude of zero, or negative, indicates a greater brightness. A magnitude of 5 or 6 indicates an object that will require a very dark and clear sky, or a telescope. The apparent distance (Earth center to planet center) is listed in Astronomical Units, along with the visual diameter of the planet in seconds of arc (3600 = 1 degree). The declination is listed in degrees as a guide to how favorably the planet will be located in the sky. As a general rule for observers in the Northern Hemisphere, the view of a celestial object is better when the declination is greater, and not so good when it is negative; in the Southern Hemisphere this is reversed. For the inferior planets Mercury and Venus, the separation angle between the Sun and the planet is listed in degrees, and whether the planet can be viewed in the morning before sunrise, or in the evening after sunset is indicated.

2 The superior planets (Mars and beyond) are best viewed when at opposition (i.e. when the planet is 180 degrees away from the Sun (as measured in latitude around the celestial equator). At that time the planet is highest in the sky at midnight, and should be above the horizon most of the night (or all of the night). The brightness of a particular superior planet at opposition is not a constant because planetary orbits (including Earth s) are not perfect circles, so the distance from Sun to planet, and planet to Earth are not usually the same from one opposition to another. Therefore, the best view of a planet in one year may be better or worse than in another year. Mercury highest above horizon at HVO at 6-degree twilight Date MST Elev. mag. Decl. Seprtn 12/28/ :55: /15/ :28: /26/ :21: /02/ :15: /28/ :42: /10/ :02: /12/ :46: /27/ :07: /03/ :02: /16/ :14: /12/ :21: /20/ :30: /27/ :31: /11/ :46: /14/ :37: /30/ :03: /26/ :01: /24/ :14: /10/ :12: /25/ :25: /25/ :07: /14/ :45: /10/ :44: /02/ :56: /25/ :51: /09/ :05: /08/ :32: /28/ :24: /24/ :34: /14/ :30: /09/ :32: /24/ :52: /23/ :48: /11/ :01: /07/ :35: /28/ :55: /23/ :12:

3 12/08/ :47: /07/ :55: /24/ :39: /14/ :54: /10/ :11: /06/ :53: /20/ :53: /21/ :52: /08/ :19: /15/ :39: /25/ :16: /21/ :33: /01/ :12: /05/ :40: /20/ :58: /25/ :18: /09/ :11: /05/ :13: /09/ :47: /20/ :23: /04/ :37: /07/ :51: /24/ :56: /20/ :54: /15/ :32: /04/ :03: /19/ :16: /18/ :19: /07/ :36: /03/ :39: /24/ :11: /18/ :43: /02/ :59: /01/ :39: /20/ :14: /17/ :33: /06/ :42: /02/ :24: /17/ :48: /16/ :52: /03/ :52: /29/ :39: /20/ :03: /16/ :04: /01/ :48: /31/ :55: /18/ :31: /01/ :13: /04/ :15: /31/ :45: /13/ :59: /15/ :48: /01/ :11: /05/ :56: /18/ :15: /14/ :25:

4 10/23/ :24: /28/ :33: /12/ :48: /17/ :32: /02/ :06: /29/ :05: /28/ :07: /13/ :15: /28/ :28: /28/ :02: /17/ :48: /13/ :47: /05/ :50: /27/ :54: /12/ :09: /11/ :28: /01/ :28: /27/ :35: /17/ :25: /11/ :34: /27/ :54: /26/ :46: /13/ :05: /09/ :34: /30/ :51: /24/ :15: /10/ :47: /09/ :55: /27/ :43: /18/ :49: /13/ :09: /08/ :55: /23/ :51: /24/ :53: /11/ :23: /19/ :32: /27/ :16: /24/ :37: /04/ :08: /08/ :43: /22/ :01: /28/ :13: /12/ :12: /08/ :17: /14/ :39: /22/ :25: /06/ :39: /09/ :46: /26/ :59: /22/ :57: /18/ :25: /05/ :06: /21/ :20: /20/ :14: /10/ :40: /06/ :41:

5 08/27/ :06: /20/ :45: /05/ :02: /04/ :36: /23/ :18: /20/ :33: /09/ :37: /04/ :26: /20/ :50: /19/ :51: /06/ :55: /01/ :37: /23/ :00: /18/ :07: /04/ :47: /03/ :55: /20/ :35: /05/ :06: /06/ :13: /01/ :47: /15/ :56: /17/ :50: /03/ :13: /09/ :49: /20/ :16: /16/ :27: /26/ :20: /01/ :36: /15/ :52: /20/ :27: /05/ :08: /01/ :08: /03/ :58: /15/ :17: /30/ :31: /02/ :59: /20/ :52: /16/ :50: /09/ :43: /30/ :57: /15/ :12: /14/ :24: /02/ :30: /29/ :37: /19/ :20: /13/ :37: /29/ :56: /27/ :44: /16/ :09: /12/ :33: /01/ :49: /27/ :18: /13/ :47: /11/ :54: /30/ :47: /22/ :45:

