Optical Materials. Optimizing refractive index and dispersion
|
|
- Amelia York
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Optical Materials General comments Specifying optical materials Dispersion Thermal coefficients Athermalization Thermal expansion Thermal variation of refractive index Other glass data Optimizing refractive index and dispersion Model glasses Fixing glasses Axial and lateral chromatic aberration Calculation of chromatic aberration February 001 Optical System Design (week 4) 1
2 General comments Selection of optical materials Spectral region environment Application In refracting system Predominant material is glass However, like lens, glass may refer to a wide variety of materials Key issue Dispersion (may cause chromatic aberration) February 001 Optical System Design (week 4)
3 Some introduction Every optical systems works in its own particular wavelength region determined by the spectral characteristics of the light source, the spectral sensitivity of the sensor, as well as any other factors or components which alter the net sensitivity of the system. Photopic spectral eye sensitivity curve If an optical system is a visual system, February 001 Optical System Design (week 4) 3
4 Overview February 001 Optical System Design (week 4) 4
5 Specifying optical materials Dispersion Thermal characteristics Weight Mechanical Chemical Availability cost February 001 Optical System Design (week 4) 5
6 February 001 Optical System Design (week 4) 6 dispersion Sellmeier formula ) ( c b c b c b n = (wavelength unit: um) Adopted by Schott and other glass manufacturers
7 February 001 Optical System Design (week 4) 7 Formally, optical glasses were usually described by a Laurent series ) ( A A A A A A n = Conrady s simplified formula ) ( B A n n + + =
8 Buchdahl s chromatic coordinate for accurately characterizing the refractive index Chromatic coordinate ω() ω ( ) = 1+.5( 0 Reference wavelength Helium d line ( um) 0 ) n( ω ) + v + v + v = n ω ω ω... Index of refraction at d line February 001 Optical System Design (week 4) 8
9 Homework 4-1 Find out the following two papers and make a short brief (summary) P. N. Robb and R. I. Mercado Calculation of refractive indices using Buchdahl s chromatic coordinate, Appl. Opt., (1983) G. W. Forbes, Chromatic coordinates in aberration theory, J. Opt. Soc. Amer. 1, (1984). February 001 Optical System Design (week 4) 9
10 How to describe the dispersion of optical glass Abbe number (V number) V = n d 1 n n F c Index of refraction at the Helium d line ( um) Index of refraction at the hydrogen F ( um) Index of refraction at the hydrogen C line ( um) February 001 Optical System Design (week 4) 10
11 How to describe the dispersion of optical glass Dispersion: the difference in the refraction of indices for two wavelength Principal dispersion: the wavelengths are the F and C lines Partial dispersion: for other lines and usually expressed as a ratio, e.g., the relative partial dispersion for the F and d lines is P F, d February 001 Optical System Design (week 4) 11 n = F n F n n d c
12 Typical glass map February 001 Optical System Design (week 4) 1
13 Glass Map ( less dispersive) February 001 Optical System Design (week 4) 13
14 Crown and flint Crown N d > 1.6, V d > 50 or N d < 1.6, V d > 55 Flint The others Available refractive indices range from 1.45 to and the V number from 80 to 0 February 001 Optical System Design (week 4) 14
15 February 001 Optical System Design (week 4) 15
16 Focusing of white light with an achromatic doublet from BK7 and SF glasses Let us consider two thin lens as shown in the right We want to find the condition for this doublet to be an achromatic doublet, chromatically corrected for the red C line wavelength (656.7 nm) and for the blue F line ( nm) The central wavelength is usually chosen as the d line nm Slightly defocusing toward the lens February 001 Optical System Design (week 4) 16
17 February 001 Optical System Design (week 4) 17 The power of first lens P 1, the second lens P (for d line) The total power P=P 1 +P An achromatic doublet will have the same power for the C line wavelength and the F line wavelength if (P 1 +P ) c =(P 1 +P ) F = d F c d F c n n n P n n n P n F n c V = 1 n d Abbe number: V V V V f f V V f f = = 1 1 P V V P =
18 Thermal coefficient In OSLO tem 40 (set temperature of lens to 40 degree C) pre 0.9 (set the pressure to 0.9 atmosphere) tce 5 18 (set surface 5 thermal expansion to 18X10-7 ) L( T + T ) = (1 + α T ) L( T ) Expansion coefficient February 001 Optical System Design (week 4) 18
19 (aluminum) spacer February 001 Optical System Design (week 4) 19
20 Strehl ratio: The ratio of peak value of the point spread function to the peak of the PSF for an equivalent (unaberrated) system. February 001 Optical System Design (week 4) 0
21 February 001 Optical System Design (week 4) 1
22 February 001 Optical System Design (week 4)
23 Autofocusing (add one more compensator) February 001 Optical System Design (week 4) 3
24 Other glass data February 001 Optical System Design (week 4) 4
25 Optimizing refractive index and It is not easy to optimize the glass in the optical system since the index and dispersion can not be varied. For optimization calculation, we need to have a continuous model. To solve this problem, some approaches was used in OSLO Otherwise, OSLO can search all lenses in the catalog to get the closet glass (RMS distance) dispersion V number February 001 Optical System Design (week 4) 5
