UC Alfalfa Variety Field Evaluation
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1 UC Alfalfa Variety Field Evaluation Dan Putnam, Craig Giannini, Chris DeBen UC Davis Field Day, 11 May, 2016 See: for current variety information What are the most important Characteristics of an Alfalfa Variety?? I. Fall Dormancy. Fall Dormancy determines the adaptation of a variety, and has a large influence on yield, stand persistence, forage quality, winter survival and other characteristics. Fall dormancy is measured as the amount of growth (plant height) exhibited in late fall. The fall dormancy is the first thing to know about a variety. Fall Dormancy Rating (FDR) Dormant Maverick Vernal 5246 Semi Dormant Varieties Legend Archer ABI 700 Non Dormant Pierce Donna Anna CUF 101 UC-1887 Measurement for New Variety UC Natural Plant Height Score
2 II. Yield Potential. Varieties may vary a lot in yield. However, do you KNOW whether the yields are different in a specific variety in a large fields? Are these differences economic? Often one cannot tell the difference between varieties, even if they are grown side by side, but especially when grown alone in a field by itself. We have commonly observed yield differences of 20 30% at Davis which can be economically important. -
3 TABLE YIELDS, UC DAVIS ALFALFA CULTIVAR TRIAL. TRIAL PLANTED NOV. 2, Yield Yield Yield Average FD Dry t/a Released Varieties Catalina ( 3) 12.2 ( 1) 11.8 ( 1) 10.4 ( 1) A Saltana ( 7) 12.1 ( 4) 11.4 ( 2) 10.1 ( 2) A B FGI R96Bx ( 6) 12.0 ( 7) 10.9 ( 6) 10.0 ( 4) A B C D GrandSlam ( 9) 11.7 ( 13) 10.9 ( 5) 9.8 ( 5) A B C D E 6610N ( 11) 12.2 ( 2) 10.5 ( 15) 9.8 ( 6) A B C D E Westar ( 4) 11.9 ( 8) 10.1 ( 23) 9.7 ( 7) A B C D E F WL 440HQ ( 2) 12.0 ( 6) 9.9 ( 34) 9.7 ( 8) A B C D E F G Integra ( 12) 12.1 ( 3) 10.4 ( 18) 9.7 ( 9) A B C D E F G AmeriStand 803T -EM ( 42) 11.7 ( 12) 11.2 ( 4) 9.6 ( 12) ABCDEFGH FGI R66Bx ( 13) 11.8 ( 10) 10.3 ( 20) 9.6 ( 13) ABCDEFGH Arriba II ( 25) 11.5 ( 17) 10.9 ( 7) 9.5 ( 14) ABCDEFGH WL 454HQ.RR ( 20) 11.5 ( 15) 10.7 ( 10) 9.5 ( 15) ABCDEFGH I 6R ( 8) 11.8 ( 11) 9.8 ( 38) 9.5 ( 16) ABCDEFGH I AmeriStand 803T (Opt-Gold+) ( 17) 11.2 ( 24) 10.6 ( 13) 9.5 ( 17) ABCDEFGH I J HybriForce ( 15) 11.5 ( 14) 10.1 ( 27) 9.4 ( 18) BCDEFGH I J K Gunner ( 34) 11.9 ( 9) 10.1 ( 25) 9.3 ( 20) BCDEFGH I J K L DS ( 19) 11.3 ( 23) 10.2 ( 22) 9.3 ( 22) BCDEFGH I J K L FGI R57W ( 22) 11.4 ( 19) 10.0 ( 31) 9.2 ( 24) BCDEFGH I J K LM DKA65-10RR ( 23) 10.9 ( 27) 9.9 ( 33) 9.1 ( 27) D E F G H I J K L M N AmeriStand 803T ( 21) 10.2 ( 34) 10.3 ( 19) 8.9 ( 29) E F G H I J K L M N Pacifico ( 46) 9.8 ( 42) 11.3 ( 3) 8.8 ( 32) F G H I J K L M N La Jolla ( 37) 10.5 ( 30) 10.0 ( 29) 8.8 ( 33) F G H I J K L M N FGI R57K ( 29) 9.9 ( 41) 10.4 ( 17) 8.8 ( 34) F G H I J K L M N FGI R65BD ( 33) 10.4 ( 33) 9.9 ( 35) 8.8 ( 35) G H I J K L M N FGI R56Bx ( 16) 9.6 ( 44) 9.5 ( 43) 8.6 ( 37) I J K L M N FGI R57K ( 44) 10.0 ( 35) 9.9 ( 32) 8.5 ( 38) J K L M N Revolt (RR) ( 31) 10.0 ( 36) 9.6 ( 42) 8.5 ( 39) J K L M N Tango ( 47) 10.0 ( 37) 10.0 ( 28) 8.5 ( 41) K L M N 8R ( 35) 9.6 ( 45) 9.8 ( 39) 8.4 ( 42) K L M N FGI R47OK ( 36) 9.9 ( 39) 9.4 ( 44) 8.4 ( 43) L M N Integra ( 43) 8.9 ( 47) 10.6 ( 11) 8.4 ( 44) L M N 4R ( 26) 9.7 ( 43) 8.9 ( 47) 8.3 ( 46) M N DS ( 32) 9.4 ( 46) 9.3 ( 46) 8.3 ( 47) N Experimental Varieties SW ( 1) 12.0 ( 5) 10.6 ( 12) 10.0 ( 3) A B C SW ( 10) 11.5 ( 16) 10.9 ( 8) 9.7 ( 10) ABCDEFG DS ( 14) 11.4 ( 20) 10.8 ( 9) 9.6 ( 11) ABCDEFG SW ( 5) 10.5 ( 31) 10.6 ( 14) 9.4 ( 19) BCDEFGH I J K SW ( 18) 11.0 ( 26) 10.4 ( 16) 9.3 ( 21) BCDEFGH I J K L UC ( 28) 11.4 ( 18) 10.2 ( 21) 9.3 ( 23) BCDEFGH I J K L UC ( 24) 11.3 ( 21) 9.8 ( 37) 9.2 ( 25) CDEFGH I J K LMN SW ( 38) 11.3 ( 22) 10.1 ( 26) 9.1 ( 26) CDEFGH I J K LMN UC ( 30) 11.2 ( 25) 9.9 ( 36) 9.0 ( 28) D E F G H I J K L M N