Quantum Technologies Overview: a few qubitson Sand Hill Rd. IQIM Retreat 2016

Transcription

1 Quantum Technologies Overview: a few qubitson Sand Hill Rd IQIM Retreat 2016

2 Why now? A lot is happening at the intersection of quantum and industry. Are we actually at an inflection point? Today s discussion: assess the current state of things role of academia and industry in quantum technology opportunities for entrepreneurs implications for IQIM, and for you

3 Ray Beausoleil HP Jennifer Ouellette Parsa Bonderson Gizmodo Microsoft Charles Bennett IBM Jim Clarke Intel Ray Laflamme IQC Harmut Neven Google Quantum Summit, Caltech, 27 January 2016 IQIM YouTube Channel

4 D-Wave!

5 Players D-Wave (quantum annealing) Microsoft (Station Q, QuArC, Project Q) IBM (Theory, superconducting circuits) Google (Neven, Martinis) HRL (Si spin qubits) Intel HP Raytheon BBN Northrup Grumman Lockheed Martin

6 How do we connect thousands of quantum bits, or qubits, together? How can we control them? How can we reliably fabricate, connect and control many more qubits? Even measuring qubit signals is going to require an entirely new class of low temperature electronics that don t exist today. Solving big problems is what we do at Intel, and it s what gets me excited. This is a not just an Intel problem, it is a challenge that the whole industry is coming together around. It will take significant resources and our best engineering minds -- and it will not be easy. This research is on the cutting edge of silicon, architecture and software. Intel s entire history has been built on driving innovations in the very leading edge of all three of these. The Promise of Quantum Computing Bryan Krzanich, Intel CEO, 2015

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8 Rigetti Computing Developments Quantum Circuits, Inc. (Schoelkopf/Devoret) Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc. (Lukin/Walsworth) ionq (Monroe) Post-quantum crypto (Goldwasser)? Christopher Monroe is a co-founder and co-inventor of intellectual property that is licensed to ionq, a start-up company focused on the development of atomic quantum computers. Robert Schoelkopf is a co-founder, and equity holder and an inventor of intellectual property that is licensed to Quantum Circuits, a startup that is developing supercondcuting circuits for quantum computing. Mikhail Lukin is a co-founder, advisory board member and a coinventor of intellectual property that is licensed to Quantum Diamond Technologies, a start-up focused on quantum sensors for medical diagnostics. Scientific American May 2016

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10 quantumdiamondtech.com

11 rigetti.com

12 Quantum computing: Time for venture capitalists to put their chips on the table? Quantum computing is a quintessential VC moon shot: it s a proposition with immense potential for value creation, and a high risk of failure. Quantum computers will not replace desktop machines. Their usefulness is not that they are simply faster counterparts to our classical computers; it is that they will enable solutions to entirely different challenges. Andrew Schoen (and Harry Weller) New Enterprise Associates (NEA) March 2016 Examples: catalyst design, global warming, artificial intelligence

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14 Opportunities Quantum computing Topological vs non-topological? Which physical implementation? What applications? Supply chain Selling intermediate technologies to industry + academia + government Sensors What technology and what application? Materials MERA to matter? Cryptography Differentiate between QKD and post-quantum crypto Longer-term needs Networks + transducers + memory + codes + algorithms What else do we need?!?!?!

15 Supply Chain Commercializing QC is hard and risky. Selling into the supply chain is less risky. Some companies worth mentioning: BlueFors(cryogen-free dil fridges) QCI (single shot parametric amplifiers) Rob Schoelkopf/Michel Devoret Keysight(coherent microwave sources) Bestek Plassys(evaporators for JJs) AOSense(atomic interferometer sensors) Mark Kasevich Element 6 (NV centers) De Beers Group Cold Quanta (BEC) Dana Anderson ID Quantique(Q. crypto) Nicolas Gisin Other companies worth mentioning? Where are other opportunities? where are you wasting time in lab? what s prohibitively expensive?

16 Quantum Sensors Take any category of sensors: accelerometers, clocks, pressure, force, gyro, BIO, etc. Are there niches where quantum is important? Sensor must have: strong industrial demand + easy to build Is there anything that s poised for tech transfer right now? Or companies in this space?

17 Cryptography Separate quantum key distribution (QKD) from post-quantum crypto (PQC) QKD needs quantum networks or at least point-to-point distribution of entangled states Some companies are commercializing pieces of this: ID Quantique, MagiQ PQC is classical crypto which is robust against quantum attacks Important to address now because some data has a long shelf-life. What s our guess for when someone will have a QC which can break RSA (w/ 2048 bit keys or larger)?

18 Questions Applications for small and medium scale quantum information processing? Chemistry, material design? Special purpose vs. general purpose? Promise of quantum annealing? Applications for quantum networks? Prospects for quantum crypto? Post-quantum crypto? Path to fault tolerance: topological or circuits? Hardware: Superconducting, quantum dots, ions, NV centers, photonics,? (Classical) control technologies? Innovations that would change the direction of the technology? Opportunities in sensing, etc?

19 What s next? What should the role be for institutions in all of this? Caltech? IQIM? How should IQIM define itself relative to quantum technology? Should we be doing something different as we prepare students?

20 particle collision molecular chemistry entangled electrons A quantum computer can simulate efficiently any physical process that occurs in Nature. (Maybe. We don t actually know for sure.) superconductor black hole early universe

21 Some quantum science grand challenges (Last year s discussion) -- SPT phases and real materials. -- Gapless phases. -- Experimental signatures of topological phases. -- Ephemeral phases / stroboscopic imaging. -- Classical applications of quantum materials. -- Experimental systems with strong long-range interactions. -- Testing quantum mechanics. -- Experimental explorations of quantum measurement. -- Better methods for (classically) simulating 2D and 3D strongly correlated systems. -- Quantum memories with very long storage times. -- Thermalization, MBL, foundations of quantum stat. mech. -- Nanoscale thermodynamics. -- Entanglement area law. -- Emergent geometry and quantum entanglement.

22 Additional Slides

23 Materials Many communities desire on-demand materials. The White House s Materials Genome Initiative is evidence of this demand Is there a role for IQIM in this, rather than traditional materials scientists? Differentiate between: Long term: breakthroughs discovered on a QC Shorter term: tech transfer of manufacturing techniques relevant to IQIM + quantum simulators + classical simulation