26 In optimization, we need Normal glasses Partial dispersion at any wavelength is proportional to the V number nx ny Pxy axy + b n n F c xy V February 001 Optical System Design (week 4) 6
27 Axial and lateral chromatic Two types of chromatic aberration First order, paraxial color Axial color PAC (primary axial color) Lateral color PLC The red and blue focus have been made to coincide, but the effective focal length of lens is different different magnification will be different aberration February 001 Optical System Design (week 4) 7
28 Calculation of chromatic aberration February 001 Optical System Design (week 4) 8
29 Some other terms Secondary spectrum The design of achromatic doublet is for F and C lines Depends on the choice of glasses, there will be a residual mismatch of dispersions, resulting in a larger or smaller secondary spectrum Secondary axial color (SAC) Secondary lateral Color (SLC) Spherpchromatism Change in spherical aberration with wavelength February 001 Optical System Design (week 4) 9
30 Parametric Examples of Glass Selection (1) (Both are normal glasses) (anomalous dispersion/normal glass) (anomalous/normal) (anomalous/anomalous) Secondary spectrum correction as a function of glass selection February 001 Optical System Design (week 4) 30
31 Homework 4- Please use OSLO LT and take a simple doublet to simulate above four cases, i.e., secondary spectrum correction by glass selection. February 001 Optical System Design (week 4) 31
32 Parametric Examples of Glass Selection () Spherical aberration and secondary spectrum correction as a function of f/# February 001 Optical System Design (week 4) 3
33 Parametric Examples of Glass Selection (3) Spherical aberration and secondary spectrum correction as a function of f/# February 001 Optical System Design (week 4) 33
34 Parametric Examples of Glass Selection (4) Secondary spectrum correction as a function of glass selection with one aspheric surface February 001 Optical System Design (week 4) 34
35 Plastic Optical Material Low-cost materials Low-cost fabrication techniques Configuration flexibility A common use Glass-plastic mixed system Plastic was used as Aspherical corrector Save money February 001 Optical System Design (week 4) 35
36 Types of Plastic optical material Acrylic ( ; ) Most common and important Good clarity and very good transmission in visible spectrum, high Abbe number, good machine stability Easy to machine and polish Good material for injection molding February 001 Optical System Design (week 4) 36
37 Types of Plastic optical material Polystyrene ( ) Good plastic, cheaper than acrylic Slightly higher absorption in the deep blue spectrum Index of refraction is higher than that of acrylic but with a lower Abbe number Lower resistance to UV and scratches that acrylic Acrylic and polystyrene make a viable achromatic pair February 001 Optical System Design (week 4) 37
38 Types of Plastic optical material Polycarbonate Expensive than acrylic High impact strength Very good performance over a broad temperature range Often used as plastic eyeglass Common form: CR39 February 001 Optical System Design (week 4) 38
39 Types of Plastic optical material COC (Zeonex) Similar to acrylic, but water absorption is much lower and higher heat distortion temperature (HDT) brittle February 001 Optical System Design (week 4) 39
40 Optical and physical properties of optical plastic February 001 Optical System Design (week 4) 40
Chromatic Aberrations
Chromatic Aberrations Lens Design OPTI 517 Second-order chromatic aberrations W H W W H W H W, cos 2 2 000 200 111 020 Change of image location with λ (axial or longitudinal chromatic aberration) Change
More informationGalilean telescopes use a diverging ocular placed closer to the objective lens than the focal length:
Telescope Optics ( Optics III ) References: Telescopes and Techniques, C. R. Kitchin, Springer pub. Telescope Optics It is worth noting that when observing through a telescope, beyond the primary lens
More informationOptical/IR Observational Astronomy Telescopes I: Optical Principles. David Buckley, SAAO. 24 Feb 2012 NASSP OT1: Telescopes I-1
David Buckley, SAAO 24 Feb 2012 NASSP OT1: Telescopes I-1 1 What Do Telescopes Do? They collect light They form images of distant objects The images are analyzed by instruments The human eye Photographic
More informationThe Treptow Giant Telescope in Berlin is the longest moveable refracting telescope on Earth. Some of its properties are summarised below:
Q1.(a) Draw a ray diagram for an astronomical refracting telescope in normal adjustment. Your diagram should show the paths of three non-axial rays passing through both lenses. Label the principal foci
More information5. Aberration Theory
5. Aberration Theory Last lecture Matrix methods in paraxial optics matrix for a two-lens system, principal planes This lecture Wavefront aberrations Chromatic Aberration Third-order (Seidel) aberration
More information20. Aberration Theory
0. Aberration Theory Wavefront aberrations ( 파면수차 ) Chromatic Aberration ( 색수차 ) Third-order (Seidel) aberration theory Spherical aberrations Coma Astigmatism Curvature of Field Distortion Aberrations
More informationDesign and Correction of optical Systems
Design and Correction of optical Systems Part 10: Performance criteria 1 Summer term 01 Herbert Gross Overview 1. Basics 01-04-18. Materials 01-04-5 3. Components 01-05-0 4. Paraxial optics 01-05-09 5.