SW ( 39) 10.7 ( 29) 10.1 ( 24) 8.9 ( 30) E F G H I J K L M N UC ( 27) 10.8 ( 28) 9.7 ( 40) 8.9 ( 31) E F G H I J K L M N UC ( 45) 10.4 ( 32) 10.0 ( 30) 8.6 ( 36) H I J K L M N UC ( 40) 9.9 ( 40) 9.6 ( 41) 8.5 ( 40) K L M N UC ( 41) 10.0 ( 38) 9.4 ( 45) 8.4 ( 45) L M N MEAN CV LSD (0.1) NS Trial seeded at 25 lb/acre viable seed on Yolo clay loam soil at the Univ. of California Agronomy Farm, Davis, CA. Entries followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 10% probability level according to Fishers (protected) LSD. FD = Fall Dormancy reported by seed companies. Cuf 101 was included in this trial, but data was eliminated due to doubts about the source of the seed.
4 III. PEST RESISTANCE. An alfalfa variety is a population consisting of a range of plant types in a single variety. The mean value creates superior or inferior varieties in terms of yield, stand, pest resistance, and quality. Thus, alfalfa varieties typically have more variation within a variety than most other crop plants both an advantage and a disadvantage. Thus, when a variety has a high level of resistance to a pest, it s not 100%, but >50% of the plants that are resistant. How does Pest Resistance work? Year 1 Disease Stress eliminates plants Year 2 Remaining plants are stronger Resistance Abbreviations Percent resistance 1 Highly Resistant >51% R Resistant 31-50% MR Moderately Resistant 15-30% LR Low Resistant 6-14% S Susceptible <5%
5 Choosing Pest Resistance in Alfalfa Varieties Varietal Pest Resistance through choice of variety is often the only way to combat specific diseases or insect pests. Recommendations Sacramento/San Joaquin Valley: Fall Dormancy: 4-8 Rating Spotted Alfalfa Aphid (SAA): R Pea Aphid (PA) Blue Alfalfa Aphid (BAA): Pythopthora Root Rot (PRR). Bacterial Wilt (BW): MR Fusarium Wilt (FW): Stem Nematode: Root Not Nematode: Verticillium Wilt (VW) R REMEMBER: Resistance is not absolute (it is a % of plants in a population) Even highly resistant varieties can be overwhelmed by a severe pest infestation. Pest Resistance is often the only economic measure against some pest problems. Think of Pest Resistance as you do auto insurance not important every year, but can be very important in those years with severe pest pressure.
6 IV. Consider Biotech Traits (RR) Is Roundup Ready alfalfa right for you? Be sure to consider: Your current weed pressure & control strategy success Cost Seeding rates and cost control (can reduce seeding rates) Yield levels of available varieties Roundup resistant weeds Do your markets accept Roundup Ready? Coexistence with neighbors Low Lignin Alfalfa has been de-regulated, will be commercialized in West in V. Consider Forage Quality. Forage quality is of great importance in a lowprice year, such as , but tends to be less important to growers in a high price year. Remember: Yield tends to be economically more important than quality, even in down years. Both are highly related to Fall Dormancy. Forage quality can often be manipulated more successfully through cutting schedules, but variety also makes a difference. More dormant lines enable growers to pace harvest schedules with more success. Stand Persistence tends to be somewhat superior in more dormant lines than in non dormant lines, especially varieties such as CUF 101 which tends to go out quickly in the Central Valley. YIELD (t/acre) Plumas Plumas WL325HQ All Harvests Acheiver Dura Q53 Dura 512 Tango Archer II Magna 601 Sutter Magna 601 Aspire 54Q53 WL325HQDura 512 Archer II Tango WL625HQ DS681FQ SW 9720 SW N57 CUF101 WL711WF Aspire Sutter Acheiver Dura 765 SW N57 SW 9720 WL711WF WL625HQ DS681FQ CUF101 Quality Yield y = x R 2 = y = x x R 2 = FALL DORMANCY SCORE Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF%)
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