UC Alfalfa Variety Trials
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1 UC Alfalfa Variety Trials Dan Putnam, Craig Giannini, Chris DeBen UC Davis Field Day, 12 May, 2015 See: for current variety information What is an Alfalfa Variety?? - An alfalfa variety is a population consisting of a range of phenotypes (typically a synthetic). The mean value creates superior or inferior varieties in terms of yield, stand, pest resistance, and quality. Thus, alfalfa varieties typically have more variation within a variety than most other crop plants both an advantage and a disadvantage. How does Pest Resistance work? Year 1 Disease Stress eliminates plants Year 2 Remaining plants are stronger 1
2 Choosing Pest Resistance in Alfalfa Varieties Varietal Pest Resistance through choice of variety is often the only way to combat specific diseases or insect pests. Recommendations Sacramento/San Joaquin Valley: Fall Dormancy: 4-8 Rating Spotted Alfalfa Aphid (SAA): R Pea Aphid (PA) Blue Alfalfa Aphid (BAA): Pythopthora Root Rot (PRR). Bacterial Wilt (BW): MR Fusarium Wilt (FW): Stem Nematode: Root Not Nematode: Verticillium Wilt (VW) R HOWEVER: Resistance is not absolute (it is a % of plants in a population) Even highly resistant varieties can be overwhelmed by a severe pest infestation. Pest Resistance is often the only economic measure against some pest problems. Think of Pest Resistance as you do auto insurance not important every year, but can be very important Resistance Abbreviations Percent resistance 1 Highly Resistant >51% R Resistant 31-50% MR Moderately Resistant 15-30% LR Low Resistant 6-14% S Susceptible <5% 2
3 What about Economics? Do the economics work? Growers often gravitate to the lowest priced seed. However, the cost of the seed is essentially irrelevant to the overall value of the yield of improved varieties, which can amount to thousands of dollars over the life of the stand. Economic Value Due to Variety Choice ($/acre/3 years) ( Davis data) Catalina Saltana FGI R96Bx308 GrandSlam 6610N Westar WL 440HQ Integra 8600 AmeriStand 803T -EM09 FGI R66Bx311 Arriba II WL 454HQ.RR 6R100 AmeriStand 803T (Opt-Gold+) HybriForce-2600 Gunner DS611 FGI R57W213 DKA65-10RR AmeriStand 803T Pacifico La Jolla FGI R57K138 FGI R65BD279 FGI R56Bx214 FGI R57K337 Revolt (RR) 8R100 FGI R47OK215 Integra R200 DS815 $0.00 $ $ $ $ $1, $1, $1, $1, $1, Differential Economic Effect of Variety Choice: Assumptions: *Hay Price: 250$/ton *Response averaged over 3 years as per UC Davis 11-planted Trial YIELD (t/acre) Plumas Plumas All Harvests Acheiver WL325HQ Dura Q53 Dura 512 Archer II Magna Q53 WL325HQDura 512 Archer II Sutter Sutter Quality Magna 601 Aspire Aspire Acheiver Dura 765 Yield 58N57 y = x R 2 = WL625HQ DS681FQ SW 9720 SW N57 SW 7410 WL625HQ SW 9720 DS681FQ CUF101 WL711WF y = x x R 2 = CUF101 WL711WF FALL DORMANCY SCORE Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF%)
4 How to Select an Alfalfa Variety? Step 1) YIELD - Choose group of high yielding certified varieties in the proper Fall Dormancy Rating Step 2) FALL DORMANCY Choose a Fall Dormancy appropriate for your region (typically 6-7 in the Davis area) Step 3) PEST RESISTANCE - Make sure you a high level of Pest Resistance Step 3) CONSIDER BIOTECH TRAITS Is Roundup- Ready alfalfa right for you? Be sure to consider: Your current weed pressure & control strategy success Cost Seeding rates and cost control (can reduce seeding rates) Yield levels of varieties Roundup-resistant weeds Do your markets accept Roundup Ready? Coexistence with neighbors Step 4) CONSIDER FORAGE QUALITY, STAND PERSISTENCE, HATS Yield tends to be economically more important than quality. Both are highly related to Fall Dormancy. Stand Persistence tends to be somewhat superior in more dormant lines than in non-dormant lines, especially varieties such as CUF-101 which tends to go out quickly in the Central Valley. 4