More informationProf. Jose Sasian OPTI 518. Introduction to aberrations OPTI 518 Lecture 14
Introduction to aberrations Lecture 14 Topics Structural aberration coefficients Examples Structural coefficients Ж Requires a focal system Afocal systems can be treated with Seidel sums Structural stop
More informationTIE-43: Optical Properties of ZERODUR
PAGE 1/12 0 Introduction ZERODUR is a glass-ceramic material exhibiting a very low coefficient of thermal expansion The material is therefore used as a mirror substrate for astronomical telescopes or as
More informationIntroduction to aberrations OPTI 518 Lecture 14
Introduction to aberrations Lecture 14 Topics Structural aberration coefficients Examples Structural coefficients Ж Requires a focal system Afocal systems can be treated with Seidel sums Structural stop
More informationLens Design II. Lecture 1: Aberrations and optimization Herbert Gross. Winter term
Lens Design II Lecture 1: Aberrations and optimization 18-1-17 Herbert Gross Winter term 18 www.iap.uni-jena.de Preliminary Schedule Lens Design II 18 1 17.1. Aberrations and optimization Repetition 4.1.
More informationWhy Use a Telescope?
1 Why Use a Telescope? All astronomical objects are distant so a telescope is needed to Gather light -- telescopes sometimes referred to as light buckets Resolve detail Magnify an image (least important
More informationJason Lane OPTI November 2009
Jason Lane OPI 51 10 November 009 Synopsis of a Published Paper: Material Problem in Athermalization of Optical Systems. Kryszczynski, M. Lesniewski Optical Engineering, Vol. 36, No 6. June 1997 1. Introduction
More informationDesign and Correction of optical Systems
1 Design and Correction of optical Systems Part 13: Correction of aberrations 2 Summer term 2012 Herbert Gross 2 Overview 1. Basics 2012-04-18 2. Materials 2012-04-25 3. Components 2012-05-02 4. Paraxial
More informationCoursework Booklet 2
Level 3 Applied Science UNIT 16: Astronomy and Space Science PHYSICS SECTION Coursework Booklet 2 1 P a g e Astronomy and space science Learning aim B Undertake measurement and observation of astronomical
More informationAstro 500 A500/L-7 1
Astro 500 1 Telescopes & Optics Outline Defining the telescope & observatory Mounts Foci Optical designs Geometric optics Aberrations Conceptually separate Critical for understanding telescope and instrument
More informationVS203B midterm exam version A
VS03B midterm exam version A VS03B Midterm Exam Solutions (versions A and B are the same except for the ordering of multiple choice answers Dr. Roorda Date: April 8 009 Permitted aids: pens/pencils, eraser,
More informationPhys 100 Astronomy (Dr. Ilias Fernini) Review Questions for Chapter 5
Phys 100 Astronomy (Dr. Ilias Fernini) Review Questions for Chapter 5 MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. What is the wavelength of the longest wavelength light visible to the human eye? a. 400 nm b. 4000 nm c. 7000 nm
More informationDesign and Correction of Optical Systems
Design and Correction of Optical Systems Lecture 9: Optimization and correction 2018-06-11 Herbert Gross Summer term 2018 www.iap.uni-jena.de 2 Preliminary Schedule - DCS 2018 1 09.04. Basics 2 16.04.
