Assessment Schedule 2011 Science: Demonstrate understanding of aspects of mechanics (90940)
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1 NCEA Level 1 Science (90940) 2011 page 1 of 6 Assessment Schedule 2011 Science: Demonstrate understanding of aspects of mechanics (90940) Evidence Statement Question Evidence with Merit with Excellence ONE v =!d!t = = 40!ms"1 Calculates average speed. Draw and label forces. Forces acting are the weight downwards and air resistance upwards. Weight is greater than air resistance when she has just jumped. Net force Net force is in the downwards direction and greater than zero. Forces are unbalanced. Explanation of motion Motion is acceleration towards ground. An unbalanced force is required to make an object s speed change, therefore, as there is an unbalanced force greater than zero towards the ground, the parachutist s speed will increase. Correct statement and / or diagram. Eg: Identifies two forces. Describes net force. Forces are unbalanced. Acceleration. Describes ONE force (weight / gravity) and explains why an unbalanced force situation exists. Describes TWO forces and explains why they are unbalanced. Describes TWO forces and explains why they are balanced (when parachutist is travelling at terminal velocity ). Describes that unbalanced forces lead to acceleration Air resistance = 0N at the instant the parachutist leaves the plane. Acceleration at that instant will be 10ms -2 AND When falling her air resistance < weight / gravity, therefore unbalanced forces apply (net downward force) which causes acceleration (increase in speed). Students must answer both to gain point. (c) The parachute has an increased surface area compared to parachutist on her own. This increases the size of the air resistance / friction / drag force acting in the upwards direction making it larger than the force of gravity. This creates an unbalanced force in the upwards direction (a negative net force), causing the parachutist to decelerate. Correct statement: Increased surface area Unbalanced force acting. Explains effect of surface area (size and shape of parachute) on the forces involved (air resistance AND weight / gravity). Needs to mention both forces. Explains the link between the increased surface area of parachute and the change to the forces involved (net force is upward), and how this reduces the speed of fall (deceleration). That air resistance is slowing parachutist as net force is upwards. Not achieved with Merit with Excellence
2 NCEA Level 1 Science (90940) 2011 page 2 of 6 Q1 NØ = no evidence or no relevant evidence idea. Eg correct unit N2 = 1 point from A3 = 2 points A4 = 3 points M5 = 2 points M6 = 3 points E7 = 1 point E8 = 2 points
3 NCEA Level 1 Science (90940) 2011 page 3 of 6 Question Evidence with Merit with Excellence TWO F = ma = = 12 N Calculates F with unit. W = Fd = = 150 J P = W t = = 30!W!(or!J!s!1 ) Possible follow-on error from 2. Calculates either W correct. P using an incorrect value for W, which has not been calculated. Calculates Power done, but: EITHER Does not give a unit. Gives an incorrect value of P using a calculated value of W. Calculates power and gives an appropriate unit. (c) a =!v!t 0.2 = v f " 2 5 v f = (0.2 # 5) + 2 = 1+ 2 = 3!m s 1 By reasoning (formula not required), ie 5 s at 0.2 m s 2 Increase in speed = 1 m s 2 Started at 2 m s 1 now at 3 m s 1. Has correct shapes for sections X or Y on graph, but no values on y-axis. Either Calculates v f correctly. Shows correct value (3) on y-axis but graph is incorrect. Calculated v f incorrectly but showed 1m s 1 increase using acceleration. Showed correct shapes for sections X and Y. Graph with correct values on y- axis and correct shapes for sections X and Y.
4 NCEA Level 1 Science (90940) 2011 page 4 of 6 Not achieved with Merit with Excellence Q2 NØ = no evidence or no relevant evidence formula not correctly used correct unit. N2 = 1 point from A3 = 2 points A4 = 3 points M5 = 2 points M6 = 3 points E7 = 1 point E8 = 2 points Question Evidence with Merit with Excellence THREE E P = mgδh!h = "10 = 8.5m Correctly calculated height. Unit not necessary. Correctly calculated height. Unit necessary Name of energy Gravitational potential energy. Calculation of work W = Fd = = J W = E P = mgδh = = J Calculation of difference Work done is energy gained, so energy difference = = 300J Explanation of difference The difference is due to energy being converted into heat in the muscles of her body. Identifies type of energy at the top. Correct calculation of work. Energy difference calculated (allow error in work calculation) but no reference to work equals energy. Heat is produced. Identifies type of energy at the top and states that energy is changed to heat. Correct calculation of work and correct calculation of energy difference. Correct calculation of energy difference (allow consequential error) AND work stated to be equal to energy changed. Work correctly calculated and stated to be the same as the gravitational potential energy changed / gained. Energy difference correctly calculated. Some of the energy used is changed to heat by the muscles of the girl s body, and so the gravitational potential energy she gains is less than the total energy that she uses. Not achieved with Merit with Excellence Q3 NØ = no evidence or no relevant evidence formula not correctly used N2 = 1 correct point from A3 = 2 points A4 = 3 points M5 = 2 points M6 = 3 points E7 = both points attempted, but some minor inconsistencies or omissions E8 = both points fully answered
5 NCEA Level 1 Science (90940) 2011 page 5 of 6 Question Evidence with Merit with Excellence FOUR F = mg = = 400 N For boot without studs Calculates Calculates pressure for one of boots. Calculates pressures of both, with correct unit. P = F A = = !N!m!2!(Pa) = 2.43 N cm!2 For boot with studs Weight force. Pressure incorrectly using F = 40 P = F A = = !N!m!2!(Pa) = 66.7 N cm!2 Comparison The pressure exerted by the boot with studs is greater than the boot without studs. Relationship The smaller the surface area (the force is exerted over), the greater the pressure exerted on the ground. How it helps on grass As the student s weight is applied over a smaller surface area with the boots with studs, it leads to a greater pressure on the ground. This means that the studs will sink into the ground more, which will enable the student to get a better grip / traction on grass when running. States correct pressure comparison. Eg, states smaller surface area leads to greater pressure or visa versa. States correct effects comparison Eg, states studs will sink into ground more or states studs will give better grip. Explains the relationship between surface area and pressure with respect to studded and nonstudded boots. Shows understanding of physics principles involved by identifying greater pressure leads to boots sinking into grass. Links greater pressure created by smaller area of studs to more grip / traction when running on grass. Comparison with the other boot without stud is provided (ie smaller pressure created by larger area of shoe leads to slipping / loss of friction.)
6 NCEA Level 1 Science (90940) 2011 page 6 of 6 Not achieved with Merit with Excellence Q4 NØ = no evidence or no relevant evidence unit correct equation F = mg, but incorrect calc N2 = 1 point from A3 = 2 points A4 = 3 points M5 = 1 point M6 = 2 points E7 = 2 point E8 = 3 points Judgement Statement Not Achieved with Merit with Excellence Score range
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