Example 1: Identifying the Parts of a Conditional Statement
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1 "If p, then q" can also be written... If p, q q, if p p implies q p only if q Example 1: Identifying the Parts of a Conditional Statement Identify the hypothesis and conclusion of each conditional. A. If today is Thanksgiving Day, then today is Thursday. Hypothesis: Today is Thanksgiving Day. Conclusion: Today is Thursday. B. A number is a rational number if it is an integer. Hypothesis: A number is an integer. Conclusion: The number is a rational number. 1
2 Check It Out! Example 1 Identify the hypothesis and conclusion of the statement. "A number is divisible by 3 if it is divisible by 6." Hypothesis: A number is divisible by 6. Conclusion: A number is divisible by 3. Many sentences without the words if and then can be written as conditionals. To do so, identify the sentence s hypothesis and conclusion by figuring out which part of the statement depends on the other. 2
3 Example 2A: Writing a Conditional Statement Write a conditional statement from the following. An obtuse triangle has exactly one obtuse angle. If a triangle is obtuse, then it has exactly one obtuse angle. Example 2B: Writing a Conditional Statement Write a conditional statement from the following. If an animal is a blue jay, then it is a bird. The inner oval represents the hypothesis, and the outer oval represents the conclusion. 3
4 Check It Out! Example 2 Write a conditional statement from the sentence Two angles that are complementary are acute. If two angles are complementary, then they are acute. A conditional statement has a truth value of either true (T) or false (F). It is false only when the hypothesis is true and the conclusion is false. To show that a conditional statement is false, you need to find only one counterexample where the hypothesis is true and the conclusion is false. Consider this conditional... If you make an A in geometry, then I will buy you a car. 4
5 Example 3A: Analyzing the Truth Value of a Conditional Statement Determine if the conditional is true. If false, give a counterexample. If this month is August, then next month is September. When the hypothesis is true, the conclusion is also true because September follows August. So the conditional is true. Example 3B: Analyzing the Truth Value of a Conditional Statement Determine if the conditional is true. If false, give a counterexample. If two angles are acute, then they are congruent. You can have acute angles with measures of 80 and 30. In this case, the hypothesis is true, but the conclusion is false. Since you can find a counterexample, the conditional is false. 5
6 Example 3C: Analyzing the Truth Value of a Conditional Statement Determine if the conditional is true. If false, give a counterexample. If an even number greater than 2 is prime, then = 8. An even number greater than 2 will never be prime, so the hypothesis is false is not equal to 8, so the conclusion is false. However, the conditional is true because the hypothesis is false. Check It Out! Example 3 Determine if the conditional If a number is odd, then it is divisible by 3 is true. If false, give a counterexample. An example of an odd number is 7. It is not divisible by 3. In this case, the hypothesis is true, but the conclusion is false. Since you can find a counterexample, the conditional is false. 6
7 Remember! If the hypothesis is false, the conditional statement is true, regardless of the truth value of the conclusion. 7
8 Example 4: Biology Application Write the converse, inverse, and contrapositive of the conditional statement. Use the Science Fact to find the truth value of each. If an animal is an adult insect, then it has six legs. Check It Out! Example 4 Write the converse of the conditional statement If an animal is a cat, then it has four paws. Find the truth value of each. 8
9 Aug 27 4:09 PM Assignment (p. 77) 10, 18, 24, 26 (p. 85) 14, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28 Aug 27 4:10 PM 9
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