More informationOptical Telescopes. Telescopes. Refracting/Reflecting Telescopes. Physics 113 Goderya
Telescopes Physics 113 Goderya Chapter(s): 6 Learning Outcomes: Optical Telescopes Astronomers use telescopes to gather more light from astronomical objects. The larger the telescope, the more light it
More informationSince focal length = focal power
RAY OPTICS PREVIOUS EAMCET BITS (ENGINEERING ). The two lenses of an achromatic doublet should have : [EAMCET 009 E] ) equal powers ) equal dispersive powers ) equal ratio of their power and dispersive
More informationRecent progress in SR interferometer
Recent progress in SR interferometer -for small beam size measurement- T. Mitsuhashi, KEK Agenda 1. Brief introduction of beam size measurement through SR interferometry. 2. Theoretical resolution of interferometry
More informationEP 225 Waves, Optics, and Fields
EP 225 Waves, Optics, and Fields Website: http://physics.usask.ca/~hirose/ep225/ contains Course outline Laboratory instruction Notes Past exams Animation Instructor: Akira Hirose Office Physics 66 akira.hirose@usask.ca
More informationPRIME OPTICS. A Glass Selection Method for Apochromatism: introducing the differential Abbé number September 29
PRIME OPTICS 17 Crescent Road EUMUNDI Q 456 AUSTRALIA A Glass Selection Method for Apochromatism: introducing the differential Abbé number 014 September 9 Telephone : +61-7-544 8831 Facsimile : +61-7-544
More informationOptical/IR Observational Astronomy Telescopes I: Telescope Basics. David Buckley, SAAO
David Buckley, SAAO 27 Feb 2012 1 Some other Telescope Parameters 1. Plate Scale This defines the scale of an image at the telescopes focal surface For a focal plane, with no distortion, this is just related
More informationLecture 2: Basic Astronomical Optics. Prisms, Lenses, and Mirrors
Lecture 2: Basic Astronomical Optics Prisms, Lenses, and Mirrors Basic Optical Elements Refraction (Lenses) No longer used for large telescopes Widely used for instrument optics Reflection (mirrors) Widely
More informationMSE 321 Structural Characterization
Optical Microscope Plan Lenses In an "ideal" single-element lens system all planar wave fronts are focused to a point at distance f from the lens; therefore: Image near the optical axis will be in perfect
More informationPhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 1
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 1 1. The diagram shows the concave mirror of a Cassegrain reflecting telescope, together with the eyepiece lens. Complete the diagram of the telescope and mark on it the focal
More informationTelescopes Refractors Reflectors Catadioptrics
Optical Aberrations As indicated by the history of telescopes, limits of design were encountered as the instrument was developed. Here are diagrams to better explain each aberration: Telescopes Refractors
More informationPhysics 3312 Lecture 7 February 6, 2019
Physics 3312 Lecture 7 February 6, 2019 LAST TIME: Reviewed thick lenses and lens systems, examples, chromatic aberration and its reduction, aberration function, spherical aberration How do we reduce spherical
More informationLecture 11 Optical Instruments Overview
Lecture 11 Optical Instruments Overview Lenses were discovered about 700 years ago. They were mostly used as magnifying glasses for visual aids. It took humanity roughly another 300 years to figure out
More informationPRINCIPLES OF PHYSICAL OPTICS
PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICAL OPTICS C. A. Bennett University of North Carolina At Asheville WILEY- INTERSCIENCE A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION CONTENTS Preface 1 The Physics of Waves 1 1.1 Introduction
More informationRefractive Index and Dispersion
1 Version February 2016 Introduction The most important property of optical glass is the refractive index and its dispersion behavior. This technical information gives an overview of the following topics:
More informationTelescopes, Observatories, Data Collection
Telescopes, Observatories, Data Collection Telescopes 1 Astronomy : observational science only input is the light received different telescopes, different wavelengths of light lab experiments with spectroscopy,
More informationPhysical Principles of Electron Microscopy. 2. Electron Optics
Physical Principles of Electron Microscopy 2. Electron Optics Ray Egerton University of Alberta and National Institute of Nanotechnology Edmonton, Canada www.tem-eels.ca regerton@ualberta.ca Properties
More informationLAB 10: OPTICAL MATERIALS AND DISPERSION I
OPTI 202L - Geometrical and Instrumental Optics Lab LAB 10: OPTICAL MATERIALS AND DISPERSION I 10-1 Measuring the refractive index of a material is one of the most fundamental optical measurements, and
More informationTelescopes and Optics II. Observational Astronomy 2017 Part 4 Prof. S.C. Trager
Telescopes and Optics II Observational Astronomy 2017 Part 4 Prof. S.C. Trager Fermat s principle Optics using Fermat s principle Fermat s principle The path a (light) ray takes is such that the time of
More informationn(λ) = c/v(λ). Figure 1: Dispersion curves for some common optical glass types.