6 07/16/ :07: /11/ :59: /26/ :49: /27/ :54: Venus highest above horizon at HVO at 6-degree twilight Date MST Elev. mag. Decl. Seprtn 05/27/ :59: /13/ :47: /24/ :39: /06/ :53: /15/ :08: /05/ :47: /15/ :22: /15/ :49: /01/ :28: /21/ :46: /01/ :34: /09/ :18: /26/ :59: /11/ :45: /22/ :37: /05/ :52: /11/ :11: /03/ :47: /12/ :26: /14/ :48: /30/ :26: /19/ :43: /30/ :31: /08/ :17: /25/ :58: /10/ :44: /21/ :36: /04/ :51: /08/ :12: /30/ :48: /10/ :29: /13/ :47: /29/ :25: /18/ :42: /29/ :30: /07/ :16: /24/ :57: /08/ :43: /19/ :33: /03/ :50: /05/ :14: /27/ :49: /08/ :31: /12/ :46: /28/ :24: /16/ :40: /27/ :27: /06/ :15:

7 05/23/ :56: /06/ :41: Mercury at greatest separation: Date UTC Mag. Dist(au) arcsec Decl. Seprtn Type 01/01/ :58: Morn. 03/15/ :09: Evng. 04/29/ :23: Morn. 07/12/ :29: Evng. 08/26/ :34: Morn. 11/06/ :31: Evng. 12/15/ :29: Morn. 02/27/ :25: Evng. 04/11/ :41: Morn. 06/23/ :15: Evng. 08/09/ :07: Morn. 10/20/ :01: Evng. 11/28/ :29: Morn. 02/10/ :55: Evng. 03/24/ :06: Morn. 06/04/ :07: Evng. 07/22/ :12: Morn. 10/01/ :05: Evng. 11/10/ :03: Morn. 01/24/ :56: Evng. 03/06/ :22: Morn. 05/17/ :53: Evng. 07/04/ :45: Morn. 09/14/ :24: Evng. 10/25/ :29: Morn. 01/07/ :03: Evng. 02/16/ :06: Morn. 04/29/ :08: Evng. 06/16/ :55: Morn. 08/27/ :14: Evng. 10/08/ :13: Morn. 12/21/ :31: Evng. 01/30/ :53: Morn. 04/11/ :10: Evng. 05/29/ :33: Morn. 08/10/ :46: Evng. 09/22/ :15: Morn. 12/04/ :28: Evng. 01/12/ :37: Morn. 03/24/ :34: Evng. 05/09/ :29: Morn. 07/22/ :38: Evng. 09/05/ :30: Morn. 11/16/ :09: Evng. 12/25/ :30: Morn. 03/08/ :09: Evng. 04/21/ :49: Morn. 07/04/ :38: Evng. 08/19/ :48: Morn. 10/29/ :02: Evng. 12/07/ :02: Morn.

8 02/19/ :41: Evng. 04/03/ :33: Morn. 06/15/ :59: Evng. 08/02/ :07: Morn. 10/12/ :03: Evng. 11/20/ :31: Morn. 02/03/ :14: Evng. 03/17/ :49: Morn. 05/28/ :57: Evng. 07/15/ :24: Morn. 09/24/ :58: Evng. 11/04/ :54: Morn. 01/17/ :16: Evng. 02/27/ :35: Morn. 05/09/ :13: Evng. 06/26/ :34: Morn. 09/06/ :20: Evng. 10/17/ :03: Morn. 12/31/ :43: Evng. 02/09/ :46: Morn. 04/21/ :35: Evng. 06/08/ :50: Morn. 08/19/ :41: Evng. 10/01/ :11: Morn. 12/14/ :57: Evng. 01/22/ :10: Morn. 04/04/ :19: Evng. 05/21/ :20: Morn. 08/02/ :34: Evng. 09/15/ :25: Morn. 11/26/ :28: Evng. 01/04/ :55: Morn. 03/18/ :06: Evng. 05/02/ :31: Morn. 07/15/ :24: Evng. 08/29/ :35: Morn. 11/09/ :06: Evng. 12/18/ :25: Morn. 02/29/ :48: Evng. 04/13/ :46: Morn. 06/26/ :13: Evng. 08/11/ :26: Morn. 10/22/ :56: Evng. 11/30/ :11: Morn. 02/12/ :10: Evng. 03/27/ :28: Morn. 06/07/ :24: Evng. 07/25/ :11: Morn. 10/04/ :04: Evng. 11/13/ :45: Morn. 01/26/ :23: Evng. 03/09/ :35: Morn. 05/20/ :12: Evng. 07/07/ :29: Morn. 09/17/ :15: Evng. 10/28/ :31: Morn.