5 YIELDS, UC DAVIS ALFALFA CULTIVAR TRIAL. TRIAL PLANTED NOV. 2, Yield Yield Yield Average FD Dry t/a Released Varieties Catalina ( 3) 12.2 ( 1) 11.8 ( 1) 10.4 ( 1) A Saltana ( 7) 12.1 ( 4) 11.4 ( 2) 10.1 ( 2) A B FGI R96Bx ( 6) 12.0 ( 7) 10.9 ( 6) 10.0 ( 4) A B C D GrandSlam ( 9) 11.7 ( 13) 10.9 ( 5) 9.8 ( 5) A B C D E 6610N ( 11) 12.2 ( 2) 10.5 ( 15) 9.8 ( 6) A B C D E Westar ( 4) 11.9 ( 8) 10.1 ( 23) 9.7 ( 7) A B C D E F WL 440HQ ( 2) 12.0 ( 6) 9.9 ( 34) 9.7 ( 8) A B C D E F G Integra ( 12) 12.1 ( 3) 10.4 ( 18) 9.7 ( 9) A B C D E F G AmeriStand 803T -EM ( 42) 11.7 ( 12) 11.2 ( 4) 9.6 ( 12) A B C D E F G H FGI R66Bx ( 13) 11.8 ( 10) 10.3 ( 20) 9.6 ( 13) A B C D E F G H Arriba II ( 25) 11.5 ( 17) 10.9 ( 7) 9.5 ( 14) A B C D E F G H WL 454HQ.RR ( 20) 11.5 ( 15) 10.7 ( 10) 9.5 ( 15) A B C D E F G H I 6R ( 8) 11.8 ( 11) 9.8 ( 38) 9.5 ( 16) A B C D E F G H I AmeriStand 803T (Opt-Gold+) ( 17) 11.2 ( 24) 10.6 ( 13) 9.5 ( 17) A B C D E F G H I J HybriForce ( 15) 11.5 ( 14) 10.1 ( 27) 9.4 ( 18) B C D E F G H I J K Gunner ( 34) 11.9 ( 9) 10.1 ( 25) 9.3 ( 20) B C D E F G H I J K L DS ( 19) 11.3 ( 23) 10.2 ( 22) 9.3 ( 22) B C D E F G H I J K L FGI R57W ( 22) 11.4 ( 19) 10.0 ( 31) 9.2 ( 24) B C D E F G H I J K L M DKA65-10RR ( 23) 10.9 ( 27) 9.9 ( 33) 9.1 ( 27) D E AmeriStand 803T ( 21) 10.2 ( 34) 10.3 ( 19) 8.9 ( 29) E Pacifico ( 46) 9.8 ( 42) 11.3 ( 3) 8.8 ( 32) La Jolla ( 37) 10.5 ( 30) 10.0 ( 29) 8.8 ( 33) FGI R57K ( 29) 9.9 ( 41) 10.4 ( 17) 8.8 ( 34) FGI R65BD ( 33) 10.4 ( 33) 9.9 ( 35) 8.8 ( 35) G H I J FGI R56Bx ( 16) 9.6 ( 44) 9.5 ( 43) 8.6 ( 37) I J FGI R57K ( 44) 10.0 ( 35) 9.9 ( 32) 8.5 ( 38) J Revolt (RR) ( 31) 10.0 ( 36) 9.6 ( 42) 8.5 ( 39) J ( 47) 10.0 ( 37) 10.0 ( 28) 8.5 ( 41) 8R ( 35) 9.6 ( 45) 9.8 ( 39) 8.4 ( 42) FGI R47OK ( 36) 9.9 ( 39) 9.4 ( 44) 8.4 ( 43) Integra ( 43) 8.9 ( 47) 10.6 ( 11) 8.4 ( 44) 4R ( 26) 9.7 ( 43) 8.9 ( 47) 8.3 ( 46) M N DS ( 32) 9.4 ( 46) 9.3 ( 46) 8.3 ( 47) N Experimental Varieties SW ( 1) 12.0 ( 5) 10.6 ( 12) 10.0 ( 3) A B C SW ( 10) 11.5 ( 16) 10.9 ( 8) 9.7 ( 10) A B C D E F G DS ( 14) 11.4 ( 20) 10.8 ( 9) 9.6 ( 11) A B C D E F G SW ( 5) 10.5 ( 31) 10.6 ( 14) 9.4 ( 19) B C D E F G H I J K SW ( 18) 11.0 ( 26) 10.4 ( 16) 9.3 ( 21) B C D E F G H I J K L UC ( 28) 11.4 ( 18) 10.2 ( 21) 9.3 ( 23) B C D E F G H I J K L UC ( 24) 11.3 ( 21) 9.8 ( 37) 9.2 ( 25) C D E SW ( 38) 11.3 ( 22) 10.1 ( 26) 9.1 ( 26) C D E UC ( 30) 11.2 ( 25) 9.9 ( 36) 9.0 ( 28) D E SW ( 39) 10.7 ( 29) 10.1 ( 24) 8.9 ( 30) E UC ( 27) 10.8 ( 28) 9.7 ( 40) 8.9 ( 31) E UC ( 45) 10.4 ( 32) 10.0 ( 30) 8.6 ( 36) H I J UC ( 40) 9.9 ( 40) 9.6 ( 41) 8.5 ( 40) UC ( 41) 10.0 ( 38) 9.4 ( 45) 8.4 ( 45) MEAN CV LSD (0.1) NS Trial seeded at 25 lb/acre viable seed on Yolo clay loam soil at the Univ. of California Agronomy Farm, Davis, CA. Entries follow ed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 10% probability level according to Fishers (protected) LSD. FD = Fall Dormancy reported by seed companies. Cuf 101 w as included in this trial, but data w as eliminated due to doubts about the source of the seed. 5
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