Physics 2310 Lab 2: The Dispersion of Optical Glass Dr. Michael Pierce (Univ. of Wyoming) Based on a lab by Dr. M. Kruger (Univ. of Missouri, Kansas City) Purpose: The purpose of this lab is to introduce
More informationAstronomy. Optics and Telescopes
Astronomy A. Dayle Hancock adhancock@wm.edu Small 239 Office hours: MTWR 10-11am Optics and Telescopes - Refraction, lenses and refracting telescopes - Mirrors and reflecting telescopes - Diffraction limit,
More informationLight and motion. = v c
Light and motion This means that if you know what wavelength some radiation was emitted at (as you would for, say, a hydrogen Balmer line), then the observed wavelength tells you the velocity of the object
More informationWhite Paper: Low Chromatic Aberration Nanocomposite
Zhiyun (Gene) Chen, Ph.D., Vice President of Engineering Selina Monickam, Ph.D., Senior Scientist Michael Weinstein, M.Eng., Product Management Coordinator Pixelligent Technologies 6411 Beckley Street,
More informationASTR-1010: Astronomy I Course Notes Section VI
ASTR-1010: Astronomy I Course Notes Section VI Dr. Donald G. Luttermoser Department of Physics and Astronomy East Tennessee State University Edition 2.0 Abstract These class notes are designed for use
More informationEye pieces (Oculars) and their Cardinal Points
Paper: Optics Lesson: Eye pieces (Oculars) and their Cardinal Points Author: Dr. D. V. Chopra College/Department: Associate Professor (Retired), Department of Physics and Electronics, Rajdhani College,
More informationOptics and Telescopes
Optics and Telescopes Guiding Questions 1. Why is it important that telescopes be large? 2. Why do most modern telescopes use a large mirror rather than a large lens? 3. Why are observatories in such remote
More informationNOTES: Arvind Borde The Bending of Light and Telescopes. Light travels in straight lines... except when it bends (refraction).
Arvind Borde The Bending of Light and Telescopes Light travels in straight lines...... except when it bends (refraction). 1 The bending of light causes lensing. 2 And lensing is what our eyes, cameras,
More informationFocal Reducer/Wide-Field Corrector for the C. E. Kenneth Mees Telescope
SIMG-503 Senior Research Focal Reducer/Wide-Field Corrector for the C. E. Kenneth Mees Telescope Final Report Laurie Tuttle Center for Imaging Science Rochester Institute of Technology May 2000 Table of
More informationA system of two lenses is achromatic when the separation between them is
L e c t u r e 1 5 1 Eyepieces Single eye lens in a telescope / microscope produces spherical and chromatic aberrations. The field of view is also narrow. The eye lens is replaced by a system of lenses
More informationLecture 2: Geometrical Optics 1. Spherical Waves. From Waves to Rays. Lenses. Chromatic Aberrations. Mirrors. Outline
Lecture 2: Geometrical Optics 1 Outline 1 Spherical Waves 2 From Waves to Rays 3 Lenses 4 Chromatic Aberrations 5 Mirrors Christoph U. Keller, Utrecht University, C.U.Keller@uu.nl Astronomical Telescopes
More informationTIE-19. Temperature Coefficient of the Refractive Index. Technical Information Advanced Optics. Introduction. 1. Fundamentals.