9 01/10/ :03: Evng. 02/19/ :31: Morn. 05/02/ :44: Evng. 06/19/ :52: Morn. 08/30/ :10: Evng. 10/11/ :56: Morn. 12/24/ :18: Evng. 02/02/ :22: Morn. 04/13/ :03: Evng. 05/31/ :41: Morn. 08/12/ :18: Evng. 09/24/ :06: Morn. 12/06/ :07: Evng. 01/14/ :49: Morn. 03/27/ :04: Evng. 05/12/ :56: Morn. 07/25/ :06: Evng. 09/07/ :55: Morn. 11/19/ :32: Evng. 12/28/ :00: Morn. 03/11/ :47: Evng. 04/24/ :27: Morn. 07/07/ :07: Evng. 08/22/ :19: Morn. 11/01/ :47: Evng. 12/10/ :31: Morn. 02/22/ :55: Evng. 04/06/ :27: Morn. 06/18/ :10: Evng. 08/05/ :12: Morn. 10/15/ :55: Evng. 11/23/ :50: Morn. 02/06/ :33: Evng. 03/19/ :10: Morn. 05/30/ :55: Evng. 07/17/ :11: Morn. 09/26/ :54: Evng. 11/06/ :16: Morn. 01/19/ :00: Evng. 03/01/ :46: Morn. 05/12/ :53: Evng. 06/29/ :48: Morn. 09/09/ :19: Evng. 10/20/ :51: Morn. 01/02/ :04: Evng. 02/12/ :06: Morn. 04/24/ :25: Evng. 06/11/ :54: Morn. 08/22/ :52: Evng. 10/04/ :53: Morn. 12/17/ :04: Evng. 01/25/ :39: Morn. 04/07/ :33: Evng. 05/24/ :24: Morn. 08/05/ :18: Evng. 09/18/ :27: Morn.

10 11/29/ :21: Evng. 01/07/ :59: Morn. 03/20/ :13: Evng. 05/04/ :46: Morn. 07/17/ :14: Evng. 08/31/ :27: Morn. 11/11/ :41: Evng. 12/20/ :29: Morn. 03/03/ :15: Evng. 04/16/ :55: Morn. 06/29/ :12: Evng. 08/14/ :34: Morn. 10/25/ :55: Evng. 12/03/ :06: Morn. 02/15/ :24: Evng. 03/30/ :59: Morn. 06/10/ :45: Evng. 07/28/ :59: Morn. 10/07/ :00: Evng. 11/16/ :37: Morn. 01/29/ :46: Evng. 03/12/ :52: Morn. 05/23/ :39: Evng. 07/10/ :00: Morn. 09/20/ :02: Evng. 10/30/ :37: Morn. 01/13/ :56: Evng. 02/22/ :49: Morn. 05/04/ :31: Evng. 06/21/ :34: Morn. 09/01/ :05: Evng. 10/13/ :38: Morn. 12/26/ :57: Evng. 02/04/ :45: Morn. 04/16/ :08: Evng. 06/03/ :43: Morn. 08/15/ :45: Evng. 09/27/ :52: Morn. 12/09/ :40: Evng. 01/17/ :04: Morn. 03/30/ :46: Evng. 05/16/ :35: Morn. 07/28/ :24: Evng. 09/10/ :15: Morn. 11/22/ :50: Evng. Venus at greatest separation: Date UTC Mag. Dist(au) arcsec Decl. Seprtn Type 08/17/ :31: Evng. 01/06/ :53: Morn. 03/24/ :13: Evng. 08/13/ :14: Morn. 10/29/ :52: Evng. 03/20/ :24: Morn. 06/04/ :00: Evng.