Version July TIE- Introduction The refractive index of optical glasses changes with temperature, the extend of which depending on the glass type and on the wavelength. It also changes with air pressure,
More informationOptical Physics of Rifle Scopes
Optical Physics of Rifle Scopes A Senior Project By Ryan Perry Advisor, Dr. Glen Gillen Department of Physics, California Polytechnic University SLO June 8, 207 Approval Page Title: Optical Analysis of
More informationOptical Properties of Binoculars and Telescopes Relevant to Laser Safety
ILSC 2001 Conference Proceedings Optical Properties of Binoculars and Telescopes Relevant to Laser Safety Karl Schulmeister, Herbert Hödlmoser, Helmut Schön and Volker Stübler Please register to receive
More informationDISPERSION VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS. Two identical prisms made of the same material placed with their based on opposite sides (of the
DISPERSION VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS Q-1. What will be the spectrum of sun during a total solar eclipse? Q-2. Why the secondary rainbow is always fainter than the primary rainbow? Q-3. Two identical
More informationPHY2054 Summer 2017 Final ExamVersion 2
PHY2054 Summer 2017 Final ExamVersion 2 MULTIPLE CHOICE. Please answer all questions by choosing the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) When two or more capacitors
More informationPHY2054 Summer 2017 Final ExamVersion 1
PHY2054 Summer 2017 Final ExamVersion 1 MULTIPLE CHOICE. Please answer all questions by choosing the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) In the figure below, a
More informationMagnifying Glass. Angular magnification (m): 25 cm/f < m < 25cm/f + 1. image at 25 cm (= normal near point) relaxed eye, image at (normal) far point
Magnifying Glass Angular magnification (m): 25 cm/f < m < 25cm/f + 1 relaxed eye, image at (normal) far point image at 25 cm (= normal near point) For more magnification, first use a lens to form an enlarged
More informationHigh-Resolution. Transmission. Electron Microscopy
Part 4 High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy 186 Significance high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM): resolve object details smaller than 1nm (10 9 m) image the interior of
More informationThe verification of the MASS spectral response
The verification of the MASS spectral response Victor Kornilov September 14, 2006 Introduction The paper 1 shows that the weighting functions (WF) used for turbulence profile restoration from the scintillation
More informationPHYS 450 Fall semester Lecture 05: Dispersion and the Prism Spectrometer. Ron Reifenberger Birck Nanotechnology Center Purdue University
PHYS 450 Fall semester 06 Lecture 05: Dispersion and the Prism Spectrometer Ron Reifenberger Birck Nanotechnology Center Purdue University Lecture 05 Prisms Dispersion of Light n n As early as the 3th
More informationLECTURE 23: LIGHT. Propagation of Light Huygen s Principle
LECTURE 23: LIGHT Propagation of Light Reflection & Refraction Internal Reflection Propagation of Light Huygen s Principle Each point on a primary wavefront serves as the source of spherical secondary
More informationFundamentals of Photoelasticity
Fundamentals of Photoelasticity Some Useful Definitions How Stress Is Calculated Principles of Photoelasticity Stress Measurement Techniques Strainoptic Technologies, Inc. Some Useful Definitions Residual
More informationAstronomical Instruments
Astronomical Instruments 1 Human Eye iris Until 17 th century all astronomical studies limited to naked eye observations. Equipment used were mainly to measure positions of celestial objects in the sky.
More information3/7/2018. Light and Telescope. PHYS 1411 Introduction to Astronomy. Topics for Today s class. What is a Telescopes?
PHYS 1411 Introduction to Astronomy Light and Telescope Chapter 6 Topics for Today s class Optical Telescopes Big Telescopes Advances in Telescope Designs Telescopes Mountings Problems with Mirrors and
More information1986 s Nobel Prize in Physics
Revised version: 2017.12.19 1986 s Nobel Prize in Physics (Electron Microscope & STM) Huiwon Ahn Seoul National University Department of Physics & Astronomy, Korea Abstract The structure of matter or organisms
More informationName Final Exam May 1, 2017
Name Final Exam May 1, 217 This test consists of five parts. Please note that in parts II through V, you can skip one question of those offered. Some possibly useful formulas appear below. Constants, etc.
More informationEngineering Physics 1 Prof. G.D. Vermaa Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology-Roorkee
Engineering Physics 1 Prof. G.D. Vermaa Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology-Roorkee Module-04 Lecture-02 Diffraction Part - 02 In the previous lecture I discussed single slit and double
More informationTelescopes. Astronomy 320 Wednesday, February 14, 2018
Telescopes Astronomy 320 Wednesday, February 14, 2018 Telescopes gather light and resolve detail A telescope is sometimes called a light bucket. Number of photons collected per second is proportional to
More informationTIE-35: Transmittance of optical glass
PAGE 1/12 0 Introduction Optical glasses are optimized to provide excellent transmittance throughout the total visible range from 400 to 800 nm Usually the transmittance range spreads also into the near
More informationSchool. Team Number. Optics
School Team Number Optics Physical Optics (30%) Proceed to the laser shoot (40%) when your team number is called. 1. What are the four colors used in the CMYK color model? (2 points) 2. Muscae Volitantes
More informationOptical/IR Observational Astronomy Telescopes I: Telescope Basics. David Buckley, SAAO
David Buckley, SAAO 17 Feb 2010 1 Some other Telescope Parameters 1. Plate Scale This defines the scale of an image at the telescopes focal surface For a focal plane, with no distortion, this is just related
More informationTest 4 Preparation Questions
Test 4 Preparation Questions A1. One joule of work is required to move a one-coulomb point charge from point A to point B in a uniform electric field. This indicates that (A) the resistance between points
More informationAdvanced Lens Design
Advanced Lens Design Lecture 2: Optimization I 2013-10-22 Herbert Gross Winter term 2013 www.iap.uni-jena.de 2 Preliminar Schedule 1 15.10. Introduction Paraxial optics, ideal lenses, optical sstems, ratrace,
More informationLearning aim B: Astronomical measurements and observations
Learning aim B: Astronomical measurements and observations Types of telescopes There are 2 different types of telescopes, each with their own advantages and disadvantages: Reflecting telescopes Refracting
More informationHow Light Beams Behave. Light and Telescopes Guiding Questions. Telescopes A refracting telescope uses a lens to concentrate incoming light at a focus
Light and Telescopes Guiding Questions 1. Why is it important that telescopes be large? 2. Why do most modern telescopes use a large mirror rather than a large lens? 3. Why are observatories in such remote
More informationAssignment 3 Due September 27, 2010
Assignment 3 Due September 27, 2010 Text readings Stops section 5.3 Dispersing and Reflecting Prisms [sections 5.5.1 and 5.5.2] Optical systems section 5.7 Lens Aberrations [section 6.3] Be careful about
More informationUNIVERSITY OF SASKATCHEWAN Department of Physics and Engineering Physics
UNIVERSITY OF SASKATCHEWAN Department of Physics and Engineering Physics Physics 111.6 MIDTERM TEST #4 March 8, 2001 Time: 90 minutes NAME: STUDENT NO.: (Last) Please Print (Given) LECTURE SECTION (please
More informationHow do they work? Chapter 5
Telescopes How do they work? Chapter 5 1. History 2. Lenses & Hardware 3. Reflecting Telescopes 4. Refracting Telescopes History Hans Lippershey Middleburg, Holland invented the refractor telescope in
More informationPAPER 338 OPTICAL AND INFRARED ASTRONOMICAL TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTS
MATHEMATICAL TRIPOS Part III Monday, 12 June, 2017 1:30 pm to 3:30 pm PAPER 338 OPTICAL AND INFRARED ASTRONOMICAL TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTS Attempt no more than TWO questions. There are THREE questions
More informationAstronomy 114. Lecture 26: Telescopes. Martin D. Weinberg. UMass/Astronomy Department
Astronomy 114 Lecture 26: Telescopes Martin D. Weinberg weinberg@astro.umass.edu UMass/Astronomy Department A114: Lecture 26 17 Apr 2007 Read: Ch. 6,26 Astronomy 114 1/17 Announcements Quiz #2: we re aiming
More informationLaser Optics-II. ME 677: Laser Material Processing Instructor: Ramesh Singh 1
Laser Optics-II 1 Outline Absorption Modes Irradiance Reflectivity/Absorption Absorption coefficient will vary with the same effects as the reflectivity For opaque materials: reflectivity = 1 - absorptivity
More informationPerformance Enhancement of 157 nm Newtonian Catadioptric Objectives
Performance Enhancement of 157 nm Newtonian Catadioptric Objectives James Webb, Timothy Rich, Anthony Phillips and Jim Cornell Corning Tropel Corporation, 60 O Connor Rd, Fairport, NY 14450, 585-377-3200
More information10 Lecture, 5 October 1999
10 Lecture, 5 October 1999 10.1 Aberration compensation for spherical primaries: the Schmidt camera All-reflecting optical systems are called catoptric; all-refracting systems are called dioptric. Mixed
More informationADC-MK3 Atmospheric Dispersion Corrector Smart and easy User manual
ADC-MK3 Atmospheric Dispersion Corrector Smart and easy User manual Pierroastro 1 Theory : The light from stars, planets and other objects of deep sky, travel in a vacuum and then passes through the Earth's
More informationPreliminary Evaluation of Radiation Total Ionization Dose Influence on the Optical Transmittance of CBERS 3&4 Multispectral Camera (MUX) Subsystem
Preliminary Evaluation of Radiation Total Ionization Dose Influence on the Optical Transmittance of CBERS 3&4 Multispectral Camera (MUX) Subsystem Lucas Fugikawa Santos Lucimara Cristina Nakata Scaduto
More informationTelescopes: Portals of Discovery
Telescopes: Portals of Discovery How do light and matter interact? Emission Absorption Transmission Transparent objects transmit light Opaque objects block (absorb) light Reflection or Scattering Reflection
More informationLight and Telescopes
Light and Telescopes The key thing to note is that light and matter interact. This can happen in four principal ways: 1) emission a hot object such as the filament in a light bulb emits visible light 2)
More informationFoundations of Astronomy 13e Seeds. Chapter 6. Light and Telescopes
Foundations of Astronomy 13e Seeds Chapter 6 Light and Telescopes Guidepost In this chapter, you will consider the techniques astronomers use to study the Universe What is light? How do telescopes work?