11 10/23/ :14: Morn. 01/10/ :01: Evng. 06/01/ :28: Morn. 08/15/ :31: Evng. 01/03/ :57: Morn. 03/22/ :26: Evng. 08/10/ :03: Morn. 10/27/ :52: Evng. 03/17/ :55: Morn. 06/02/ :33: Evng. 10/21/ :12: Morn. 01/07/ :05: Evng. 05/29/ :31: Morn. 08/12/ :00: Evng. 01/01/ :27: Morn. 03/20/ :24: Evng. 08/08/ :37: Morn. 10/25/ :24: Evng. 03/15/ :49: Morn. 05/30/ :32: Evng. 10/19/ :21: Morn. 01/05/ :57: Evng. 05/27/ :02: Morn. 08/10/ :50: Evng. 12/29/ :02: Morn. 03/17/ :05: Evng. 08/06/ :26: Morn. 10/22/ :55: Evng. 03/13/ :52: Morn. 05/28/ :37: Evng. 10/16/ :07: Morn. 01/02/ :06: Evng. 05/24/ :10: Morn. 08/07/ :41: Evng. 12/27/ :23: Morn. Mars at opposition: Date UTC Mag. Dist(au) arcsec Decl. 07/27/ :13: /13/ :25: /08/ :41: /16/ :38: /19/ :50: /25/ :48: /04/ :03: /28/ :29: /15/ :38: /19/ :09: /02/ :27: /06/ :04: /11/ :50: /17/ :06: /03/ :50: /14/ :51:

12 Jupiter at opposition: Date UTC Mag. Dist(au) arcsec Decl. 05/09/ :39: /10/ :27: /14/ :58: /20/ :28: /26/ :33: /03/ :02: /07/ :58: /10/ :42: /11/ :28: /12/ :36: /12/ :04: /13/ :33: /15/ :19: /19/ :33: /25/ :39: /02/ :58: /08/ :42: /12/ :42: /14/ :57: /15/ :02: /16/ :58: /16/ :20: /17/ :54: /20/ :36: /24/ :54: /30/ :02: /07/ :29: /13/ :11: /17/ :32: /19/ :56: Saturn at opposition: Date UTC Mag. Dist(au) arcsec Decl. 06/27/ :28: /09/ :07: /20/ :27: /02/ :14: /14/ :10: /27/ :28: /08/ :35: /21/ :45: /04/ :29: /18/ :35: /30/ :33: /13/ :00: /27/ :55: /11/ :59: /24/ :55: /08/ :11: /22/ :24: /05/ :31: /17/ :27: /03/ :33: /16/ :12:

13 03/28/ :15: /10/ :12: /23/ :28: /05/ :38: /17/ :37: /29/ :58: /10/ :22: /22/ :08: /03/ :04: /16/ :51: /28/ :42: Uranus at opposition: Date UTC Mag. Dist(au) arcsec Decl. 10/24/ :46: /28/ :14: /31/ :52: /04/ :57: /09/ :25: /13/ :20: /17/ :44: /21/ :24: /25/ :40: /30/ :21: /03/ :28: /08/ :10: /12/ :35: /17/ :26: /20/ :10: /25/ :27: /30/ :37: /03/ :29: /07/ :13: /12/ :41: /17/ :02: /21/ :45: /25/ :26: /30/ :35: /04/ :25: /09/ :49: /13/ :56: /18/ :34: /23/ :49: /28/ :26: /04/ :44: /09/ :29: Neptune at opposition: Date UTC Mag. Dist(au) arcsec Decl. 09/07/ :27: /10/ :24: /11/ :26: /14/ :21: /16/ :21: /19/ :18: /21/ :17:

14 09/23/ :54: /26/ :36: /28/ :19: /30/ :48: /02/ :24: /05/ :46: /07/ :21: /09/ :45: /11/ :07: /14/ :30: /16/ :58: /18/ :13: /20/ :22: /23/ :30: /25/ :24: /27/ :24: /29/ :02: /01/ :56: /03/ :41: /05/ :20: /07/ :04: /10/ :44: /12/ :28: /14/ :02: /16/ :33: /19/ :55: Pluto at opposition: Date UTC Mag. Dist(au) arcsec Decl. 07/12/ :04: /14/ :51: /15/ :12: /17/ :46: /20/ :38: /22/ :52: /23/ :37: /25/ :32: /27/ :55: /29/ :47: /30/ :03: /01/ :56: /03/ :58: /05/ :51: /05/ :12: /07/ :55: /09/ :18: /11/ :03: /12/ :30: /14/ :19: /15/ :38: /17/ :41: /18/ :18: /20/ :28: /21/ :14: /23/ :51: /24/ :59:

15 08/25/ :51: /27/ :17: /29/ :23: /29/ :15: /31/ :26: /01/ :29:

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