More informationChapter 6 Light and Telescopes
Chapter 6 Light and Telescopes Guidepost In the early chapters of this book, you looked at the sky the way ancient astronomers did, with the unaided eye. In chapter 4, you got a glimpse through Galileo
More informationM Plan Apo. Long working distance objectives for bright field. DIMENSIONS *Mounting screws 26, thread 36 (see P.30.) SPECIFICATIONS FEATURES
Long working distance objectives for bright field M Plan Apo 1. A specimen with steps, which cannot be focused on with the conventional short working distance objectives, can be easily observed with the
More informationCheapest nuller in the World: Crossed beamsplitter cubes
Cheapest nuller in the World: François Hénault Institut de Planétologie et d Astrophysique de Grenoble, Université Joseph Fourier, CNRS, B.P. 53, 38041 Grenoble France Alain Spang Laboratoire Lagrange,
More informationParaxial ray optics cloaking
Paraxial ray optics cloaking Joseph S. Choi 1 and John C. Howell 2 1 The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA 2 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of
More informationAstronomical Optics. Second Edition DANIEL J. SCHROEDER ACADEMIC PRESS
Astronomical Optics Second Edition DANIEL J. SCHROEDER Professor of Physics and Astronomy, Emeritus Department of Physics and Astronomy Beloit College, Beloit, Wisconsin ACADEMIC PRESS A Harcourt Science
More informationObserving the Universe. Optical Instruments
Observing the Universe Optical Instruments Our Eye The fovea has a high concentration of cones sensitive to colour. Other parts of the retina have more rods these are not sensitive to colour, but have
More information1. Using, scientists can use a few smaller telescopes to take images with the. 2. To double the resolving power of a telescope, you must.
Chapter 5 Telescopes Multiple Choice Questions 1. Using, scientists can use a few smaller telescopes to take images with the same resolution as a much larger telescope. A. Satellite telescopes B. Charge-coupled
More informationOptical and Photonic Glasses. Lecture 30. Femtosecond Laser Irradiation and Acoustooptic. Professor Rui Almeida
Optical and Photonic Glasses : Femtosecond Laser Irradiation and Acoustooptic Effects Professor Rui Almeida International Materials Institute For New Functionality in Glass Lehigh University Femto second
More informationChapter 33 Nature and Propagation of Light. From vision to digital camera to rainbows to pictures of the early universe light is all around us
Chapter 33 Nature and Propagation of Light From vision to digital camera to rainbows to pictures of the early universe light is all around us Introduction A coating of oil on water or a delicate glass
More information9/13/18. ASTR 1040: Stars & Galaxies. Topics for Today and Tues. Nonvisible Light X-ray, UV, IR, Radio. SPITZER Infrared Telescope
ASTR 1040: Stars & Galaxies Solar Prominence from SOHO EIT Prof. Juri Toomre TAs: Ryan Horton, Loren Matilsky Lecture 6 Thur 13 Sept 2018 zeus.colorado.edu/astr1040-toomre Topics for Today and Tues Next
More informationLecturer: Ivan Kassamakov, Docent Assistants: Risto Montonen and Anton Nolvi, Doctoral
Lecturer: Ivan Kassamakov, Docent Assistants: Risto Montonen and Anton Nolvi, Doctoral students Course webpage: Course webpage: http://electronics.physics.helsinki.fi/teaching/optics-2016-2/ Personal information
More information- ADC prisms for SPIROU and SPIP- - Technical specifications
DATE : 19/12/2017 PAGE : 1/ 13 - ADC prisms for SPIROU and SPIP- - Technical specifications Name: L.PARES Institute: IRAP Date: 19/12/2017 Prepared by Accepted by Name: S. BARATCHART, M. LACOMBE Institute:
More informationFour-Mirror Freeform Design
23:06:34 38.46 MM Four-Mirror, Tuned Scale: 0.65 02-Jul-17 Four-Mirror Freeform Design Jonathan C. Papa, Joseph M. Howard, and Jannick P. Rolland 1 NASA Technology Roadmap This work was supported by a
More information